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Savanna Wetland ProjectKruger, Marakele and Mapungubwe
National Parks, South Africa: Characterization, classification and
inventoryApril 2009
Jonathan S. Price, Piet‐Louis Grundling, Althea T. Grundling and Albert P. Grootjans
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LOCATION
www.selftours.co.za/maps.htm
Mapungubwe
Marakele
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Problem Statement: A comprehensive wetland inventory does not exist for these 3 parks
What is a wetland?1. Presence of water at the surface or in the rooting zone2. Unique soil conditions3. Vegetation adapted or tolerant of wet conditions (or the absence
of flood‐intolerant species)Photo by Rina Grant
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Key question: what constitutes a wetland in these parks
• Reed beds on deep sandy alluvium?
• Floodplains?
• Pans?
• Springs ?
Reedbed in Kruger (Olifants)
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Objectives
1. Characterize wetlands by ecozone• Geology and geomorphology, • Climate and hydrology,• Soils and vegetation.
Wetland on Letaba Tshokwane road
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Objectives
2. Classify wetlands based on the hydro-geomorphic setting, vegetation cover and habitat type
Maloutsa Pan in Mapungubwe
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Objectives3. Determine wetland health - e.g.
erosion impacts, grazing pressure, trampling, etc.
Nkumbe view point
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Objectives
4. Compile an inventory on a 1:50 000 scale.
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Wetlands of Marakele National Park: understanding the geo‐hydrological setting
Piet‐Louis Grundling , Jonathan S. Price and Sarah WebbDepartment of Geography
April 2009
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Marakele Wetland objectives:
• Determine the type and ecological status of the Matlabas headwater wetland
• Establish its hydrological function
• Determine rehabilitation priorities and measures
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Matlabas headwater wetland
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Variety of wetland zones
Photo: Rina Grant
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Peat dome
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Peatland desiccation
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Hydrological monitoring
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Piezometer nest
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Flow level in channels
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Hydrological monitoring
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Groundwater level and piezometer head ‐ seep on edge of wetland (P1)
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Hydrological monitoring
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Groundwater level and piezometer head ‐ peat dome in wetland (P2)
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Google Image – note the underlying geologic structure
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Geology Map
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Oulande se Vlei
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Photo: Cathy Griever
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Basic geohydrology framework
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Sandstones
Sandstones
Sandstones/shales
Sandstones/shales
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Sandstones
Sandstones
Sandstones/shales
Sandstones/shales
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Sandstones
Sandstones
Sandstones/shales
Sandstones/shales
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Sandstones
Sandstones
Sandstones/shales
Sandstones/shales
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Sandstones
Sandstones
Sandstones/shales
Sandstones/shales
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Future work• Do a detailed survey of flux points to establish a water balance
• Map different wetness zones in the wetland, as well as erosion and desiccation features
• Work out a strategy to monitor impact sites
• Compile a management plan (including a restoration*) for comment by management
• Map and investigate the rest of the Marakele wetlands