Download - Cimate Change 101 Updated MAY 2010
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Understanding Climate
ChangeISMAEL T. MANALIGODChief, Legal Division
DENR Region 02
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Outline of the Presentation
1. Basic information on climate change
Reason for climate change
Green House Gases (GHG) Sources Impacts/Effects of Climate Change
hilippine !ulnera"ilities to climate
change#. $a%s for a greener lifest%le
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BYWORDS OF THE TIME:
1. CLIMATE CHANGE
2. GLOBAL WARMING
3. GREEN HOUSE GAS
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WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE ?
CLIMATE CHANGEIS THE CHANGE IN CLIMATEWHICH IS ATTRIBUTABLE DIRECTLY TO HUMAN ACTIVITY THAT
ALTERS THE COMPOSITION OF THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE
AND WHICH IS IN ADDITION TO NATURAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY
OBSERVED OVER COMPARABLE TIME PERIODS.
- ACCORDING TO THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON
CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC) CLIMATE CHANGE REFERS TOANY CHANGE IN CLIMATE OVER TIME, WHETHER DUE TO
NATURAL VARIABILITY OR AS A RESULT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY.
CLIMATE CHANGE IS ATTRIBUTED BY SCIENTISTS
TO INCREASE IN GLOBAL TEMPERATURE,
COMMONLY KNOWN AS GLOBAL WARMING.
United Nations
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IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
1. SE& 'E!E' RISE
#. SE!ERE R*GH+
,. HE&!- RECII+&+I
. SRE& 0 !EC+RBRE ISE&SES
2. 0'IG
3. CE& &CII0IC&+I
4. 0 SHR+&GE
5. $&+ER SC&RCI+-
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WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING ?
GLOBAL WARMING, IN TURN, IS DUE TOTHE INCREASE IN GREEN HOUSE GASESIN THE ATMOSPHERE. AS A RESULT, WE
SEE AN ABNORMAL WARMING OF THETEMPERATURE OR OVERHEATING OF THE
EARTH.
THE RIGHT AMOUNT OF GREENHOUSE GASES IS
IMPORTANT TO AVOID THE COOLING OF THE EARTH. THEY
ACT LIKE A NATURAL BLANKET AROUND THE EARTH,
TRAPPING HEAT, MUCH LIKE THE GLASS ROOF OF A
GREENHOUSE. NOW, HOWEVER, WE HAVE AN
OVERSUPPLY OF GREENHOUSE GASES IN THE
ATMOSPHERE
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Greenhouse 6arming ma7es earthha"ita"le8 $ithout C#9 Earth:s mean temperature
6ill "e a"out 15;;C (no li
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hilippine temperatures
2.!
2".#
2".2
2".
2".$
2".!
2$.#
2$.2
2$.
2$.$
2$.!
%# %&%# %&2# %&'# % %&"# %&$# % %&!# %& 2###
Tempea!"e#oC$
2".2
2".
2".$
2".!
2$.#
2$.2
2$.
2$.$
2$.!
1901-10 1911-20 1921-30 1931-40 1941-50 1951-60 1961-70 1971-80 1981-90
Temperatre!C
"
L*+
V/0/
M1//+
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Source: 199 !"#$#%%#&e GHG
I&'e&(or)
TOTAL#TOTAL#$%%&'() *t CO$%%&'() *t CO++
!,%&%() *t CO+"!'&%- *t CO+"
!((&$(% *t CO+" !$%&/%( *t CO+"
GHGSoures
$$0
'0
((0
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CLIMATE CHANGE 1 CHANGE IN CLIMATEattri2ta23e dire4t35 to 6man a4ti7it5 t6at a3ters t6e 4omposition o8t6e 93o2a3 atmosp6ere and :6i46 is in addition to natra3 43imate7aria2i3it5 o2ser7ed o7er 4ompara23e time periods.
CLIMATE CHANGE
GLOBAL WARMING!In4rease in G3o2a3 Temperatre"
GLOBAL WARMING!In4rease in Green Hose Gasses"
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GREENHOUSE GASES AN; HOW ARE THE< EMITTE;INTO THE ATMOS=HERE?
NATURAL GREENHOUSE GASES
IN ITS NATURAL STATE,
CARBON ;IO>I;E IS PRODUCED BY VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS, FOREST FIRES AND MACHINERIES USINGFOSSIL FUELS.
METHANE IS EMITTED FROM DECAYING PLANTS ANDANIMALS.
NITROUS O>I;E, ON THE OTHER HAND, RESULTS FROMBACTERIAL BREAKDOWN OF NITROGEN IN SOILS AND
OCEANS.
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GREENHOUSE GASES AN; HOW ARE THE< EMITTE;INTO THE ATMOS=HERE?
OTHER SOURCES OF
CARBON ;IO>I;E WHICH ACCOUNTS FOR $# OF THETOTAL GREEN HOUSE GASES DUE TO THE USE OF FOSSIL
FUELS, BY POWER PLANTS, INDUSTRIES AND VEHICLES AND
OTHER MACHINERIES.
METHANE IS THE SECOND MOST COMMON GREENHOUSEGAS, ACCOUNTING FOR 2# OF THE ADDITIONAL
GREENHOUSE EFFECT EMITTED BY DECOMPOSITION OF
GARBAGE AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES, AND NATURAL GASPRODUCTION.
NITROUS O>I;EIS PRODUCED FROM THE USE OF NITROGENFERTILI3ER AND PESTICIDES.
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MEN ALSO INTRODUCED THREE (') NEW GREENHOUSE
GASES
THE HALUORI;E IS USED MOSTLY IN ELECTRICINSULATORS.
IN ADDITION, MAN HAS ;ESTRO
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Car"on =io?i=e @ethane
itrous ?i=e
T6ese are natra335 8ond in t6eatmosp6ere and t6e5 trap 6eat 43ose to
t6e Eart6@s sr8a4e.
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CARBON ;IO>I;E METHANE
NITROUS O>I;E
Ba4teria3 Brea*do:n o8 Nitro9enin Soi3s and O4ean
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CARBON ;IO>I;E Brnin9 o8 ossi3 e3s!Oi3& Coa3" 25 =o:erp3ants& Indstries ande6i43es
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Met6ane ;e4omposition o8 Gar2a9e and A9ri43tra3Waste Materia3s& Lea*s in Coa3 Minin9 and Natra3 Gas=rod4tion
A44onts 8or +%0 o8 additiona3 9reen6ose e88e4ts
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Nitros Oide#
5Ba4teria3 Brea*do:n o8 Nitro9en in Soi3s and O4eans
5Use o8 Nitro9en erti3iDer and =esti4ides in A9ri43tre5Biomass Brnin95Com2stion =ro4ess e6i43es5A4id =rod4tion
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H5dro83oro4ar2onsH5dro83oro4ar2ons!HCs"!HCs"
=er83oro4ar2ons=er83oro4ar2ons!=Cs"!=Cs"
S38r 6ea83orideS38r 6ea83oride!S/!S/
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Red4e a2i3it5 o8 E4os5stem to A2sor2
Green6ose Gasses
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Greenhouse Gases
!ater "a#or Car$on %io&ide
'CO()
Methane 'CH* )
Nitrous O&ide 'NO()
Sulfur he&afluoride'SF+)
H,drofluoroar$ons'HFCs)
Perfluoroar$ons'PFCs)
Chlorofluoroar$ons 'CFCs)
Hman Sor4es o8Green6ose Gases
!GHG"C/67+ D+819 (CO2)
: M+; 9;
GHG
M9;?/9 (CH) :
S9@+1 +;
@++, 2%8 ;?9
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The sources of these air pollutants are closelymonitored using pollutants monitoring devices.
Mobile Sourceswhich refers to thevehicles;
Point Sourceswhich refers to stationary
sources such as industrial plants, hotelsand power plants powered by Coal andDiesel.
Area Sourcesrefers to burning of garbage
dust from construction and unpaved roads.
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IM=ACTS O CLIMATE CHANGE
MELTING O GLACIERS IN THE NORTH POLE,ANTARCTICA AND OTHER FRO3EN AREAS. THIS
WILL LEAD TO INCREASES IN THE SEA LEVELS.
THE CONSEUENCES IS THE INUNDATION AND
FLOODING OF LOW-LYING AREAS.
SMALL ISLANDS MAY EVEN DISAPPEAR. THE
ACCELERATION IN MELTING HAS ACTUALLY
BEGAN.
SINCE %&, A TOTAL OF %', "## S. KMS. OF ICE
SHELVES HAVE DISINTEGRATED IN THE
ANTARCTIC =ENINSULA.
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IM=ACTS O CLIMATE CHANGE
GLOBAL WARMING AECTS SEASONAL =ATTERNSAN; CAUSE ;ISRU=TIONS IN AGRICULTURAL=RO;UCTIONTHAT RELIES HEAVILY ON THE NORMALSEASONAL CYCLE OF PLANTING AND HARVESTING.
DISRUPTS THE FEEDING HABITS, MIGRATION AND
REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS OF ANIMALS.
IN ADDITION, E4TREME WEATHER EVENTS LIKE THE
EL NIO AN; LA NIA. LEAD TO DECREASEDPRODUCTIVITY AND FOOD SHORTAGE.
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In Aul% 129 a heat6a>e in Chicago9 *S9 cause=In Aul% 129 a heat6a>e in Chicago9 *S9 cause=
21 heatrelate= =eaths an= ,9, e?cess21 heatrelate= =eaths an= ,9, e?cessemergenc% a=missionsemergenc% a=missions
Historic #, heat6a>e in Europe ha= ta7en o>erHistoric #, heat6a>e in Europe ha= ta7en o>er#9 more =eaths (from 6hich 19 occurre=#9 more =eaths (from 6hich 19 occurre=
in 0rench) than usual for that time of %earin 0rench) than usual for that time of %ear(WHO,2004)(WHO,2004)
Hurricane Datrina on &ugust #2 in rleans9 *S9Hurricane Datrina on &ugust #2 in rleans9 *S9ha= ta7en life of 195,3 people an= houses of tensha= ta7en life of 195,3 people an= houses of tensthousan=sthousan=s
C,lone Nargis on Ma, (--. in M,anmarC,lone Nargis on Ma, (--. in M,anmaraused atastro#hi destrution /ithaused atastro#hi destrution /ithhundreds of thousands deaths0hundreds of thousands deaths0
He*$(" #+%*c(, o- c$#+*(e '*r#*#$#() / c"*&0e
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Human "eings are e?pose= to CC throughHuman "eings are e?pose= to CC through
changing 6eather patterns (temperature9changing 6eather patterns (temperature9
precipitation9 seale>el rise an= moreprecipitation9 seale>el rise an= more
freents) an= in=irectl%freents) an= in=irectl%
through changes in 6ater9 air an= foo=through changes in 6ater9 air an= foo=
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PHILIPPINEPHILIPPINE
1ULNE2A3ILIT41ULNE2A3ILIT4TO CLIMATETO CLIMATE
CHANGECHANGE
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=HILI==INE ULNERABILIT< TO CLIMATE CHANGE
PHILIPPINES IS A COUNTRY THAT IS VULNERABLETO THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE.
OUR COUNTRY LIES IN THE =ACIIC T
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=HILI==INE ULNERABILIT< TO CLIMATE CHANGE
THE PHILIPPINES IS AN ARCHIPELAGIC COUNTRY
WITH MANY SMALL ISLANDS.
WITH ONE OF THE LONGEST COASTLINES IN THE
WORLD AT '2, ## KILOMETERS, WE HAVE MANYCOASTAL AREAS THAT ARE VULNERABLE TO STORM
SURGES.
THE PHILIPPINES IS STILL PRIMARILY AN
AGRICULTURAL AND FISHING ECONOMY.
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=HILI==INES RES=ONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE
5SIGNED AND RATIFIED BOTH THE UNITED NATIONSCONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE F9/ A6 A@;
5PROGRESSIVELY IMPLEMENT BIOUELS =ROGRAMS
SUCH AS ETHANOL, COCO-DIESEL, AND ATHROPA.MI4ES WITH MOTOR FUEL TO PRODUCE CLEANER
VEHICULAR EMISSIONS. RE=UBLIC ACT NO. -/('
continuation
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=HILI==INES RES=ONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE
5ENCOURAGING THE USE O COM=RESSE; NATURALGAS.
5RECENTLY, THE DENR, DA AND DAR SIGNED A
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING WITH A CHINESEINVESTORS FOR THE PROVISION OF ONE MILLION
HECTARES FOR THE =LANTING O CORN OR ETHANOL.
continuation
5ENFORCEMENT OF EMISSION STANDARDS FORVEHICLES AND INDUSTRIES
continuation
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=HILI==INES RES=ONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE
5ASSISTING THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS IN SOLI;WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OFSANITARY LANDFILL SITES NATIONWIDE.
continuation
5ACTIVELY PURSUING THE SHIT TO RENEWABLESOURCES, LIKE WIND, WATER, NATURAL
5IMPLEMENTING A GREEN =HILI==INE =ROGRAM THATWILL PUT VEGETATION ALL OVER THE PHILIPPINES.
5ACCELERATING THE GEOHAAR; MA==ING =ROECTTO IDENTIFY AND DETERMINE AREAS MOST VULNERABLE
TO LANDSLIDES, SO THAT COMMUNITIES CAN BE
FORWARDED OF POTENTIAL DANGER.
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A;MINISTRATIE OR;ER NO. $'$
ON FEBRUARY 2#, 2##&, THE PRESIDENT SIGNED
A;MINISTRATIE OR;ER NO. $'$ WHICH CREATEDTHE =RESI;ENT TASF ORCE ON CLIMATE CHANGE
!=TCC".
THE TASK FORCE IS TASKED TO ACT WITH RESOLVE
AND URGENCY IN ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF
CLIMATE CHANGE, MITIGATE ITS IMPACT AND ADAPT
TO ITS EFFECTS.
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henomenonhenomenonFFCreeping Climate ChangeCreeping Climate Change
55C2EEPING6 CLIMATE CHANGEC2EEPING6 CLIMATE CHANGE
Fre7uen,Fre7uen, ## t%phoons## t%phoons
per %ear getting strongerper %ear getting stronger
LossesLosses hp 5 "illionhp 5 "illion
annuall% (propert% an=annuall% (propert% an=
agriculture)agriculture)
So#eSo#e 142 to ##142 to ##
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Su#er t,#hoonsSu#er t,#hoons88 n=o%9 @ilen%o9n=o%9 @ilen%o9Reming9 Sen%ang an= ueenieReming9 Sen%ang an= ueenie
55C2EEPING6 CLIMATE CHANGEC2EEPING6 CLIMATE CHANGE
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More
precipitationfrom increased
evaporation due
to higher temp
Annual
mean
precipitatio
n expected
to increase
about 14%
in East Asia
but this is
not
distributed
evenly in
the region
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Inundate
etlands and
other lo lying
lands
Erode beaches
Intensify flooding
Increase the
salinity of rivers!
bays and
groundater
tables
"ising #ea$evels
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8 !inter tem#s /illhange more thansummer tem#s0
inimum daily
temp ill increase
more than max
daily temp
$and ill arm
more than oceans!
causing stronger
monsoon
Higher latitudes andaltitudes /illeeriene greater/arming
Num$er of frostda,s /ill deline9
#rei#itation morerain that sno/fall
&ased on the I'((
middle range
scenario!entire East Asia
"egion ill
experience
temperature riseof about )%*( by
end of the century
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AcrossSociety%"lnea&le se'!os
Agriculture
Freshwater
Health
Biodiversity Forests
ENSO drought events and rice
(oC in'ease lea)s !o(*+ )e'ease in i'e iel)
From: www.sciencentral.com: Cassman !""! National Academy o# Sciences
http://www.sciencentral.com/http://www.sciencentral.com/ -
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PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINES
2ESPONSES TO2ESPONSES TOCLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE
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=HILI==INES RES=ONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE
5SIGNED AND RATIFIED BOTH THE UNITED NATIONSCONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE F9/ A6 A@;
5PROGRESSIVELY IMPLEMENT BIOUELS =ROGRAMS
SUCH AS ETHANOL, COCO-DIESEL, AND ATHROPA.MI4ES WITH MOTOR FUEL TO PRODUCE CLEANER
VEHICULAR EMISSIONS. RE=UBLIC ACT NO. -/('
continuation
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=HILI==INES RES=ONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE
5ENCOURAGING THE USE O COM=RESSE; NATURALGAS.
5RECENTLY, THE DENR, DA AND DAR SIGNED A
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING WITH A CHINESE
INVESTORS FOR THE PROVISION OF ONE MILLION
HECTARES FOR THE =LANTING O CORN OR ETHANOL.
continuation
5ENFORCEMENT OF EMISSION STANDARDS FORVEHICLES AND INDUSTRIES
continuation
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=HILI==INES RES=ONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE
5ASSISTING THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS IN SOLI;WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OFSANITARY LANDFILL SITES NATIONWIDE.
5ACTIVELY PURSUING THE SHIT TO RENEWABLESOURCES, LIKE WIND, WATER, NATURAL
5IMPLEMENTING A GREEN =HILI==INE =ROGRAM THATWILL PUT VEGETATION ALL OVER THE PHILIPPINES.
5ACCELERATE THE GEOHAAR; MA==ING =ROECTTOIDENTIFY AND DETERMINE AREAS MOST VULNERABLE TO
LANDSLIDES, SO THAT COMMUNITIES CAN BE
FORWARDED OF POTENTIAL DANGER.
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Miti9ation measres and strate9ies5 Ener95 and Transport#
5 R99/7>9 9960 (+>/6, 1, 7+/, ;19,
?016+, 9;@)5 E960 9@9@0, @+96=/;+
5 A>;96/;=9 9>
5 P7>@ ;6/1 /;9 /1 /;9/;96 ;
5 M9;?/9 @//1 9 /
5 A9ri43tre
5 A6@>;6/> 6919 ;
5 A/> /;9 ;
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I@&C+S 0 C'I@&+E CH&GE
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TheThe Thames BarrierThames Barrier, a major ood defense, a major ood defense
system in London designed to be used oncesystem in London designed to be used once
every two to three yearsevery two to three years is now being usedis now being used
six times a year due to increasedsix times a year due to increased
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An anal,sis of :- ,ears /eather $alloon data ha"eAn anal,sis of :- ,ears /eather $alloon data ha"esho/n thatsho/n that the air o"er Antartia is /arming e"enthe air o"er Antartia is /arming e"enfaster than in other #arts of the /orldfaster than in other #arts of the /orld0 The /eather0 The /eather$alloon data sho/ a /arming of -0; degree to
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Last arch !""#,Last arch !""#,"yclone #arry"yclone #arry$$the worstthe worstcyclone to hitcyclone to hit
$ueensland$ueenslandsince %&'%since %&'%, left, leftan unbelievablean unbelievablelevel oflevel ofdestruction,destruction,devastation anddevastation and
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&n&n "hina"hina,, at leastat least'00,000 people'00,000 people
are short ofare short ofdrin(ing waterdrin(ing waterbecause ofbecause of
unseasonablyunseasonablywarm weatherwarm weatherasasChina e'periencesChina e'periencesits warmest winterits warmest winter
for (" years, whichfor (" years, whicho)icials lin% too)icials lin% toclimate change.climate change.
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"ser>e= Impacts"ser>e= Impacts
Glaier degenerationGlaier degeneration
G>/@96 /69/
+6;?9; C?/
?/=9 19@69/91
70 2% @9 ;?9
>;;>9 @9 /9
DH,2##"
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5T6e :ater 3e7e3so8 some 6i96p3atea in3and3a*es 6a7e risen&
s2mer9in9pastre
5T6e perma8rostin Ti2et 6as
9otten t6inner 25p to +, meters
O2ser7ed Impa4ts
Impacts on Coastal JoneImpacts on Coastal Jone
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Impacts on Coastal JoneImpacts on Coastal Jone
Large areas of the Mekong, RedLarge areas of the Mekong, Red
River deltas and Central coastalRiver deltas and Central coastalzone would be inundated due to seazone would be inundated due to sealevel rise.level rise.
Coastal & estuarine wetlandsCoastal & estuarine wetlands
would be affected due to frequentwould be affected due to frequentfloods, severe drought & salinityfloods, severe drought & salinityCa Mau, !o Chi Minh City, "ungCa Mau, !o Chi Minh City, "ung#au and $a% inh'#au and $a% inh'
Livelihood of coastal (o(ulationLivelihood of coastal (o(ulationwill be affected by %ore severewill be affected by %ore severestor%s, flood, drought and sea levelstor%s, flood, drought and sea levelrise.rise.
P i$l I tP i$l I t
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Possi$le Im#ats onPossi$le Im#ats on
AgriultureAgriultureR@9 09>1 2#!#
*+y !"(", the overall+y !"(", the overall
crop productivity incrop productivity in
China can decreaseChina can decrease
-"/ if no action is-"/ if no action ista%en. +y the second halfta%en. +y the second half
of the !st century,of the !st century,
climate change canclimate change can
cause yield reduction incause yield reduction inrice, mai0e and wheat uprice, mai0e and wheat up
to (1/. &n the ne'tto (1/. &n the ne't
!"-" years,!"-" years,
agricultural productionagricultural production
may be seriouslymay be seriously
H
He*$(" #+%*c(, o- c$#+*(e '*r#*#$#() / c"*&0e
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In Aul% 129 a heat6a>e in Chicago9 *S9 cause=In Aul% 129 a heat6a>e in Chicago9 *S9 cause=21 heatrelate= =eaths an= ,9, e?cess21 heatrelate= =eaths an= ,9, e?cessemergenc% a=missionsemergenc% a=missions
Historic #, heat6a>e in Europe ha= ta7en o>erHistoric #, heat6a>e in Europe ha= ta7en o>er#9 more =eaths (from 6hich 19 occurre= in#9 more =eaths (from 6hich 19 occurre= in0rench) than usual for that time of %ear0rench) than usual for that time of %ear (WHO,2004)(WHO,2004)
Hurricane Datrina on &ugust #2 in rleans9 *S9Hurricane Datrina on &ugust #2 in rleans9 *S9ha= ta7en life of 195,3 people an= houses of tensha= ta7en life of 195,3 people an= houses of tensthousan=sthousan=s
C,lone Nargis on Ma, (--. in M,anmarC,lone Nargis on Ma, (--. in M,anmaraused atastro#hi destrution /ith hundredsaused atastro#hi destrution /ith hundredsof thousands deaths0of thousands deaths0
He*$(" #+%*c(, o- c$#+*(e '*r#*#$#() / c"*&0e
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Human "eings are e?pose= to CC throughHuman "eings are e?pose= to CC through
changing 6eather patterns (temperature9changing 6eather patterns (temperature9
precipitation9 seale>el rise an= moreprecipitation9 seale>el rise an= morefreents) an= in=irectl%freents) an= in=irectl%
through changes in 6ater9 air an= foo=through changes in 6ater9 air an= foo=
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T6e =6i3ippines 6asnot 2een spared o8
t6e :eat6erre3ateddistr2an4es anddisasters. T6e past
t5p6oons 6a7e 2eennsa335 6ea75 and6a7e 2ro96tde7astation to or4ontr5 and orpeop3e.
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In %eem$er ofIn %eem$er of
(--:9 at least(--:9 at least
(-- #eo#le died(-- #eo#le diedfrom landslidesfrom landslides
and floodingand flooding
after /eafter /e
eeriened theeeriened thehea"iest rainfallhea"iest rainfall
in (= ,ears0in (= ,ears0
)n three days of storm, more than a)n three days of storm, more than a
meter of rain fell in Surigao "ity * moremeter of rain fell in Surigao "ity * more
than three times the monthly averagethan three times the monthly average
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)n !00+, the death toll stood at)n !00+, the death toll stood at
+%!, with % people missing,+%!, with % people missing,
after typhoon -innie triggeredafter typhoon -innie triggeredlandslides and .ash .oodslandslides and .ash .oods
)n $ue/on alone, %%+ died in)n $ue/on alone, %%+ died in
eal, %00 in )nfanta, and &! ineal, %00 in )nfanta, and &! in1eneral 2a(ar1eneral 2a(ar
In Fe$ruar, of (--+9 an estimated
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In Fe$ruar, of (--+9 an estimated
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In Septem2er +)& +%%/& sperIn Septem2er +)& +%%/& spert5p6oon Mi3en5o t6e stron9estt5p6oon Mi3en5o t6e stron9estt5p6oon to 6it Metro Mani3a in se7ent5p6oon to 6it Metro Mani3a in se7en5ears& 4t a4ross LDon& 3ea7in9 at5ears& 4t a4ross LDon& 3ea7in9 at3east $) peop3e dead3east $) peop3e dead
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ARIABILIT< IN TEM=ERATURE
;ISRU=T C
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JLOO;ING
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ARIABILIT< IN TEM=ERATURE J E>TREME WEATHER EENTS
CALAMITIES AN; ;ISASTERS
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CALAMITIES AN; ;ISASTERS#
ARIABILIT< IN TEM=ERATURE J ;EASTATIONS AN; HIGHCOST O LIES AN; =RO=ERTIES
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HE&'+H RISDS
ARIABILIT< IN TEM=ERATURE J HEATWAES KE>TREME COL;ARIABILIT< IN TEM=ERATURE J HEATWAES KE>TREME COL;RONTSRONTS
HIGH RISF OR THE OL;& THE SICF& CHIL;REN AN; THE =OOR HIGH RISF OR THE OL;& THE SICF& CHIL;REN AN; THE =OOR
ECOS
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T,#hoons and Floods
The Philippines is located in the typhoon belt.
An ae!a"e o# 20 typhoonsisit the co$nt!y
ee!y yea! and incidents o# #loodin" a!ehi"he! in the co$nt!y than any%he!e else.
Source: PAGASA
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LAN;SLI;ES MU; LOWS
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Developing'o"n!ies li-e
!he hilippines/ill &e hi!
ha)es!.
Thee is a nee) fomoe ee'!ivemi!iga!ion an)
a)ap!a!ion
meas"es !opepae fo !he
ee'!s of CLIMATEC1ANGE
SALTWATER
INTRUSION
2##'
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(+&%% Fi3ometers& Lon9est Coast3ine
THE TIPPING POINTTHE TIPPING POINT
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Current level of atmosphericCurrent level of atmosphericconcentration of GHG:concentration of GHG:,4# ppm,4# ppm
THE TIPPING POINTTHE TIPPING POINT
Scientists report:Scientists report:B% #29B% #29the 6orl= 6oul= reach thethe 6orl= 6oul= reach the
tipping point of irre>ersi"letipping point of irre>ersi"le
climate changeclimate change
Ie a#s /ill melt9 raising seaIe a#s /ill melt9 raising sea
le"els $, + to > metersle"els $, + to > meters
At *=- ##m9 /eather #atters /ill $eAt *=- ##m9 /eather #atters /ill $e
disru#ted9 ausing stronger t,#hoonsdisru#ted9 ausing stronger t,#hoons
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEEFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
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EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEEFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Half of the countr%:s 1931 municipalities areHalf of the countr%:s 1931 municipalities are
locate= along our coastline 6ith 5K of thelocate= along our coastline 6ith 5K of the
population =epen=ent on seafoo=.population =epen=ent on seafoo=.
Mala$on?Na"otas Area@Mala$on?Na"otas Area@ 4meter rise4meter rise
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEEFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
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& onemeter& onemeter
increase in seaincrease in sea
le>el coul=le>el coul=
=estro% or=estro% or
=rasticall%=rasticall%
affect li>ingaffect li>ing
con=itions in 3con=itions in 3
of the countr%:sof the countr%:s51 pro>inces.51 pro>inces.
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEEFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Moe in!ense an) longe)o"gh!s sin'e (30
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$irectO%servations o#"ecent Climate
Change
Thee is o&seva!ionalevi)en'e of in'easein!ensi! of !opi'al ''lonea'!ivi! in !he No!h A!lan!i'sin'e (30 'oela!e) /i!h!he in'ease in sea s"fa'e!empea!"e.
Col) )as, 'ol)nigh!s an) fos! have&e'ome less fe4"en!.5hile ho! )as, ho!nigh!s, an) hea!/aves have &e'omemoe fe4"en!.
Source: IPCC 4thAssessment Report: Summary for Policy-makers
)o"gh!s sin'e (30pa!i'"lal in !he !opi's an)s"&!opi's )"e !o in'ease in!empea!"e an) )e'ease inpe'ipi!a!ion.
!A2 FOOTING!A2 FOOTING
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UNFCCCUNFCCC
Strategies@Strategies@
@itigation@itigation car"on cutting car"on cutting
&=aptation&=aptation
a=apting s%stems a=apting s%stems
to climate changeto climate change
!A2 FOOTING!A2 FOOTING
!A2 FOOTING!A2 FOOTING
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!A2 FOOTING!A2 FOOTING
E>er% citiLen to "e onE>er% citiLen to "e onF6ar footingF6ar footingagainst climate changeagainst climate change
F+otal mo"iliLation+otal mo"iliLation
of all sectors inof all sectors in
or=er to a"ort the tipping pointor=er to a"ort the tipping point
!e an res#ond!e an res#ond
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!e an res#ond!e an res#ond
Ri=e a "i7e or 6al7 6hen
going short =istances
Report smo7e"elching>ehicles to '+9 &ntiSmo7eBelching *nit
Chec7 the energ% efficienc%rating of the appliances
+urn ff %our computer an=unplug appliances 6hen not inuse
&>oi= o>ercharging %ourmo"ile hone
!e an res#ond!e an res#ond
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'ights on onl% 6hen nee=e='ights on onl% 6hen nee=e=
Clean "ul"s/lamps at all timesClean "ul"s/lamps at all times
Change %our light "ul"s. *se compact fluorescent light (C0')Change %our light "ul"s. *se compact fluorescent light (C0')
instea= of incan=escent "ul"s. C0's use up 42K lessinstea= of incan=escent "ul"s. C0's use up 42K less
electricit% an= last up to 1, times longerelectricit% an= last up to 1, times longer
!e an res#ond!e an res#ond
!e an res#ond!e an res#ond
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!e an res#onde a es#o d
&>oi= ta7ing ari=e on smo7e"elching tric%cles9"uses9 ta?is an=
Meepne%s
!e an res#ond!e an res#ond
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Segregate the 6aste at source into"io=egra=a"les9 non"io=egra=a"les
Rec%cle paper9 cartons9 "ottles9 E+plastic9 pieces of metal9 etc.
Deep can=% 6rappers an= other small6aste in %our poc7et
Reuse scrap paper9 reuse re>erse page
pt for rec%cle= paper an= paperpro=ucts
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MinimiBe the use of dis#osa$leMinimiBe the use of dis#osa$leutleries and #lates during #artiesutleries and #lates during #arties
!hen riding a $oat or an, /ater!hen riding a $oat or an, /ater
"ehile9 do not thro/ an,thing into the"ehile9 do not thro/ an,thing into the
/ater e"en if the material is/ater e"en if the material is
$iodegrada$le$iodegrada$le
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Car$on sinsCar$on sins DD treetree
plantings ur"an greeningplantings ur"an greening
A tree living #or &' years
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A tree living #or &' yearswill generate (h)*&+,-&'
worth o# oygen )rovide(h)/0&/''' millionworth
o# air )ollution controlcontrol soil erosion and
increase soil #ertilityto thetune o# (h)*&+,-&'recycle (h)*+*/&''
worth o# waterand )rovide
a home #or animalswortho# (h)*&+/-01.-0. 2his
3gure does not include thevalue o# the #ruits lum%eror %eauty derived #rom.4ust another sensi%le
reason to ta5e care o# our#orests.
Source: (ro#essor 2.6. $as 7niversity o# Calcutta !ndia amount have%een converted #rom 7.S. $ollars to (eso at (h)&*.''
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION