![Page 1: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Characterizing Households and Communities for Africa RISING
Cleo Roberts
Africa RISING–CSISA Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 11-13 November 2013
![Page 2: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Identify household dynamics affecting technology adoption
Identify types of households vulnerable to poverty
Ensure the hard-to-reach are not missed
Why Characterize Households?
![Page 3: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ensure appropriate interventions for context
Identify challenges to adoption
Figure out how to overcome barriers
Why Characterize Communities?
![Page 4: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sustainable Intensification
Cereal Systems
Maize-legume-livestock Systems
Crop-livestock Systems
![Page 5: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sustainable agricultural intensification for:
Improved livelihoods
Better food security
Healthy environment
Africa RISING Goals
![Page 6: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Monitoring
Information from the field
Feedback to implementers
Evaluation
Outcomes of the project
Design of future projects and M&E efforts
Africa RISING: M&E System
![Page 7: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Panel surveys
Characterization survey
Endline after project completion
Two levels
Household survey
Community questionnaire (according to megasite-specific definitions)
Africa RISING: Evaluation
![Page 8: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
“Interdependent gathering, production, and post-harvest processes” to meet households’ nutritional, economic, and other needs (FAO 2001)
Can include:
Crop production
Livestock production
aquaculture
Farming Systems
Smith and Subandoro (2007)
![Page 9: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Survey sections:
Cropping systems
Crop production
Crop inputs
Crop sales
Crop storage
Crop labor
Farming Systems, cont.
Livestock production
Livestock ownership
Livestock feed
![Page 10: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Common Crop Combinations
![Page 11: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Seasonal Cultivation
![Page 12: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Defined as the “capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living.” (Chambers & Conway, 1991).
Livelihoods
![Page 13: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Livelihoods and AgriculturePoverty Headcount Agricultural Engagement
84 - 9380 - 84
74 - 80
55 - 74
![Page 14: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Livelihoods and Agriculture, cont.
![Page 15: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Labor
Land
Cropping systems
Crop production
Crop inputs
Crop sales
Crop storage
Crop labor
Health
Livelihoods at the Household Level Livestock ownership
Livestock feed
Agriculture-related challenges and coping strategies
Other income sources
Credit
Housing
Food and non-food expenses
![Page 16: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
At the household level:
Expenditures are more reliable than income
Easier to recall than income
Use assets to estimate wealth
More stable over time
At the community level:
Infrastructure: Roads, clinics, and other public services
Measuring Poverty
![Page 17: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Agricultural extension
Access to services/infrastructure
Community land
Livelihoods at the Community Level
Community demographics
Water, shocks, food-supply
Market prices
![Page 18: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Three pillars:
Availability: Is there enough food?
Access: Do people have the resources to obtain food?
Use: Are people eating healthy combinations of foods?
Food Security
WHO (2013)
![Page 20: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Health
Crop production
Livestock ownership
Welfare and subjective food security
Food Security at the Household Level
Food consumed inside the household
Anthropometry
Women of childbearing age
Children under 5 years old
![Page 21: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Collect source, quantity and monetary value of foods consumed over a particular period
Necessary to standardize units of measurement
Include foods purchased, foods from own production, and in-kind payments
Record times of self-reported food scarcity
Take anthropometric measurements Identify stunting, wasting, and underweight children
Obtaining Measures of Food Security and Nutritional Status
Smith and Subandoro (2007)
![Page 22: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Access to services
Water, shocks, and food
Food Security at the Community Level
![Page 23: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Overview of Food Security: Malawi 2004-2005
![Page 24: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Food InadequacyAcute Undernutrition
68
10
% o
f child
ren
.3.4
.5.6
% o
f ho
use
ho
lds
Septe
mbe
r08
Octob
er
Nov
embe
r
Dec
embe
r
Janu
ary0
9
Febru
ary
Mar
chApr
ilM
ay
June
July
Augus
t
month of interview
% of households % of children wasted
last month
self-assessed food inadequacy & child wasting
![Page 25: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Higher educationbetter nutrition
01
02
03
04
05
0
% o
f child
ren
none primary secondary higher
by mother education
Child undernutrition indicators
stunting underweight wasting
01
02
03
04
05
0
% o
f child
ren
none primary secondary higher
by father education
Child undernutrition indicators
stunting underweight wasting
![Page 26: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Crop inputs (conservation)
Crop inputs (seed)
Livestock feed
Natural Resource Management at the Household Level
Agricultural extension services
Land use
![Page 27: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Agricultural extension services
Community land use
Water, shocks, and food
Natural Resource Management at the Community Level
![Page 28: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Top Input Combinations
![Page 29: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Characterizing households and communities for Africa RISING](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060203/559d42b81a28ab00598b4789/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation
africa-rising.net