Chapters 3 Notes
Matter
2.2 lbs = 1 kg
1 kg = 9.8 N
I.Classes of Mattervideo #12
-Matter exists as elements, compounds, mixtures, or solutions
*Homogeneous matter: identical properties throughout.
Ex: salt h20
*Heterogeneous matter:
different properties
Ex. Fruit salad, shovel of dirt
II. Mixturesvideo #11
pp41
*two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined.
A. Properties of Mixtures
-substances keep their separate ident and most of their own prop.-may chng in physical appearance.
Ex. Sugar and water, mp, bp
-subst can be present in any amnt.
-subst can be separated out.
B. Types of Mixtures
1.Heterogeneous mixture
*particles are large enough to be seen and settle out.
EX: concrete
2. Homogeneous mixture*particles very small and do not
settle out.EX: Stainless steel
*Colloids:
Larger particles but left in suspension
Ex: smoke,
C. Solutions
*one substance dissolves in another.
Ex. Ocean water, tea, air.
-3 Important Prop of Solutions1.part not large enough to be seen2.part. are evenly spread out(all
parts of sol are ident)3.solution doesn’t settle out of
time
Video #9
*Alloy:
solids dissolved in solids
ex: brass, sterling silver
DEMO
III. Elements videos #10
*Pure Subst: made of only one kind of material and has definite prop
*Element: simplest pure subst. ; cannot be chngd into simpler subst by heating or any chem process-Ex
pp39
*Atom:
smallest particle of an element with the prop. of that element.
A. Elements and Atoms
*represent elements
B. Chem Symbols
IV. Compounds
pp40
*two or more elements chem. combined.
Ex: sugar, baking soda, TNT
• A compound is two or more elements combined together.
• This is a picture of a salt compound.
-Can be broken down into simp subst.
>by heating, electricity
-The prop of a cmpnd are very diff from the prop of the elements in it.
*Molecules: 2 or more atoms chem. bonded together.-smallest particle of a cmpnd that has all the prop of that cmpnd.
• A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance that exists alone.
• This is a picture of a water molecule. It is two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen.
*Chemical Formulas:1. What it is
2. How much
*Chemical equation: description of a chem. rxn using symbols and formulas.
Chemical equation:1. What you put in
2. What you get out
3. How much
*Law of conservation of mass:
*Law of conservation of nrg:
*nrg: ability to do work
pp77
*Diatomic Molecules: (super 7)
Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, F
*Chemical Rxn:
1. Bubbles
2. Formation of a precipitate
3. Heat and light given off
pp184