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Cell structureCell structure
RibosomeRibosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum-set of interconnected membranes. Forms cisternae. 2 types:
Rough ER - studded with ribosomes that are attached to cytosolic side of rER
Smooth ER- no ribosomes
*Ribosomes formed in nucleolus*
The Endoplasmic ReticulumThe Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - system of tubes and sacs formed by membranes
Rough = modifies proteins produced on the ribosomes. Synthesis of proteins for export from the cell, integral proteins of cell membrane, enzymes of lysosomes
Smooth = functions in lipid synthesis (including steroids), carbohydrate synthesis and metabolism, drug detoxification, and calcium storage in muscle cells
0.5 micrometers
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
vesicles
ribosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum
0.5 micrometers
Figure 3.9 The Golgi ApparatusFigure 3.9 The Golgi Apparatus
Functions of the Golgi Functions of the Golgi ApparatusApparatus
MitochondrionMitochondrion
MitochondriaMitochondria
LysosomesLysosomesMembrane bound vessels that pinch off from Golgi apparatusContain digestive enzymesPerform clean up and duties
LysosomesLysosomes
LysosomeLysosome
From Krogh, “Biology: A Guide to the Natural World, 2nd edition
nucleus
CytoskeletonCytoskeleton
Major components:
1. Microtubules (composed of tubulin subunits)
2. Microfilaments (mostly actin and myosin)
3. Intermediate filaments
Functions: support & movement of cellular structures & materials
CytoskeletonCytoskeleton
2 centrioles direct formation of mitotic spindle
In 9+0 array
CiliaCilia Cell surface Cell surface
projectionsprojections Capable of Capable of movementmovement Moves materials Moves materials over over
the cell surfacethe cell surface Sensory capabilitiesSensory capabilities
Centrioles and CiliaCentrioles and Cilia
MicrovilliMicrovilli
Extension of plasma Extension of plasma membranemembrane
Increase the cell Increase the cell surfacesurface
Normally manyNormally many on on each celleach cell
Form a brush Form a brush border on the apical border on the apical surface of the cellsurface of the cell
Do not moveDo not move