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Christianity and the Medieval Mind
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Christianity and Europe• From the Fall of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance,
Christianity “ran” Europe (ca. 500-1500)
• Salvation controlled by the Catholic Church
• Seven sacraments of the church set by Fourth Lateran Council in 1215
• Purgatory added to the church’s theology
• Mysticism—Hildegard of Bingen
• Innocent III—Jonathan Edwards like preacher/pope
• Morality Plays—Christian education for the illiterate
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Dante (1265-1321) wrote his Comedy…a journey from hell to heaven
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Dante’s Divine Comedy
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Dante’s Divine Comedy
Allegorical and literal journey carrying message of warning
Reward or punishment tied to the sin or virtue
Hammurabi–esque system of divine justice
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Medieval Church • 1022 College of Cardinals founded—key in electing a pope
• Excommunication—exclusion from communion…therefore from heaven also
• Interdict—excommunication of a city or country
• Heresy—that which is theologically considered in error
• Crusades—multifaceted endeavor
• Inquisition—established in 1233 to keep church pure
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Monastic Life
St. Francis adds the Franciscans to the Benedictines
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St. Francis’ Renunciationand
Sermon to the Birds
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Conflict Between Church and State
Growing tension between church and state. The church became increasingly upset with the rise of the national states of Europe
Example: Philip IV and Pope Boniface
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Power Struggleover taxes between
Philip IV and Boniface VIII
This was a harbinger of
things to come in the
Renaissance
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Medieval University
University were the natural consequence of the old parish schools set up by Charlemagne centuries before
University of Bologna had a unique idea: students would hire their professors
Notre Dame developed out of a guild for teaching theology
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“Now class, we are adding threads to your butterfly net….”
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Medieval Scholasticism
Scholasticism was the attempt to reconcile the two realms:faith and reason
Peter Abelard in his Sic et Non attempts that balance
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Peter Abelard Sic et Non
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Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologica
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Christianity and the Medieval Mind
Interesting sites:
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hm/07/eu/hm07eu.htm
http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/History_n2/a.html