Download - China
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China
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Geography
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1. The mountain range that separates the Huang and Chang River valleys is called the Qinling Shandi.
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2. Rice is the leading farm product in the south and central part of China, where rainfall is plentiful. Wheat is the principal crop of northern China.
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3. China Proper is the smallest and most historically significant section - the heart of China - and stretches from the eastern seacoast inland.
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4. The three great river systems that wind through China Proper are the Huang, Chang, and Xi.
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5. The Huang River has a yellow tint from the fertile soil of the river valley, which is called loess. The Chinese word for yellow is "huang", which gives the river its name.
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6. While the Chinese did adopt some skills and idea from other peoples, China's geographic isolation helped it to develop a distinct Chinese culture.
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Dynasties
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Shang Dynasty
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1. Neolithic people lived in the Huang valley around 2200 BC.
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2. Invaders from the North, the Shang, invaded around 1500 BC and Chinese culture began.
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3. Shang rulers created a complex bureaucracy - a government organized into different levels and tasks. Today's civil service.
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4. Shang dynasty developed a writing system of special symbols called characters. Each character represents a word. A style became known as calligraphy.
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From Ode of Mulan by [Mi Fei] [Mei Fei] (aka Mi Fu)
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By [Wu Ju]{Wu Chu]
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5. Shang was overrun by the Zhou about 1050 BC.
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Zhou Dynasty
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1. The Mandate of Heaven. The Zhou considered their rulers to be divine. The god of heaven determined who ruled. When overthrown, the ruler lost the "Mandate of Heaven."
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2. Ruled for more than 500 years until overrun by the one of the Warring States, the Qin.
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Qin Dynasty
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1. Lasted only 15 years
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2. "China" from the name of Qin
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3. Established an autocracy - absolute rule of the emperor
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4. Qin emperor force the people to start construction of the Great Wall to keep out invaders
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5. Overthrown by the Han
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Han Dynasty
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1. Ruled for more than 400 years.
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2. Improved upon a centralized civil service system to govern China. Still important in China today.
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3. Long period of peace gave rise trade along the Silk Road. From China to the Mediterranean Sea.
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4. Camel caravans carried jade, silk, and other valuable goods; brought back gold, silver, and wool.
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5. Paper was invented during the Han Dynasty
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6. Finally overrun by nomadic people from the north around AD 220.