Download - Circulatory System - The Heart
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THEHEART
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
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• muscular organ
• size of a closed fist
• weigh appr. 250 to 350 grams
• BASE is attached to the aorta, pulmonary arteries and veins, and the vena cava.
• APEX of the heart rests superior to the diaphragm.
THE HEART OVERVIEW
BASE
APEX
AORTA
SUPERIORVENA CAVA
PULMONARY ARTERY
INFERIORVENA CAVA
PULMONARY VEINS
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• circulatory pump
– takes in deoxygenated blood through the veins and delivers it to the lungs for oxygenation
– blood is pumped into the various arteries (which provide oxygen and nutrients to body tissues by transporting the blood throughout the body).
THE HEART OVERVIEW
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THE HEART LOCATION
LUNGS
HEART
LIVER
DIAPHRAGM
ESOPHAGUS
T8VERTEBRA
STERNUM
• Posterior to the sternum
• Anterior to the esophagus and vertebra
• Medial to the lungs
• 2/3 left, 1/3 right
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THE HEART LOCATION
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THE HEART PERICARDIUM
• Prevent friction between beating heart and organs
• Holds the heart in position and maintains a hollow space for expansion when full.
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THE HEART HEART WALL
• EPICARDIUM – outermost layer, same as visceral layer of pericardium.
• MYOCARDIUM – muscular middle layer of the heart.
• ENDOCARDIUM – simple squamous epithelium lining the inside of the heart.
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• short, fat, branched and interconnected.
• interlock at dark-staining junctions called intercalated discs.
• gap junctions allow ions to pass
• muscles behave like a single coordinated unit.
THE HEART CARDIAC MUSCLESCARDIAC MUSCLE CELL
INTERCALATED DISC
DESMOSOME
GAP JUNCTION
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THE HEART CARDIAC MUSCLES
CARDIACMUSCLE
SKELETALMUSCLE
Structure Short, fat, branched,Interconnected
Long, cylindrical,multinucleate
Means of Stimulation
Nerve StimulusSelf-excitable
Nerve stimulus
Contraction Contract as a unit Individually activated
Refractory period
200 ms 1-2 ms
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MITRAL VALVE
TRICUSPID VALVE
AORTICVALVE
PULMONARY VALVE
Chordaetendineae
THE HEART VALVES
• Prevents the blood from flowing backwards or regurgitating back into the heart.
• Two types:
– Atrioventricular (AV) valve
– Semilunar valve
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THE HEART VALVES
Atrioventricular or AV Valve
Tricuspid – right side
Mitral – left side
prevent backflow into the atria when
the ventricles contract.
MITRAL VALVE
TRICUSPID VALVE
AORTICVALVE
PULMONARY VALVE
Chordaetendineae
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THE HEART VALVES
Semilunar Valve
Aortic– left side
Pulmonary – right side
blood flows from ventricles to the arteries
MITRAL VALVE
TRICUSPID VALVE
AORTICVALVE
PULMONARY VALVE
Chordaetendineae
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THE HEART CHAMBERS
ATRIA
VENTRICLES
• receiving chambers for blood
• smaller and less muscular than ventricles
• larger, stronger• pumps blood out of the
heart
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THE HEART CHAMBERS
RIGHT ATRIUM
• deoxygenated blood(body)• FROM:
superior/inferior vena cavacoronary sinus
• PUMPTS TO:right ventricle
• THROUGH THE:tricuspid valve
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
TRICUSPID VALVE
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THE HEART CHAMBERS
RIGHT VENTRICLE
• deoxygenated blood• FROM:
right atrium• PUMPTS TO:
pulmonary artery• THROUGH THE:
tricuspid valve (in)pulmonary valve(out)
PULMONARY ARTERY
TRICUSPID VALVE
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THE HEART CHAMBERS
LEFT ATRIUM
• oxygenated blood (lungs)• FROM:
left /right pulmonary veins• PUMPTS TO:
left ventricle• THROUGH THE:
mitral valve
MITRAL VALVE
PULMONARY VEINS
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THE HEART CHAMBERS
LEFT VENTRICLE
• oxygenated blood• FROM:
left atrium• PUMPTS TO:
aorta (to the body)• THROUGH THE:
mitral valve (in)aortic valve(out)
AORTA
MITRAL VALVE