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Chemical Names and Formulas
Ionic and Molecular Compounds
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Atoms and ions
Atoms are electrically neutral. Same number of protons and electrons. Ions are atoms, or groups of atoms, with a
charge. Different numbers of protons and electrons. Only electrons can move. Gain or lose electrons.
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Cations
Positive ions. Formed by losing electrons. More protons than electrons. Metals form cations.
K+1 Has lost one electron
Ca+2 Has lost two electrons
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Anion
A negative ion. Has gained electrons. Non metals can gain electrons. Charge is written as a super script on the right.
F-1 Has gained one electron
O-2 Has gained two electrons
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Compounds
Follow the Law of Definite Proportion. Have a constant composition. Have to add the same number of atoms every
time. Two types.
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Two Types of Compounds
Molecular compounds Made of molecules. Made by joining nonmetal atoms together into
molecules.
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Two Types of Compounds
Ionic Compounds Made of cations and anions. Metals and nonmetals. The electrons lost by the cation are gained by
the anion. The cation and anions surround each other. Smallest piece is a FORMULA UNIT.
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Two Types of Compounds
Smallest piece
Melting Point
State
Types of elements
Formula Unit Molecule
Metal and Nonmetal
Nonmetals
solidSolid, liquid or gas
High >300ºC Low <300ºC
Ionic Molecular
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Chemical Formulas
Shows the kind and number of atoms in the smallest piece of a substance.
Molecular formula- number and kinds of atoms in a molecule.
CO2
C6H12O6
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Formula Unit
The smallest whole number ratio of atoms in an ionic compound.
Ions surround each other so you can’t say which is hooked to which.
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Charges on ions
For most of the Group A elements, the Periodic Table can tell what kind of ion they will form from their location.
Elements in the same group have similar properties.
Including the charge when they are ions.
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+2
+1
+3 -3 -2 -1
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What about the others?
We have to figure those out some other way
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Naming ions
Cation- if the charge is always the same (Group A) just write the name of the metal.
Transition metals can have more than one type of charge.
Indicate the charge with roman numerals in parenthesis. (II)
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Name these chemical symbols
Na+1 Ca+2 Al+3 Fe+3 Fe+2 Pb+2 Li+1
Sodium ion Calcium ion Aluminum ion Iron (III) ion Iron (II) ion Lead (II) ion Lithium ion
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Write Formulas for these cations
Potassium ion Magnesium ion Copper (II) ion Chromium (VI) ion Barium ion Mercury (II) ion
K+1 Mg +2
Cu+2
Cr+6
Ba+2
Hg+2
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Naming Anions
Anions are always the same. Change the element ending to – ide F-1 Fluorine
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Naming Anions
Anions are always the same. Change the element ending to – ide F-1 Fluorin
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Naming Anions
Anions are always the same Change the element ending to – ide F-1 Fluori
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Naming Anions
Anions are always the same Change the element ending to – ide F-1 Fluor
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Naming Anions
Anions are always the same Change the element ending to – ide F-1 Fluori
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Naming Anions
Anions are always the same Change the element ending to – ide F-1 Fluorid
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Naming Anions
Anions are always the same Change the element ending to – ide F-1 Fluoride
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Name these chemical symbols
Cl-1 N-3 Br-1 O-2
Ga+3
Chloride
Nitride
Bromide
Oxide
Gallium ion
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Write the name of these anions
Sulfide ion iodide ion phosphide ion Strontium ion
S-2
I-1
P-3
Sr+2
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Polyatomic ions
Groups of atoms that stay together and have a charge.
Acetate C2H3O2-1
Nitrate NO3-1
Nitrite NO2-1
Hydroxide OH-1
Permanganate MnO4-
1 Cyanide CN-1
Sulfate SO4-2
Sulfite SO3-2
Carbonate CO3-2
Chromate CrO4-2
Dichromate Cr2O7-2
Phosphate PO4-3
Phosphite PO3-3
Ammonium NH4+1
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Ternary Ionic Compounds
Put parenthesis around polyatomic ions.
NaNO3
CaSO4
CuSO3
NH4O Have at least three elements Identify the cation and anion in the following compounds
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Naming Compounds Things to look for
If cations have (), the number is their charge. If anions end in -ide they are off the periodic
table (Monoatomic) If anion ends in -ate or -ite it is polyatomic
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Writing Formulas
The charges have to add up to zero. Get charges on pieces. Cations from name of table. Anions from table or polyatomic. Balance the charges by adding subscripts. Put polyatomics in parenthesis.
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Writing Formulas
Write the formula for calcium chloride. Calcium is Ca+2 Chloride is Cl-1
Ca+2 Cl-1 would have a +1 charge. Need another Cl-1 Ca+2 Cl2
-1
CaCl2
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Write the formulas for these
Lithium sulfide tin (II) oxide tin (IV) oxide Magnesium fluoride Copper (II) sulfate Iron (III) phosphide gallium nitrate Iron (III) sulfide
Li2S SnO SnO2
MgF2
Cu(SO4) FeP Ga(NO3)3
Fe2S3
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Write the formulas for these
Ammonium chloride ammonium sulfide barium nitrate
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Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Binary Compounds - 2 elements. Ionic - a cation and an anion. To write the names just name the two ions. NaCl = Na+ Cl- = sodium chloride
MgBr2 = Mg+2 Br- = magnesium bromide
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Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
The problem comes with the transition metals. Need to figure out their charges. The compound must be neutral. same number of + and – charges. Use the anion to determine the charge on the
positive ion.
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Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Write the name of CuO Need the charge of Cu O is -2 copper must be +2 Copper (II) oxide Name CoCl3 Cl is -1 and there are three of them = -3 Co must be +3 Cobalt (III) chloride
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Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Write the name of Cu2S. Since S is -2, the Cu2 must be +2, so each one
is +1. copper (I) sulfide Fe2O3 Each O is -2 3 x -2 = -6 2 Fe must = +6, so each is +3. iron (III) oxide
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Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Write the names of the followingKClNa3NCrNSc3P2
PbOPbO2
Na2Se
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Molecular Compounds
Writing names and Formulas
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Molecular compounds
made of just nonmetals smallest piece is a molecule can’t be held together because of opposite
charges. can’t use charges to figure out how many of
each atom
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Easier
Ionic compounds use charges to determine how many of each.– Have to figure out charges.– Have to figure out numbers.
Molecular compounds name tells you the number of atoms.
Uses prefixes to tell you the number
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Prefixes
1 mono- 2 di- 3 tri- 4 tetra- 5 penta- 6 hexa- 7 hepta- 8 octa-
9 nona- 10 deca-
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Prefixes
To write the name write two words
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Prefixes
To write the name write two words
Prefix name Prefix name -ide
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Prefixes
To write the name write two words One exception is we don’t write mono- if there
is only one of the first element. No double vowels when writing names (oa oo)Prefix name Prefix name -ide
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Name These
N2O
NO2
Cl2O7
CBr4
CO2
BaCl2
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Write formulas for these
diphosphorus pentoxide tetraiodide nonoxide sulfur hexaflouride nitrogen trioxide Carbon tetrahydride phosphorus trifluoride aluminum chloride
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Acids
Writing names and Formulas
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Acids
Compounds that give off hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
Must have H in them. will always be some H next to an anion. The anion determines the name.
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Naming acids
If the anion attached to hydrogen is ends in -ide, put the prefix hydro- and change -ide to -ic acid
HCl - hydrogen ion and chloride ion hydrochloric acid H2S hydrogen ion and sulfide ion hydrosulfuric acid
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Naming Acids
If the anion has oxygen in it it ends in -ate of -ite change the suffix -ate to -ic acid HNO3 Hydrogen and nitrate ions
Nitric acid change the suffix -ite to -ous acid HNO2 Hydrogen and nitrite ions
Nitrous acid
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Name these
HF H3P
H2SO4
H2SO3
HCN H2CrO4
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Writing Formulas
Hydrogen will always be first name will tell you the anion make the charges cancel out. Starts with hydro- no oxygen, -ide no hydro, -ate comes from -ic, -ite comes from
-ous
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Write formulas for these
hydroiodic acid acetic acid carbonic acid phosphorous acid hydrobromic acid