Download - classical conditioning
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov(26 September 1849 – 27 February 1936)
Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning.
Devoted his life to the study of physiology and sciences.
Won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1904 and Copley Medal in 1914.
About Ivan Pavlov
• Began school at age 11
• Because of a childhood accident Pavlov was forced to begin
school late.
• He attended church school and seminary school.
• He read Charles Darwin’s The Origin of the Species and
decided that he was more interested in science than
seminary.
• Pavlov’s work inspired the work of John Watson and he
applied it to the Behaviorist Theory in 1913.
A serendipitous discovery
Behaviourism: SR Units (Reflexes)
STIMULUS(S): It is detected by an organism.
RESPONSE(R): Organism emits a response.
What is Classical conditioning?
Classical conditioning is an behaviourist learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
A process for creating new SR units from existing onesClassical conditioning is based on the famous Pavlov's
dogs experiment.
Key elements of classical conditioning
Unconditioned stimulusUnconditioned responseConditioned stimulusConditioned response
Pavlov’s Dog Experiment
Classical Conditioning
Key processes in Classical conditioning
AcquisitionExtinctionSpontaneous recoveryStimulus generalisationStimulus discrimination
John Broadus Watson (January 9, 1878 – September 25, 1958)
An American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviourism.
Famous for infant research and “Little Albert” experiment
The Little Albert Experiment
BEFORE CONDITIONING
Baby “Albert” is allowed to play with
a pet white rat. Albert enjoys
petting the rat and does not fear it.
Albert was scared
of loud noises.
DURING CONDITIONING
When Albert tried to pet or come near the rat, Watson
would make a loud noise. This scared
Albert. This scaring when
coming close situation was
repeated many times.
AFTER CONDITIONING
When Albert was presented with the
rat again, he became scared,
cried, and tried to move away from
the rat. He had become conditioned into realizing that the
white rat was related to the loud
noise.
1.1. Unconditional stimulus
2. Neutral stimulus
4. After condition3. During conditining
Name the four components of classical conditioning.
Sara is watching a storm. A bolt of lighting is followed immediately by a huge
crash of thunder and makes her jump. This happens several more times. The
storm starts to move away and there is a gap between the lighting bolt and the
sound of thunder, yet Sara jumps at the lighting bolt.
1. UCS
2. UCR-
3. CS-
4. CR-
1. Huge crash of thunder
2. Jump
3. Bolt of lighting
4. Jump
Class Activity
IMPLICATIONS & APPLICATIONS
Marketing & Advertising
Organization
Defence & Security
Aversion Therapy
Real Time
MARKETING & ADVERTISING
Marketing & Advertising
Coca-Cola Happiness Machine - YouTube.htm
ADVERTISING
AVERSION THERAPY
Aversion therapy is a form of behaviour
therapy that applies CC principles to inhibit or
discourage undesirable behaviour by
associating it with an aversive stimulus.
The aim of aversion therapy is to suppress or
weaken undesirable behaviour.
When was Aversion Therapy first used?
1930s to treat alcoholism.
Alcoholics were
administered painful electric
shocks whenever the could
smell, see or taste alcohol.
Today, nausea-inducing
drugs are paired with alcohol
consumption to make the
alcoholic feel ill.
Alcohol (CS)
Nausea Drug(UCS)
Nause
a (UCR)
Association becomes so strong that the person beings to anticipate nausea as an inevitable result of consuming alcohol.
Examples of Aversion Therapy
To stop unwanted behaviour such as nail biting, we might
paint our nails with a foul-tasting substance
The association between nail biting and the unpleasant taste
is learned quickly.
Applications in Organizations
In many organizations like KFC,Dominos,etc
employees are given the best manager of the
month with appreciation and made to wear that
cap for the whole month and so whenever he wears
that cap it reminds to him of the appreciation and
applause made for him and makes him happy and
as a result his willingness to work increases.
Unethical
Overshadowing
Blocking
Extinction
Ignores cognitive aspects of learning
Ignores Species-specific behaviour pattern
Limitations and Criticism
Overshadowing
Blocking
Extinction
LEARNINGS & CONCLUSION
It was a learning of reflexes, and an automatic response related to the nervous system.
A great part of our emotional and motivation makeup comes directly from our lifetime of experience and stimulus.
People or animals can be trained (or influenced) to perform a certain task or response by providing some sort of trigger, which may be a sound, picture, phrase, etc.
THANK YOU
Presented by-Abhilasha JhaApoorv TiwariHarsh PandyaNeeraj Ratan