Properties of Matter
Chemistry - the study of the properties of matter & how matter changes
Substance a single kind of matter
that is pure Always has a specific
make-up & specific set of properties.
Write 3 examples of substances.
What are the 2 kinds of propertiesevery form of matter has?
Physical Properties & Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed w/out changing it into another substance Ex: water freezing (solid), water (liquid), water
vapor (gas) Hardness, texture, color, ability to dissolve,
luster, conductivity, magnetism, flexibility Physical properties can be used to classify
matter.
Chemical Properties
A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances To do this you must try to change it into another
substance. Flammability, oxidation, tarnishing Chemical properties be used to classify matter.
Chemical Properties
When wood burns, what element does it combine with?
Oxygen!
Flammability is a chemical property of wood.
Chemical Properties
What new substances are produced?
Carbon
dioxide
& ash
Flammability is a chemical property of wood.
Chemical Properties
When iron rusts, what element does it combine with?Oxidation is
a chemical property of iron.
Oxygen!
Chemical Properties
What new substance is produced?
Rust AKA Iron oxide!
Oxidation is a chemical property of iron.
Atoms
The basic particle from which all elements are made.
building blocks of matter Can combine w/ other atoms through
chemical bonds
Molecules – groups of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
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Atoms
In this figure, what does each sphere represent? An atom
How many atoms in a molecule of water?
How many atoms in a molecule of oxygen?
3 atoms
2 atoms
Atoms
What elements make up water? Hydrogen and oxygen
What elements make up carbon dioxide?
What holds atoms together?
Carbon & oxygen
Chemical bonds
Compounds
A pure substance made of 2 or more elements chemically bonded together When elements combine, they form compounds
w/ different properties than their original properties.
What is the ratio of atoms in these compounds?
CO2 CO H2O1 to 2 1 to 1 2 to 1
Mixtures
2 or more substances together in the same place but not chemically combined Each substance keeps its original properties
Heterogeneous mixture
Easily separated You can see all the different parts
Which of these pictures shows a heterogeneous mixture?
Homogeneous mixture
Mixed so evenly you cannot see all the different parts Which of these pictures shows a homogeneous
mixture?
Heterogeneous OR
Homogeneous?
air
Sugar water
brass
saladho
mo
gen
eou
s
ho
mo
gen
eou
s
ho
mo
gen
eou
sh
eter
og
eneo
us
Separating Mixtures
Easy to do because each component keeps its own properties Separate through magnetic attraction, filtration,
distillation or evaporation (see fig. 10)