Download - Characterstics of Fungi - ppup
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Characterstics of Fungi
• They are eukaryotic organisms• Heterotrophic mode of nutrition- Unlike plants
fungi obtain energy by decomposing organic material instead sunlight.
• Non-vascular organisms• Fungal structures are made from filamentous
cells called as hyphae.• The fungal cell have cell wall made up of chitin
(C8H13O5N)n, a complex polysaccharide.• Study of fungi “Mycology”
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Different from plants
• Before the introduction of molecular method forphylogenetic analysis, fungi were considered tobe members of the plant kingdom because ofsimilarities in lifestyle: both fungi and plants aremainly sessile, have alternation of generation,and have similarities in general morphology(presence of cell wall) and growth habitat(coming out of soil).
• However, today fungi has its own separatekingdom.
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Phylum of FungiPHYLUM COMMON
NAMEEXAMPLES CHARACTERSTICS SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Chytridomycota(Most Primitive)
Chytrids Batrachochytrium Mostly aquatic, Single celled, motile
Gametes Zoospores
Zygomycota Common molds
Rhizopus stoloniferous
Cell wall made up of chitin, produce rhizoids and stolon
Zygospores Motile Sporangiospores
Ascomycota(Largest Fungi group)
Sac fungi Truffels, Yeast Aspergillus, Penicillium
Large sized sac shaped fungi with chitinous cell wall
Ascospores Conidiospores
Basidiomycota Club fungi Edible fungi, Smuts and rusts
club-shaped fruiting bodies called basidia, which are the swollen terminal cell of a hypha
Basidiospores
Glomeromycota Mycorrhizal fungi
Form symbiotic relationship with
absent spores
Deuteromycota Fungi imperfecti
Mold like,Aspergillus
Lack of sexual phase
absent Asexual conidiophores
Oomycota Water molds, lower fungi
Phytopthera, Pythium
Cell wall made up of cellulose
Gametangia Zoospores
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Chytridomycota (Water molds)
Synchytrium endobioticumin Potato
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is responsible for chytridiomycosis, a deadly disease of amphibians causing worldwide amphibian decline.
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Zygomycota (Bread Molds/ Conjugating Fungi)
Rhizopus stolonifer
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Ascomycota (Sac fungi)
Edible Sac fungi
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Penicillium (Antibiotic producing)
YeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae(Bread making)
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Basidiomycota
Stem Rust by Puccinia graminis Loose smut by Ustilago
Agaricus
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Glomeromycota
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Life cycle of Chytridomycota
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Life cycle of Zygomycota
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Life cycle of Ascomycota