Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present
Chapter Outline
Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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I. The Ottomans in the Early Modern EraII. Muslim Politics in PersiaIII. Early Modern India under the MughalsIV. The Qing Dynasty before the Opium WarV. Korea in the 17th and 18th CenturiesVI. Early Modern Japan: The Tokugawa PeriodVII. Southeast Asia: Political and Cultural InteractionsVIII. Europeans on New Pacific Frontiers
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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I. The Ottomans in the Early Modern Era
A. Reorganization and ReformRebellions
> deposition of Osman II, 1622Timars become hereditary
B. The Age of the Köprülü VizirsMehmed IV, 1648, becomes sultan
rivalries of Turhan Sultan and Kösem
struggles between ulama and Sufis
LepantoMehmet Köprülü (1586-1661)
vizirreforms
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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I. The Ottomans in the Early Modern Era
C. The Tulip PeriodAhmed III (1703-30)
1718, Ibrahim Pasha becomes vizirinfluential
European influenceTurkish language press
founded by Ibrahim Müteferrika, 1720
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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I. The Ottomans in the Early Modern Era
D. Eighteenth-Century War, Relations and Reform
Mahmud I (r. 1730-54)Comte de Bonneval
Mustafa III (r. 1757-74)Baron de Tott
Abdül-hamid I (r. 1774-89)Treaty of Küchük KaynarcaCrimea to Russia
Wahhabi movementMuhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
(1703-92)seize Mecca, 1803
join with Sa'ud family
E. The Reforms of Selim IIISelim III (1789-1807)
modernization of army, navydeposed by janissaries, 1807
> Mahmud II (1807-39)
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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II. Muslim Politics in Persia
Safavid Empire1723, ended by Afghan
invasion
Nadir Khan 1736, Shahassassinated
Karim Khan Zand (1750-79)successors until 1794
Qajar Dynasty (1794-1924)
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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III. Early Modern India under the Mughals
Aurangzeb (1658-1707)Islamic orthodoxyattacks Hindu institutions
reimposes jizyaMarathas
opposition
death of Aurangzeb> civil war
Muhammad Shah (1719-48)fragmentation1739, Nadir Shah loots Delhi1747, Afghans chose Ahmad Khan
(1747-73)Durr-i Durran ("Pearl of Pearls")
sacks Delhi, 1756defeats Marathas
Maratha ConfederacyShivaji BhonsleHindu
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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III. Early Modern India under the Mughals
A. The Europeans in IndiaDutchBritish - East India Company
Mercantilismcloth production
East India Company increasingly assertive
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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IV. The Qing Dynasty before the Opium War
1644-c. 1820 - China prospersby 1820, China 33% of world's GDP
Manchushelp Ming put down Li Zicheng
Nurhachi (1559-1616)builds Manchu stateManchuria, north of Great Wall
Hong Taiji, son of NurhachiQing dynasty
A. Manchu Imperial RuleEmperor Shunzhi (1644-61)
successor Kangxidefeats Ming opposition
Kangxi (1662-1722)
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Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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IV. The Qing Dynasty before the Opium War
B. Society and Culture
Yuan Mei (1716-97)Wu Jingzi (1701-54)
The ScholarsCao Xueqin (1715-65)
The Dream of the Red Chamber
C. ChallengesHeshen
favorite of Qianlongcorrupt, robbing
> White Lotus movement1796-1804social equalitydeliverance by Maitreya
Tribute systemregulation of foreign tradeBritain sells opium for tea
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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V. Korea in the 17th and 18th Centuries
Chosǒn Dynastystrengthens military
King Yǒngjo (1724-76)and grandson, King Chǒngjo (1776-
1800)welfare, taxes
Kim Hongdo (b. 1745), Shin Yunbok (b. 1758)
Han'gul usedYangban scholars
Yu Hyǒngwǒnfollower of Zhu Xi
silhak - "practical learning"influenced by Western thinking
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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VI. Early Modern Japan: The Tokugawa Period
Status Groups:samurai, farmer, artisan,
merchant
ShǒgunsAlternate attendance system
attendance on Shǒguns at Edo
A. The Tokugawa and the World
attempt to keep out Christianity> closed-doors to Westerners
avoid Chinese tribute systembut open to China c. 1700
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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VI. Early Modern Japan: The Tokugawa Period
B. Economic Growth and Social Change
Self-governance
growth of townsFamines, 1730's, 1780's
> reformsShǒgun Yoshimune (1716-45)
cuts expenses, etc.Tanuma Okitsugu (1719-1788)
economic reforms
C. Early Modern Scholarship and Ideology
Zhu Xi Confucianismblended with Shintǒ
Hayashi Raxan (1583-1657)Yamazaki Ansai (1618-82)
Bushidǒ - "way of the warrior"
Study of Japan's pastNotoori Norinaga (1730-1801)
studies Tale of Genji
"Dutch Learning"translations of Western works
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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VI. Early Modern Japan: The Tokugawa Period
D. Culture and Society
The "Floating World"art for mass consumption
Matsuo Bashǒ(1644-1694)haikuNarrow Road to the North
Ihara Saikaku (1642-93)Life of an Amorous Man, 1682Life of an Amorous Woman,
1686The Eternal Storehouse of
Japan, 1688Worldly Mental Calculations,
1682
Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653-1724)
Hishikawa Moronobu (1620?-94)
Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849)
Andō Hiroshige (1797-1858)
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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VII. Southeast Asia: Political and Cultural Interactions
A. Europeans
Dutch
control Indonesia, Malacca
dictate crops
French
Alexhandre de Rhodes
missionary activity in Vietnam
pushed our of Thailand, 1688
Spanish
from 1521, Magellan
Philippines
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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VII. Southeast Asia: Political and Cultural Interactions
B. ConflictAlaungpaya, Burmese leder
1752, drives Mons from captital1760, destroys Ayuthaya
Qing threaten Burma
Thailand1782, General Chakri becomes
kingunites Thailand
restoration after Burmese attacks
IndonesiaDutch Control
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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VII. Southeast Asia: Political and Cultural Interactions
VietnamLe Dynasty, founded 1428South, Nguyen dynasty rules
by 1720, Cambodia, Saigon, Phnom Penh
Tay Son Uprising, 1771Qing support Le familyFrench support Nguyen Anh
gain foothold
Nguyen Anhbecomes Emperor Gia Long, 1902build infrastructure
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815
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VIII. Europeans on New Pacific Frontiers
A. Russians1632, Yakutsk, Eastern Siberia
1728, Vitus BeringDanishBering strait
Okhotsk
B. Explorations` Louis de Bougainville
Sandwich Islands (Hawaii)Australia, New Guinea, New Britai
James CookAntartica, Arctic
C. ImpactKamehameha
1790, unites three main Hawaiian islands
East Asian commerce transformed