1
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Rhetorical Shaping of Gender: The Rhetorical Shaping of Gender:
Men’s Movements in AmericaMen’s Movements in America
gendered lives
““Injustice anywhere is a Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” threat to justice everywhere.”
~ Martin Luther King, Jr.~ Martin Luther King, Jr.
Copyright © 2004 Wadsworth
3
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
Profeminist Men’s MovementsProfeminist Men’s Movements
• Male Feminists
Egalitarian Ideology
Worked to Promote Women’s Rights
• Rhetorical Identity
Personal Persuasion Strategies
Traitorous
4
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
NOMAS-NOMAS-National Organization National Organization for Men Against Sexismfor Men Against Sexism
Three Issues:
1. Ending Men’s Violence Against Women
2. Supporting Homophobia Education
3. Developing Profeminist Men’s Studies
NOMAS-National Organization for Men Against Sexismhttp://www.nomas.org/sys-tmpl/
NOMAS-National Organization for Men Against Sexismhttp://www.nomas.org/sys-tmpl/
5
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
Men’s Antiviolence GroupsMen’s Antiviolence Groups
White Ribbon Campaign
• Wearing Ribbon is a Pledge to Never
Commit, Condone, or Remain Quiet
• Antiviolence Workshops
• Not “Male Bashers”
• Support Women’s Groups
6
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
Men’s Antiviolence GroupsMen’s Antiviolence Groups
Mentors in Violence Prevention
• Teach Men about Aggression/Violence
Linked to Masculine Cultural View
• Call Attention to Role of Bystanders in
Preventing Violence
7
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
Masculinist Men’s MovementMasculinist Men’s Movement
Free Men
• Restore Men’s Pride
• Profeminists Not Part of Movement
• Correct Discrimination Against Men
• Men Being Robbed of MasculinityMasculinist Men’s Movement Free Men
www.ncfm.org
Masculinist Men’s Movement Free Menwww.ncfm.org
8
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
Masculinist Men’s MovementMasculinist Men’s Movement
Ran
dom
Hou
se
Mythopoetic Movement• Concerned with Men’s
Personal Growth,
Wholeness, Bonding
• Need to Rediscover Male
Mode of Feeling
• Father Hunger
9
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
Facts: Mythopoetic MovementFacts: Mythopoetic Movement• More than 50,000 men have participated in nature
retreats at a cost of more than $200 per participant.
• MAN!, the national quarterly devoted to the
movement, has more than 3,500 subscribers.
• Wingspan, another national quarterly of the movement,
has a (free) circulation of more than 125,000 readers.
• In the Northeast alone, over 163 mythopoetic groups
have been formed.
• Robert Bly’s book Iron John enjoyed over 30 weeks on
the best seller list.
• Mythopoetics are largely White and middle class.
• More than 50,000 men have participated in nature
retreats at a cost of more than $200 per participant.
• MAN!, the national quarterly devoted to the
movement, has more than 3,500 subscribers.
• Wingspan, another national quarterly of the movement,
has a (free) circulation of more than 125,000 readers.
• In the Northeast alone, over 163 mythopoetic groups
have been formed.
• Robert Bly’s book Iron John enjoyed over 30 weeks on
the best seller list.
• Mythopoetics are largely White and middle class.
Masculinist Men’s Movement Robert Bly
http://www.robertbly.com/
Masculinist Men’s Movement Robert Bly
http://www.robertbly.com/
10
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
Masculinist Men’s MovementMasculinist Men’s Movement
Promise Keepers• Restore Men’s Connection to
God’s Commandments
• Men Leaders of Their Families
• Strive to Keep Seven Promises
• Supporters and Detractors
Make Valid PointsMasculinist Men’s Movement Promise Keepers
http://www.promisekeepers.org/
Masculinist Men’s Movement Promise Keepers
http://www.promisekeepers.org/
Masculinist Men’s Movement Promise Keepers
http://www.now.org/issues/right/pk.html
Masculinist Men’s Movement Promise Keepers
http://www.now.org/issues/right/pk.html
11
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
Masculinist Men’s MovementMasculinist Men’s Movement
Million Man March - Fall 1995
• Led by Louis Farrakhan
• Register to Vote
• Fight Drugs
• Against Unemployment
• Against Violence
12
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
Antifeminism: The BacklashAntifeminism: The Backlash
• Individuals, Not Organized Groups
• Scapegoats Feminism
• Homemaking and Raising Children
Responsibilities of Women
13
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
Antifeminism: The BacklashAntifeminism: The Backlash
The Antisuffrage Movement -1848-1920
• Sought to Prevent Women’s Vote
• National Association Opposed to Women’s
Suffrage - 1970s
14
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
Antifeminism: The BacklashAntifeminism: The Backlash
Fascinating, Total, Surrendered Women
• Advocated Return to Traditional
Attitudes (Fascinating)
• Urged Women to Make Selves
Sexually Irresistable (Total Woman)
15
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
Antifeminism: The BacklashAntifeminism: The Backlash
Stop ERA Campaign
• Phyllis Schlafly Promiment
Spokesperson
• Public Speaking, Lobbying
Legislators, and Courting Media
16
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
Equal Rights AmendmentEqual Rights Amendment
“Equality of rights under the law shall
not be denied or abridged by the United
States or by any State on account of sex.”
17
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
Antifeminism: The BacklashAntifeminism: The Backlash
Contradictory Claims of Antifeminism
• Susan Faludi
Feminism Source of Women’s Problems
Women Have Never Had it So Good
18
Chapter Four: Men’s Movements in America
Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth
gendered lives