![Page 1: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Naming and Writing IONIC Chemical Formulas
Chem Lab Methods
![Page 2: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chemical Symbols
![Page 3: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chemical Formulas: Writing
Use the chemical symbol for each element
Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word
(He for Helium or Ti for Titanium)
Some elements have just one letter, such as H for Hydrogen or N for Nitrogen
![Page 4: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Chemical Formulas: Writing
Most elements have two letters Always capitalize the first letter and
use lower case on the second one.Example: Cobalt is Co
If you used two capitals (CO), it would be mistaken for Carbon Monoxide which has one Carbon (C) and one Oxygen (O)
![Page 5: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Chemical Formulas: Subscripts
The subscript number specifies how many atoms of that element you have
N2 is a nitrogen molecule with two atoms
C2H4 has two carbons and four hydrogens
CO2 contains one carbon and two oxygens
If no number is listed, it means there is only one
![Page 6: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Example
C2H3Cl what elements and how many of each?
![Page 7: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Example
C2H3Cl what elements and how many of each?
![Page 8: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Example
H2SiCl2what elements and how many of each?
![Page 9: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Example
H2SiCl2what elements and how many of each?
![Page 10: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Chemical Formulas: Coefficients (numbers in front)
CH4 what elements and how many of each?
![Page 11: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Chemical Formulas: Coefficients (numbers in front)
CH4 => methanewhat elements and how many of each?
![Page 12: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chemical Formulas: Coefficients (numbers in front)
When there are large numbers in front, that tells you how many molecules there are.
For example 3CH4 =
![Page 13: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Chemical Formulas: Coefficients (numbers in front)
When there are large numbers in front, that tells you how many molecules there are.
For example 3CH4 = 3 methane molecules
12NaOH = ?
![Page 14: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Chemical Formulas: Coefficients (numbers in front)
When there are large numbers in front, that tells you how many molecules there are.
For example 3CH4 = 3 methane molecules
12NaOH = 12 different Sodium Hydroxide units
![Page 15: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Practice
Counting Atoms
![Page 16: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Definitions
Nomenclature: Choosing of names for things Naming procedure
Ionic Compound: Atoms held together by ionic bonds
Binary Compound: Chemical compound made of atoms
from two different elements
![Page 17: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Naming: Binary Ionic Compounds
Metal element name first
Then the non-metal element name, but the ending is changed to -ide
Example: CaCl2 would be called calcium chloride
Example: Ag2O would be called… silver oxide
![Page 18: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Practice
Naming Binary Compounds
![Page 19: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Developing
Example:
Compound name - Magnesium chloride …What is the formula?
![Page 20: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Developing
Magnesium Chloride =
Mg+2 Cl-1
What charge ion would each atom
form?
How many of each to make a neutral compou
nd?
![Page 21: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Developing Magnesium Chloride: Mg+2 and Cl-1
The charge of the final compound must be neutral.(The charges must balance)▪ Need TWO Cl-1 ions to balance one Mg+2 ion▪ (2 x -1) = (1 x +2) = 2 minus balances 2 plus
(Criss Cross!) Mg1 Cl2
MgCl2
![Page 22: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Developing
Magnesium Chloride = 1 Mg+2 + 2 Cl-1 => MgCl2
Mg+2 Cl-1
![Page 23: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Developing
Example: Compound name Lithium sulfide …What is the formula?
![Page 24: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Developing
Lithium Sulfide=
Li+1S-2
What charge ion would each atom
form?
How many of each to make a neutral compou
nd?
![Page 25: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Developing Magnesium Chloride: Li+1 and S-2
The charge of the final compound must be neutral.(The charges must balance)▪ Need TWO Li+1 ions to balance one S-2 ion▪ (2 x +1) = (1 x -2) = 2 minus balances 2 plus
(Criss Cross!) Li2 S1
Li 2 S
![Page 26: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Developing
Lithium sulfide = 2 Li+1 + 1 S-2 => Li2S
Li+1
S-2
![Page 27: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Developing
Example: Compound name Aluminum oxide …What is the formula?
![Page 28: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Developing
Aluminum Oxide=
Al+3O-2
What charge ion would each atom
form?
How many of each to make a neutral compou
nd?
![Page 29: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Developing Aluminum Oxide: Al+3 and O-2
The charge of the final compound must be neutral.(The charges must balance)▪ Need TWO Al+3 ions to balance THREE O-2 ions▪ (2 x +3) = (3 x -2) = 6 minus balances 6 plus
(Criss Cross!) Al2 O3 Al 2 O3
![Page 30: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Developing
Boron Oxide = 2 Al+3 + 3 O-2 => Al2O3
B+3 O-2
![Page 31: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Developing
SUMMARY of approach: Determine what charge ion would
form from each element Decide how many of each charge are
needed to have a balanced (neutral) formulaOR do “Criss Cross”
Write formula Subscripts state how many of each ion
are needed
![Page 32: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: KEY POINT
Ionic compound formula describes: One “unit” of the chemical
compound Thus, it is called a “formula unit”
Important definition Example: 3 CaCl2
Three “formula units” of calcium chloride
![Page 33: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Practice
Writing (Balanced) Chemical Formulas
![Page 34: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Continued….
Two more details:
Complex ions: contain more than one element
Transition metals: ionic charges can vary
![Page 35: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Complex Ions
Examples: Acetate is (C2H3O2)-1
▪ Whole group has -1 ionic charge
Carbonate is (CO3 )-2
▪ Whole group has -2 ionic charge
The ENTIRE group has one ionic charge
Acts like a single-atom ion of the same charge
List of common complex ions on the back of your periodic table
![Page 36: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Complex Ions
All but ONE of the common complex ions are negative Phosphate is (PO3)-3
▪ Whole group has -3 ionic charge
Chlorate is (ClO3 )-1
▪ Whole group has -1 ionic charge
THE positive complex ion (worth memorizing) is: Ammonium (NH4)+1
![Page 37: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Developing Magnesium Phosphate: Mg+2 and (PO4)-3
The charge of the final compound must be neutral.(The charges must balance)▪ Need THREE Mg+2 ions to balance TWO (PO4)-3 ions
▪ (3 x +2) = (2 x -3) = 6 minus balances 6 plus
(Criss Cross!) Mg3 (PO4) 2
Mg 3 (PO4)2
![Page 38: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Transition Metals
Ionic charge can vary
How do you know? Listed on Periodic Table “Clue” in name
![Page 39: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Examples of naming for metals with multiple charges
Element Cation Name Pronounced
Copper Cu+
Cu2+
Iron Fe2+
Fe3+
Lead Pb2+
Pb4+
Tin Sn2+
Sn4+
![Page 40: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Examples of naming for metals with multiple charges
Element Cation Name Pronounced
Copper Cu+ Copper (I) copper one
Cu2+
Iron Fe2+
Fe3+
Lead Pb2+
Pb4+
Tin Sn2+
Sn4+
![Page 41: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Examples of naming for metals with multiple charges
Element Cation Name Pronounced
Copper Cu+ Copper (I) copper one
Cu2+ Copper (II) copper two
Iron Fe2+
Fe3+
Lead Pb2+
Pb4+
Tin Sn2+
Sn4+
![Page 42: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Examples of naming for metals with multiple charges
Element Cation Name Pronounced
Copper Cu+ Copper (I) copper one
Cu2+ Copper (II) copper two
Iron Fe2+ Iron (II) iron two
Fe3+ Iron (III) iron three
Lead Pb2+
Pb4+
Tin Sn2+
Sn4+
![Page 43: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Examples of naming for metals with multiple charges
Element Cation Name Pronounced
Copper Cu+ Copper (I) copper one
Cu2+ Copper (II) copper two
Iron Fe2+ Iron (II) iron two
Fe3+ Iron (III) iron three
Lead Pb2+ Lead (II) lead two
Pb4+ Lead (IV) lead four
Tin Sn2+ Tin (II) tin two
Sn4+ Tin (IV) tin four
![Page 44: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Transition Metal Example
Write the chemical formula for Iron (II) Oxide
Step One: Determine the charges Iron (II) = Fe2+ and Oxide = O2-
Step Two: See how to balance the charges
Step Three: Find the combination that balances
Iron (II) Oxide = FeO
![Page 45: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Ionic Formulas: Transition Metal Example
Write the chemical formula for Lead (II) Nitride
Step One: Determine the charges Lead (II) = Pb+2 and Nitride = N-3
Step Two: See how to balance the charges
Step Three: Find the combination that balances
Lead (II) Nitride = Pb3 N2
![Page 46: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
How do you know if you use Roman numerals? Do not use Roman Numerals for groups 1 or 2 as
they are always (+1) and (+2) accordingly.
K = +1 and Ca = +2+1
+2
![Page 47: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
How do you know if you use Roman numerals? Do not use Roman numerals for transition
metals that always form the same charge ion. Ag = +1 and Zn = +2 and Cd = +2
![Page 48: Chem Lab Methods. Chemical Symbols Use the chemical symbol for each element Usually, the element abbreviations come from the word (He for Helium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eba5503460f94bc25fa/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Practice
Ionic Compound Formula Writing (all types)