How one feels about belonging to their cultural group Ethnicity, gender, sexual

orientation Takes into account a

person’s feelings, perceptions & self-image

Identification

Conformity Dissonance Resistance and Immersion Introspection Integrative Awareness

Helms’ White Racial Identity Theory Status

Contact Disintegration Reintegration Pseudo-Independence Immersion/Emersion Autonomy

Bennett’s DMIS Looks at reactions to cultural differences &

fostering intercultural sensitivity Denial Defense Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration

Exposure and experiences with two or more cultures and heritages

Several theories LaFramboise

Develop knowledge of both cultures and a positive belief of oneself

Focus: Navigate 2 cultures

Poston Acknowledge and identify struggles with

bi/multicultural development Address issues of marginality Focus: Perceive value in having a multiple identity

Kerwin-Ponterotto View bicultural/multicultural identity development as

a life-long process Concept of public and private identity Focus: Continued exploration of both cultures