Download - Class 3 Ap1 Muscles
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Muscles of the Head & Neck
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Muscles from Weeks One and Two
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SupraspinatusP: Supraspinous Fossa of the scapulaD: Greater tubercle of the humerus
1. Abducts the arm at the shoulder jointPart of the rotator cuff muscle group
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InfraspinatusP: Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
D: Greater tubercle of the humerus
1. Laterally rotates the arm at the shoulder joint
Part of the rotaor cuff muscle group
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Teres minorP: Superior lateral border of the scapula
D: Greater tubercle of the humerus
1. Laterally rotates the arm at the shoulder joint
Part of the rotator cuff muscle group
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SubscapularisP: Subscapular fossa of the scapula
D: Lesser tubercle of the humerus
1. Medially rotates the arm at the shoulder joint
Part of the rotator cuff muscle group
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Teres MajorP: Inferior lateral border of the scapula
D: Medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus
1. Medially rotates the arm at the shoulder joint
2. Adducts the arm at the shoulder joint
3. Extends the arm at the shoulder joint
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DeltoidP: Lateral clavicle, acromion process, and the spine of the scapula
D: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
1. Abducts the arm at the shoulder joint (entire muscle)
2. Flexes the arm at the shoulder joint (anterior deltoid)
3. Extends the arm at the shoulder joint (posterior deltoid)
4. Medially rotates the arm at the shoulder joint (anterior deltoid)
5. Laterally rotates the arm at the shoulder joint (posterior deltoid)
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CoracobrachialisP: Coracoid process of the scapula
D: Medial shaft of the humerus
1. Flexes the arm at the shoulder joint
2. Adducts the arm at the shoulder joint
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Biceps BrachiiP: Long head: Supraglenoid
tubercle of the scapula
Short head: Coracoid process of the scapula
D: Radial tuberosity
1. Flexes the forearm at the elbow joint (entire muscle)
2. Supinates the forearm at the radioulnar joints (entire muscle)
3. Flexes the arm at the shoulder joint (entire muscle)
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BrachialisP: Distal ½ of the anterior shaft of the humerus
D: Ulnar tuberosity
1. Flexes the forearm at the elbow joint
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Triceps BrachiiP: Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Lateral head: Posterior shaft of the humerus
Medial head: Posterior shaft of the humerus
D: Olecranon process of the ulna
1. Extends the forearm at the elbow joint
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Pronator Teres MuscleP: Humeral head: Medial
epicondyle of the humerus via common flexor tendon
Unlnar head: Coronoid process of ulna
D: Laterla radius
1. Pronates the forearm at the radioulnar joint
2. Flexes the forearm at the elbow joint
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Flexor Carpi RadialisP: Medial epicondyle of the
humerus
D: Radial hand on the anterior side
1. Flexes the hand at the wrist joint
2. Radially deviates (abducts) the hand at the wrist joint
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Palmaris LongusP: Medial epicondyle of the humerus
D: Palm of hand
1. Flexes the hand at the wrist joint
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Flexor Carpi UlnarisP: Medial epicondyle of the
humerus
D: Ulnar hand on the anterior side
1. Flexes the hand at the wrist joint
2. Ulnar deviates (adducts) the hand at the wrist joint
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BrachioradialisP: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
D: Styloid process of the radius
1. Flexes the forearm at the elbow joint
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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis1. Flexes fingers 2-5 at the
metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints
2. Flexes the hand at the wrist
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Pronator QuadratusP: Anterior distal ulna
D: Anterior distal radius
1. Pronates the forearm at the radioulnar joints
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Flexor digitorum profundus1. Flexes fingers 2-5 at the
metacarpophalangeal and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints
2. Flexes the hand at the wrist
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Extensor Carpi Radialis LongusP: Lateral supracondylar ridge of
the humerus
D: Radial hand on the posterior side
1. Extends the hand at the wrist joint
2. Radially deviates (abducts) the hand at the wrist joint
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Extensor Carpi Radialis BrevisP: Lateral epicondyle of the
humerus
D: Radial hand on the posterior side
1. Extends the hand at the wrist joint
2. Radially deviates (abducts) the hand at the wrist joint
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Extensor Digitorum1. Extends fingers 2-5 at the
metacarpophalangeal and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints
2. Extends the hand at the wrist joint
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Extensor Digiti Minimi1. Extends the Little Finger at the
Metacarpophalangeal and Proximal and Distal Interphalangeal Joints
2. Extends the hand at the wrist joint
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Extensor Carpi UlnarisP: Lateral epicondyle of the
humerus and the ulna
D: Ulnar hand on the posterior side
1. Extends the hand at the wrist joint
2. Ulnar deviates (adducts) the hand at the wrist joint
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SupinatorP: Lateral epicondyle of the
humerus and proximal ulna
D: Proximal radius
1. Supinates the forearm at the radioulnar joints
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WEEK THREEWEEK THREEMuscles of the Head and Neck
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Temporalis MuscleP: Temporal fossa
D: Coronoid process and the ramus of the mandible
1. Elevates the mandible at the temporomandibular joint
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Very painful cramp when the temporalis muscle goes into spasm
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MasseterP: Inferior margins of both the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch of the temporal bone
D: Angle, ramus, and coronoid process of the mandible
1. Elevates the mandible at the temporomandibular joint
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Lateral PterygoidProtracts the mandible at the temporomandibular joint
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Medial PterygoidElevates the mandible at the temporomandibular joint
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Trapezius muscleP: Occiput, nuchal ligament, and
SPs of C7-T12
D: Lateral clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula
1. Laterally flexes the neck and the head at the spinal joints (upper)
2. Extends the neck and the head at the spinal joints (upper)
3. Contralaterally rotates the neck and the head at the spinal joints (upper)
4. Elevates the scapula at the scapulocostal joint (upper)
5. Retracts (adducts) the scapula at the scapulocostal joint (entire muscle)
6. Depresses the scapula at the scapulocostal joint (lower)
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Splenius CapitisP: Nuchal ligament and SPs of C7-
T4
D: Mastoid process of the temporal bone and the occipital bone
1. Extends the head and the neck at the spinal joints
2. Laterally flexes the head and the neck at the spinal joints
3. Ipsilaterlly rotates the head and the neck at the spinal joints
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Splenius Capitis: Nuchal ligament and SP’s of C7-T4
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Splenius Capitis: Mastoid process of the temporal bone and occipital
bone
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Splenius Cervicis1. Extends the neck at the
spinal joints
2. Laterally flexes the neck at the spinal joints
3. Ipsilaterally rotates the neck at the spinal joints
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Levator scapulaeP: TPs of C1-C4
D: Medial border of the scapula, from the superior angle to the root of the spine of the scapula
1. Elevates the scapula at the scapulocostal joint
2. Extends the neck at the spinal joints
3. Laterally flexes the neck at the spinal joints
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Levator Scapulae: TP’s of C1 – C4
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PlatysmaP: Subcutaneous fascia of the superior chest
D: Mandible and the subcutaneous fascia of the lower face
1. Draws up the skin of the superior chest and neck, creating ridges of skin of the neck
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Sternocleidomastoid P: Sternal head: Manubrium of the
sternum
Clavicular head: Medial clavicle
D: Mastoid process of the temporal bone
1. Flexes the head at the spinal joints
2. Laterally flexes the neck and the head at the spinal joints
3. Contralaterally rotates the neck and the head at the spinal joints
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Head and Neck Topographic Anatomy
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Streets of Venice
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Anterior Scalene
P: TPs of the cervical spine
D: 1st rib
1. Flexes the neck at the spinal joints
2. Laterally flexes the neck at the spinal joints
3. Elevates the first rib at the sternocostal and costospinal joints
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Middle Scalene
P: TPs of the cervical spine
D: 1st rib
1. Laterally flexes the neck at the spinal joints
2. Flexes the neck at the spinal joints
3. Elevates the first rib at the sternocostal and costospinal joints
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Middle Scalene: TP’s of C2-C7
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Middle Scalene: Superior surface of first rib
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Posterior Scalene
P: TPs of the cervical spine
D: 2nd rib
1. Laterally flexes the neck at the spinal joints
2. Elevates the second rib at the sternocostal and costospinal joints
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Posterior Scalene: TP’s C5-C7
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The SuboccipitalsRectus Capitis Posterior Major and Minor: Extends the head at the Atlanto-Occipital joint
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Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor1. Extends the head at the
Atlanto-Occipital joint
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Suboccipital Muscles cont.Obliquus Capitis Inferior:
Ipsilaterally Rotates the Atlas at the Atlantoaxial joint
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Suboccipital Muscles cont.Obliquus Capitis Superior:
Extends the head at the Atlanto-Occipital joint
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Superficial Muscles of Back
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Intermediate Muscles of Back
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Deep Muscles of Back
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Have client supine Place palpating fingers on the temporal
fossa. Ask client to clench and relax the teeth. Feel for the contraction and relaxation of
the muscle. The inferior attachment on the coronoid
process of the mandible can be palpated if the client opens mouth widely. Difficult to distinguish from the masseter.
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Have client supine Place palpating fingers between the
zygomatic arch and the angle of the mandible.
Ask the client to alternately clench the teeth and relax.
When the masseter contracts it may visibly bulge out.
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Have the client prone Place palpating hand over the upper
trapezius. Have client actively abduct the arm at
the shoulder joint and retract the scapula
Repeat above to palpate the middle and lower trapezius
To further bring out the upper trapezius, have the client slightly extend the neck
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Client seated Locate posterior margin of SCM and the
anterior margin of the upper trapezius. Palpate the superior aspect of the triangle formed by these muscles (posterior triangle of the neck)
Ask client to actively rotate the head and neck. Feel for contraction of the ipsilateral splenius capitis
Giving resistance may further bring out the muscle
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Client seated with the forearm in the small of the back
Place palpating hand just superior to the superior angle of the scapula
Have client perform short, quick range of motion of active elevation of the scapula and feel for the contraction of the levator scapulae.
Continue palpating superiorly into the posterior triangle of the neck
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Have the client seated Place palpating hand on the
anterolateral neck Ask client to forcefully contract the
platysma by depressing and drawing the lower lip laterally, while keeping the mandible fixed in a position of slight depression.
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Have client seated with the neck and head rotated to one side.
Stand on the opposite side. Place palpating hand on the
anterolateral neck of the side where you are standing.
Now resist the client from laterally flexing the neck and head toward the side you are standing and feel for contraction of the SCM.
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Have client seated Locate lateral margin of the SCM Place palpating fingers slightly lateral to the
lateral margin of the SCM and just superior to the clavicle
Ask the client to take in short, quick, deep breaths through the nose and feel for contraction of the anterior and middle scalenes
Palpate more medially for the anterior scalene and slightly more laterally for the middle scalene
Be careful of the brachial plexus
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Have client seated and do the same procedure as the anterior and middle scalenes
Continue palpating more posteriorly for the posterior scalene
To distinguish from the levator scapulae have the client alternate between elevating the scapula and taking in a deep breath.
To distinguish from the upper trapezius have the client alternate between abducting the arm and retracting the scapula and taking a deep breath