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Prescott, AZ Research Presentation
Sixth Street District Redevelopment Ecosa Summer 2010
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Presentation Layout•Project Overview
•EconomicoEconomic OverviewoMixed-use developments oTourism Opportunities
•SocialoPublic SpacesoTransportationoHousingoCommunity Integration
•EcologicaloIntroduction to Prescott (History and Ecology)oRainwater HarvestingoEarthworksoLandscapingoRiparian RestorationoFood Systems
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Project Overview: 6th Street
District
•Objective: Redesign the current industrial zone into an extension of downtown through the implementation of a mixed-use development
•Goals:oEconomicoSocialoEcological
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Economic
•Current Economics of Prescott, AZ
•Business and Economic components of mixed
developments
•Opportunities and Strategies for the district.
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Economic OverviewEstimated median household
income in 2008: $42,457
(it was $35,446 in 2000)
Prescott: $42,457
Arizona: $50,958
Estimated per capita income in 2008: $28,759
Estimated median house or condo value in 2008: $325,573
(it was $148,600 in 2000)
Prescott: $325,573
Arizona: $229,200
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The
Housing
Bubble
“Unaffordable
housing is a new
problem in
Arizona.”
The Challenge:
In 1999, median-
income families in
most
Arizona cities could
spend 25 percent of
their incomes and pay
it off in11 to 13 years.
Today it would take 20
to 33 years.
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July 1, 2009 Population estimate of 43,573
a 28% increase since the 2000 Census.
Household By Income Data
2008 estimate 2000 census
Over $250,000 1.62% 1.86% ↓
$150,000 to $249,999 2.50% 0.98% ↑
$100,000 to $149,999 8.25% 5.16% ↑
$75,000 to $99,999 9.42% 7.30% ↑
$50,000 to $74,999 18.39% 16.48% ↑
$35,000 to $49,999 18.74% 18.92% ↓
$25,000 to $34,999 14.03% 16.14% ↓
$15,000 to $24,999 13.97% 16.45% ↓
Under $14,999 13.08% 16.71% ↓
Overall Revenue Increase for the City by
Household (Income) Equals
Increased Sales Tax Revenue and Funding
from Utilities, Tourism & Recreation
Population by age (2008)
5 to 9 years 5.17%
10 to 14 years 5.43% ↑
15 to 19 years 5.85% ↑
20 to 24 years 7.89% ↑
25 to 34 years 4.91% ↓
45 to 54 years 12.30% ↑
55 to 59 years 6.39% ↓
60 to 64 years 6.19% ↓
65 to 74 years 11.65% ↑
75 + years 10.02% ↓
Median Household Income: $35,446 Arizona: $40,558
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Labor Force Data
The labor force has
grown from 33,938
(2000) to ($43280 (2008)
An Increase of 9,342
people (almost 22%)
Civilian Labor Force has
grown by 23%
or 4363 workers
# of Unemployed people
has increased by 46% or
436 workers
Unemployment Rate has
grown 5.0%
The number of jobs
available does not
meet the current
demand for jobs
Labor & Migration
IndicatorsThese employers supply 37%
of Prescott's Jobs (including Prescott College)
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Population Restaurants/Bars
Building Permits
Taxable Sales
Transient Occupancy
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Existing Assets
oAccommodations (rooms) 1.800
oCampgrounds (Private) 3oHouses of Worship 74oCity Playgrounds 6oCity Parks 10oYMCA 1oPublic Golf Courses 4oLibraries 5oMovie Theaters (screens) 24oOpera House 1oNational Forest Campgrounds 7oZoo 1oRestaurants 98oShopping Malls 2oShopping Centers 6oTheatrical Companies 3oArt Organizations 2oMuseums 3
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Encourage retention of tourists with high disposable incomes
Create access to future investors
Create opportunities for revenue diversification
Create potential for an increased number of jobs Create a natural inflow of tourists and job seekers into the space Increase taxable revenue potential Long term potential to alleviatetraffic congestion & increase revenue streams from young & active homeowners and consumers
Mitigate Risk for investors for their ROI.
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The objective would be to keep money IN
the City of Prescott by creating more
community connectivity.
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25 to 34 years 4.91% ↓ 45 to 54 years 12.30% ↑
Anatomy of a Young Urban ProfessionalExplaining a Crucial Gap
The top cities Washington D.C.SeattleNYCPortlandAustinSan FranciscoAtlantaBoston LAMinneapolisPhiladelphia
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Economics of Mixed-Developments
A mixed use development is a complex investment, some believe its a more resilient investment because it diversifies risk, another theory is that it is more risky because of uncertainty.•most mixed use development's
success is relient upon a strong local economy
• if the local economy isnt that strong, the success is dependent upon a focus on ecotourism or high income attractors (housing, shopping, etc)
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Business Component of Mixed- Developments
A walkable community is dependent upon supplying the primary needs of its citizens. The following businesses are examples of places you might need nearby:
•affordable, healthy grocery stores
• trendy restaurants (ie. the Raven)
•coffee shops•convenience stores•community centers•health care•beauty parlors•museums, culture centers•hardware stores • transportation centers (ie. bike
shops, car shops, etc)
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Eco Tourism Opportunities for Prescott's Outdoor Enthusiasts
•Rock Climbing •Mountain Biking •Adventure Tours/ Hiking Trails•Arts, Culture & History•Canyoneering •Daily/ Weekend Getaways (i.e.
Eco Hostels, Eco Lodges or Bed & Breakfasts)
•Eco Adventures (i.e. hiking/ trekking, birdwatching, wildlife viewing tours)
•Food & Wine•Learning Vacations •Paddling•Resorts Spas & Retreats
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Precedence for Economic Revitalization Strategies
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SOCIAL
•Public Spaces
•Transportation
•Housing
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Public Space
Bringing people into the Picture
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Why Create Public Space?
•Support Local Economies
•Attract Business Investments
•Attract Tourism
•Provide Cultural Opportunities
•Reduce Crime
•Improve Pedestrian Safety
•Increase Use of Public Transit
•Improve Public Health
•Improve the Environment
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Rethinking Public Space
•The 4 Keys to a
Successful Public Space
oAccess and Linkages
oComfort and Image
oUses and Activities
oSociability
-Project for Public Spaces
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Place MakingThe power of 10:
“A great destination has at least 10 places within it,
each with 10 things to do.”
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Existing Public Space: Granite
Creek Park
Utilized Public Space
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Existing Public Space: Shopping,
Streets, Parking Lots
Unused Public Space
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Observation
•Space around park is not welcoming and
does not lead one into the park; the park is
not presented as an asset.
•Not much pedestrian habitat, mainly built
for automobiles.
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Gathering on the Waterfront: Reno,
Nevada•Encourages river
recreation, free community
events and use of outdoor
space.
•Flexibility makes it work: oA variety of events are
held here for the public
and the park itself is a
natural aesthetic
connection to the
environment in a little
city.
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Public Market: Pike Place, Seattle,
WA•Small shops,
restaurants,
commercial areas.
•Community effort is
what makes it a
success: oRun by
constituency
membership that
handles Market’s
services to low
income residents in
area.
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Street as Corridors:
Kungsportsavenyn Göteborg,
Sweden•Neighborhood shops, a trolley
corridor, bike lanes, parking
drop-off areas, mid-sidewalk
display cases, bike racks,
benches, plantings, sidewalk
paving, street trees, public art.
•Flexibility makes it a success: oEvery two blocks the
functions of the space
change, providing a variation
of things in one space.
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Rethinking Intersections: Portland,
Oregon•Community Art.
•Encourages dual pedestrian
and vehicle space.
•Strengthens community
•Community Initiation of the
Project makes it work:oProject was brought about
by residents of the area,
who were seeking a closer
community of people; a
place where they could
meet their neighbors.
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Community Involvement
•What do people like and not like about the
place? What is their vision?
•Creates a sense of ownership and pride
in the place
•Identify partners for the place-
making process.
•Asset mapping. Documenting and
identifying connections between assets.
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Transportation
Transportation
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Walkable Streets
•Many European cities were designed with
walkable streets.
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Many American cities are designed around traffic
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Multi use streetsMulti use streets can serve to slow car traffic and encourage pedestrian traffic
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Community PathwaysNetworks of pathways and trails away from roads
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PrecedentsTeton county Wyoming uses community pathways to connect neighboring towns, making pedestrian traffic safer and helping to reduce daily commuter car traffic.
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Small Scale Transit
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Built EnvironmentHistory, Ethics, Precedents
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History of Prescott Architecture
•1880s-simple architecture •Late 1890s to early 1900s--beginning of the "Victorian
Melange" style architecture •1910 to 1930s-- Bungalow style residential buildings
Source: http://www.cityofprescott.net/history/historic.php
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History of Prescott Planning
•Grid-patterned plan•Block at center for
courthouse•East side of plaza set
aside for higher class homes
•Creek banks and low irregular terraces into mountains left for poorer residents
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Current Housing at a Glance•Mix of historic
Victorians, apartment complexes, and newer single-family homes
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Spotlight on 6th Street District •Mostly businesses that sell
industrial/building materials. Most are single story buildings made of corrugated metal
•Personal service businesses
•Public service buildings
•Lower middle-class neighborhood
with single story homes
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Ethics to consider in redevelopment•Those moved against
their will can suffer from:
oloss of land assets
oloss of jobs
omarginalization
oloss of access to common property
odisruption of social networks
Source: Drydyk, Jay. Ethical Dilemmas of Development-Induced Displacement. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 2007.
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Development without Displacement
•Ensure low-income residents participate in planning process
•Intentional planning and policy-making with meaningful community engagement
•Maintaining affordability essential to reduce sprawl
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Case Study: Civano, AZEcologically-sensitive neighborhood development
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Overview•attract businesses engaged in solar power and other
renewable resource fields. •reduce auto use and air pollution •to create a more livable area with a cooler microclimate •to encourage social interaction and allow for
conservation of large natural areas for wildlife •to allow residents to shop, work, and play near home,
reducing auto dependence
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Community Development
Civano
Preserving the Ecosystem
Sustainable Building
Economic Development
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Case Study: Charter Quay, UK
Multi-use Plaza
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•used to be derelict industrial site
•riverside development, high-density, mixed-use accommodation
•completely pedestrian-centered
•created new jobs and housing
•modern architectural style with traditional building materials
•preserve, enhance, and showcase
nature of river
Sources: http://www.cabe.org.uk/case-studies/charter-quayhttp://www.berkeleygroup.co.uk/index.cfm?articleid=307
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Case Study: Spike Island, UK
Cultural Center
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•former factory transformed into community art space
•70 studios, exhibition gallery, cafe, business space, facilities for art students
•focus on contact and networking
•some public funding, most turnover from rent
•balance between maintaining contact and security
Source: http://www.cabe.org.uk/case-studies/spike-island
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ECOLOGICAL
•Introduction to Prescott (History and Ecology)
•Rainwater harvesting
•Earthworks
•Landscaping
•Watershed Restoration
•Food Systems
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Prescott, Arizona
History and Ecology
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Yavapai People History•From San Francisco Peaks to Granite
Mountain•hunting and gathering
•Mobile season home: 'whas'--brush huts
•More permanent home: 'whambunias'--dome-shaped thatched houses reinforced with mud plaster and covered with skins
•Search for gold was catalyst for bad relations between tribe/anglos
•Forced into reservation (1873)
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History of Land Use•Gold, Silver and Copper mining
•Ranching and herding
•6th street history:oRailroad DepotoMechanics LotsoTimber Lotsoevidence of chinese gardens
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Ecology•Elevation: 5,368 feet
•Average Annual Precipitation: 12’’/yr
•Climate zone: 6a (can reach a low of -10 degrees fahrenheit)
•Ponderosa Pine/Juniper-Scrub Live Oak Transition Zone
•Ecological Themes—SurvivaloPatterns in form:
small leaves waxy, resin leaves CAM, C4 spiny, woody barks huge root systems rapid growth spurts short growing seasons small fruit
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WATER
“Don’t pray for rain, if you can’t take care
of what you get”—R.E. Dixon (1937)
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The Water Crisis•Our Current Situation
oWe are depleting our aquifers and rivers Comparable to our current
economic crisis: spending more than we have, going into debt
o We are in a water crisis! “The crisis of our diminishing water resources is just as severe (if less obviously immediate) as any wartime crisis we have ever faced. Our survival is just as much at stake as it was at the time of Pearl Harbor, or the Argonne, or Gettysburg, or Saratoga” –Jim Wright, US Representative, The Water Famine, 1966
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Why is Rainwater so Important?
•Rainwater is our primary source of freshwater in the hydrologic system, it replenishes our aquifers and creeks
•We currently drain it away from our cities with the use of hardscapes, creating:oFloodingoErosionoSoil Degradation
BENEFITS OF RAIN:•naturally pure•natural fertilzer• lowest salt content• its FREE!
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Our Current Landscape: The Wasteful
Path to Scarcity• In order to infiltrate rainwater,
we must change the way we shape the land--this can be achieved through earthworks
A landscape on the wasteful path to scarcity. Rain, runoff, and topsoil are quickly drained off the landscape to the street where the sediment-laden water contributes to downstream flooding and contamination. The landscape is dependent upon municipal/well water irrigation and imported fertilizers.
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Earthworks:The Path to Abundance
A landscape on the stewardship path to
abundance. Rain, runoff, leaf drop, and topsoil
are harvested and utilized within the landscape
contributing to flood control and enhanced water
quality. The system is self-irrigating with rain and
self-fertilizing with harvested organic matter.
The same site with earthworks implemented
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Bioswales
Planters that absorb flash flood run-off, filter and clean it, and then gradually infiltrate the water back into the water table. Provides:•Shade and lower temperatures for the
street•Reduces the amount of water the city
drainage has to work with
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Bioswales for parking lots
Bioswales for traffic calming
Hardscape only where absolutely necessary
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Riparian Restoration:A Design Component
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Precedents
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What is the hook for incorporating riparian
restoration and what are the potential
beneficial outcomes?
What can we learn from the following
precedents? (i.e. approaches, values,
ethics)
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Control Erosion and Reduce Flood Damage
Who/Where: The Urban Creeks Council in San Francisco California
What they did:
• innovative bank
stabilization projects
• innovative channel
design to increase
flood capacities
•culvert removal
correct storm-water
management
problems
•expanded flood plain
by acquiring land
along river.
http://www.urbancreeks.org/UCC%20Photos/
TILDEN~1.JPG
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Enhance the Neighborhood and Recreate a
Sense of CommunityWho/Where: Friends of
the LA River
What they did:
Incorporated the following
into their master plan:
•Create a Continuous
River Greenway
•Connect
Neighborhoods to the
River
•Enhance River
Identity
• Incorporate Public Art
http://
www.theriverproject.org
/valleyheart.html
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Attract Tourism and Revitalize Downtown
Economy Who/Where: Paseo Del Rio
Association in San Antonio
Texas
What they did:
•The river was turned into a
main feature of the
downtown.
•Shops, Restaurants, and
Hotels face the river.
•Huge Success.
•80% of population see it as a
benefit to the city.
•96% see it as a tourist
attraction.
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Preserve History and CulturesWho/Where: Friends of Deer Creek, Nevada City, CA
What they did:
Collaborated with the Tsi-Akim Maidu Tribe on projects including the Deer Creek
Restoration Plan, the Deer Creek Tribute Trail and Restoration Project, and on many
local festivals and ceremonies.
(http://www.friendsofdeercreek.org/)
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Other Benefits
•Reclaim Ecological Values (City of Berkley California)•Restore Water Quality (Lake Tahoe, California)•Create Trails and Greenways (Raleigh, North Carolina)•Create Jobs, Job Training (Snohomish County, WA)•Create Educational Opportunities (Snohomish County, WA)
(http://www.friendsofdeercreek.org/)
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Riparian Revitalization and Restoration in Prescott
Values:
•Natural open spaces.
•Neighborhood scenic areas that provide
places where we can connect to creeks,
forests, etc.
•The historic, economic, and cultural
benefits that open spaces offer
communities.
•Trails that provide recreation,
transportation, and connection to the
greater community and environment
Mission to promote,
protect and celebrate
the ecological integrity
of riparian systems
and associated
wetlands in the central
Arizona watersheds
through conservation,
restoration and
education.
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Current/Past Projects in Prescott
•Watson Woods Riparian Restoration Project (expanding riparian
corridor to improve processes of functions)
•CreekWatch Network (Creek Observation Guide, Creek
Identification Signs, CreekWatch Groups)
•Watershed Monitoring (water quality)
•Greenways (The Greenways Committee includes Prescott
Alternative Transportation, Prescott Creeks Preservation
Association, the local Audubon chapter, City of Prescott, and
other organizations- Goal=3.5 miles of Greenway Trails)
•Community Outreach (Creekside Almanac Newsletter,
Fundraising, Events, Creek Cleanup)
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Food Systems:
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•Growing
•Harvesting
•Processing
•Packaging
•Transporting
•Marketing
•Consuming
•Disposing
What is a food system?
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Characteristics of Modern Industrial Food System:
•High fossil fuel input
•Relies heavily on technology and machinery
•Monocrops/Mass Production
•High use of chemicals (over 5 billion pounds of pesticides used globally
annually)
•Linear system produces mass amounts of pollution
•Food travels great distances (average american meal travels about 1500 miles)
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What is an alternative to this unsustainable food
system?
Local + Community + Organic + Polycultures = Sustainable Food Systems
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The 4 Main Strands of Sustainable Food Systems:
Food Security: Addresses food
access within a
community
context, especially
for low-income
households.
Proximity:
Food grown
as close to
community
as possible.
Self-Reliance: Community
provides for its own
needs
Sustainability:
Ecological and
regenerative
farming/gardening
practices.
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Community Food
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Current System
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Community Gardens
•Community farms and gardens help bring communities together and provide nutritious food.
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Farmers markets •Farmers markets and open air vendors provide
community access to locally grown food.
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Restaurants and CafésRestaurants and cafes can work with community farmers to offer locally harvested food to consumers.
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Farm to School
•Farm to School brings healthy food
from local farms to school children
nationwide. The program teaches
students about the path from farm
to fork, and instills healthy eating
habits that can last a lifetime
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Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) • Enjoy Fresh,
Healthy, Safe and
Locally-Grown
Produce Every
Week.
• Invest in the
Success of
Environmentally-
Conscious Farmers.
• Support the Local
Economy.
• Greatly Reduce the
Wastes Produced in
Transportation and
Packaging.
•A food system
approach
where
consumers
buy a share
directly from
farmer,
generally for
weekly pick-
ups. There is
no “middle
man.”
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Organizations
the Community Food Security Coalition and Community Food Connections, Two organizations dedicated to building strong, sustainable, local and regional food systems that ensure acces to affordable, nutricious and culturally appropriate food.
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ConclusionsTogether:•an ecological multi-use development •sustainable food system •thriving riparian environment•flexible public spaces•efficient transportation system •regenerative economic opportunities
can create an ecologically mindful, economically resilient, and community-driven district.