Cities Safer by Design: Guidelines for safe road design for cities
Bhubaneswar19th September 2016
Nikhil ChaudharySenior Project Associate – Urban Transport & Road Safety WRI India
Reported Traffic Fatality Rates in Selected Global Cities
Reported Traffic Fatality rate per 100,000 population
2. Chennai 4. Jaipur16. Indore23. Kolkata24. Delhi25. Bangalore34. Pune35. Surat36. Ahmedabad
Source: EMBARQ technical note (Welle and Li 2015)
Identify the vulnerable users
Cities Safer by Design
151
5
200
Children (<14 yrs) are killed everyday in road accidents in India
People are killed every hour in road accidents in India
Million people were seriously Injured or disabled in road accidentsin India in the past decade
Million people died in roadaccidents in India inthe past decade
3%Annual GDP loss to Indiadue to road accidents
Statutes to protect children on the road
Who Is Traffic Safety About?
7030
0
120
5600
Thousand + two wheeler riders died in the past decade
Thousand people can be saved every year with timely emergency medical care
Thousand + Vulnerable road users
killed in road accidents in the past decade
Thousand + people died in bus crashes from just 5 states in India in 2012
Thousand + pedestrians died in road accidents in the past decade
Who Is Traffic Safety About?
Traffic Safety for People First
Traffic Safety Across the Sections of the SocietyYouth: In India, 15-34 years accounted for 53.8% of the total road accident fatalities (NCRB)
The poor: People from lower socioeconomic backgrounds more likely to be involved in traffic crashes; Often live in areas with low-quality infrastructure (WHO 2003)
Elderly and the disabled: Age group of 35-64 years accounts for a share of 35.7% of road accident fatalities (NCRB)
Commuters and workers: Most workers spend anywhere from 30 to 60 minutes or more traveling to and from work
Customers: Research has shown that pedestrian and other crashes are associated with the location of retail land uses
Reducing Risk and Exposure: Creating a Safe System for All
Source: Rosen and Sander (2009).
Identify measures and contextualise them
Cities Safer by Design
Design Principles for Creating a Safe System for All
Design Principals for Safer Environments
Source: . Dumbaugh and Rae, 2009
Design principles
•Block lengths of 75 to 150 meters desirable for walkability•Provide midblock crossings, either signalized or using raised crossings or speed humps before crossings
Smaller block sizes aid speed reduction
Greater population densities can help support mass transit and nearby uses
Design Principals for Safer Environments Complementing population and Density Compact & connected Urban Design
Design principles•Density can be used with other community design elements to increase walking and cycling and reduce motorized travel..•Areas around mass transport stations and corridors can be targeted, especially those within a half-kilometer catchment area of stations.
Design Principals for Safer Environments
At commercial locations, transit points should be so located so as to set down and pick up passengers as close as possible to main destinations.
Design Principals for Safer Environments
• Vehicle travel in cities is most strongly related to accessibility to destinations, meaning that efforts to increase access to jobs, retail and public space can decrease vehicle travel and improve overall safety.1
Ease of access to destinations
Design Principals for Safer Environments
Source: OECD (2009)
Access to DestinationsDesign principles•Neighborhoods should be designed, considering a 0.5-km catchment area for all activities. •Complement with safe pedestrian and bicycle routes to nearby destinations•Provide residential densities that support local facilities
Measures to improve Road Safety Indian urban roads are unique in their challengesEach design element must function in coordination with others
Measures to improve Road Safety: Road diet Lesser lane widths for speed-calming and better capacityDesigning outside-in vs. inside-out
Measures to improve Road Safety: Road diet Lesser lane widths for speed-calming and better capacityDesigning outside-in vs. inside-out
Measures to improve Road Safety: Road Diet ‘Grey Zone’ between the roadway and sidewalks are often unused or occupied by haphazard parking/ vending
Retain existing median
Retain existing CC lanes
Proposed bus-stop/ taxi-auto stand/ trees/ utilities + Uninterrupted walkway 1.8m
Measures to improve Road Safety ‘Grey Zone’ between the roadway and sidewalks are often unused or occupied by haphazard parking/ vending
Measures to improve Road Safety
2m Footpath
2.5m MUZ
10 m Carriagewa
y
1.5m M
10 m Carriageway
2.5m MUZ
2m Footpath
Speed humps can reduce accidents by up to 50%,Ped. crashes increase by 6% for every extra 1 meter of crossing distance
Lesser lane-widths and MUZ allows for continuous clear walkways
Measures to improve Road Safety Pedestrian refuge area with bollards
Pedestrian crossings/ ramps with curb cuts
Channelization with holding area
Slip lane with speed-calming/ raised crossing
Continuous and wide footpath Lane balance
and alignment
Curb cuts with ramps and bollards at
property entry
Safe access to Public Transit
Median division for waiting area with protected refuge
island
Corner kerbs Minimum turning
radii with well oriented ramps
Optimised signal phasing with
protected phase for pedestrians
Wide refuge area with tapered carriageway
Shared streets to create speed-calmed zones •Enhanced paving, alternating pavers, and street furnishings within the street can be used with maximum speeds at most around 15 km/h.
Scale-up through a collaborative process
Cities Safer by Design
Aligning priorities with stakeholders
1 fatal accident2 fatal accidents>2 fatal accidents
Junction Locations No.CST Bridge Junction 4Kalpana Cinema 1Sheetal Cinema 1Kamini Signal 1Ghatkopar Police Station 1Opp. Water dept. 1Sarvodaya Hospital 1Godrej Gate 2 1Godrej Gate 1 1Gandhi nagar Junction 2Cine Vista Film Studio 1Kanjurmarg Station Jn. 3
Total 18
Mid-block Locations No.Old Agra Road Bus stop 1Naaz Hotel 1Mukund company 1Opp. Toyota Showroom 1Sainik Petrolpump 1Ghatkopar Police Station 1Roa Hotel 1Gopal Bhawan 2Sai baba mandir 1Vijay sales 1Kalpataru 1Mahajan Compound 1Vikhroli Bus Stop 1Hindustan Kohinoor Complex 1Hometown 2HCC Bus Stop 1
Total 18
Equal number of fatalities at both intersection and midblock black-spots
Kanjurmarg Station Jn.
Gandhi Nagar Jn
Hometown
Gopal Bhawan
CST Bridge Junction
Guru Nanak Nagar
Engaging with the city authorities
Engaging with the city authorities
Engaging with ward-level personnel
Engaging with the city authorities
Engaging with the city authorities
Engaging with the city authorities
Engaging with Traffic Safety experts
Engaging with the community & users
Engaging with the community & users
Engaging with the community & users
Multiple guidelines must complement
Multiple guidelines must complement
Multiple guidelines must complement
Road Safety Audit/Inspection/ Reviews
City Specific Policy/Guidelines
Insights from city authorities and the community
Implementing Cities Safer by Design
Implementing Cities Safer by Design
Implementing Cities Safer by Design
Thank you!
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