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Classification of Matter
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Review
physicalphysical changechange: the chemical composition (makeup or parts) of the matter stays the same. Ex: state changes (solid to liquid to
gas), changing shape (ripping, squishing)
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Review
chemicalchemical changechange: a compound’s chemical composition (makeup) is changed – it becomes a new substance ex: burning, rusting, reacting
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MATTERMATTER
MixtureMixture PurePureSubstanceSubstance
HomogeneousHomogeneousMixtureMixture
HeterogeneousHeterogeneousMixtureMixture
CompoundCompound ElementElement
AtomAtom
Physically
separated
Chemicallyseparated
Can’t beseparated
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mattermatter: has volume (takes up space), and mass can be solid, liquid or gas
mixturemixture: several different substances NOT chemically combined, can be physically separated into pure substances homogeneoushomogeneous: evenly mixed (solution)
ex: salt water, air heterogeneousheterogeneous: not evenly mixed
ex: sand, soup
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AIR
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pure substancepure substance: constant (same) composition (homogeneous), ex: water H2O or lead Pb compound or an element
compoundcompound: chemically bonded elements ex: CO2
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Compound
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elementelement: can not be separated physically or chemically, made of a single kind of atom
atomatom: smallest particles of an element, can not be chemically separated
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Element
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ELEMENTELEMENT COMPOUNDCOMPOUND MIXTUREMIXTURE
MOLECULESMOLECULES
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MonMonatomicatomic DiDiatomicatomic
ex: noble gases: He, NE, Ar, Kr… Ex: halogens: F2, Cl2, Br2, H2
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What classification of matter? (from the flow chart)a) Matter that can be physically separated
and is uniform (evenly mixed). b) Matter that can not be physically
separated. c) Matter that can not be physically
separated and can not be decomposed (broken apart) by chemical means.
d) Matter that can be physically separated.
e) Matter that can be physically separated but does not have a uniform (evenly mixed) composition.
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f) Matter that can not be physically separated but can be decomposed (broken down) by chemical means.
g) Can an element be broken down chemically?
h) How is a mixture different from a pure substance?
i) How is an element different from a compound?
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Element or compound?a) neonb) sodium bichloratec) silverd) potassium chloridee) carbon dioxidef) helium
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An unknown silvery powder has a constant melting point and does not chemically or physically separate into other substances. The unknown substance can be classified as –A. an elementB. a compoundC. a mixtureD. an alloy (a homogenous mixture of metals)
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A student examines a sample of matter and finds that she can’t separate it into its parts physically or chemically. This matter is:a. an elementb. a homogeneous mixturec. a heterogeneous mixtured. a gas
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One example of a pure substance is:a. paperb. cookie doughc. rocks and sandd. water
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Is separating a mixture a chemical Is separating a mixture a chemical process or a physical process?process or a physical process?
Separating a mixture
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solventsolvent: the part of a solution doing the dissolving (the liquid)
solutesolute: a substance being dissolved in a liquid
solutionsolution: the mixture of a solvent and a solute
SOLUTESOLUTE
SOLVENTSOLVENTSOLUTIONSOLUTIONSOLUTIONSOLUTION
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solublesoluble: dissolves in a solvent insolubleinsoluble: does not dissolve
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Salt and water?
filtrationfiltration: insoluble solute not dissolved in a solvent Ex: sand and water
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evaporationevaporation: solute can not evaporate, but solvent can ex: water and sand; water and salt
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkW8MQRq82w
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distillationdistillation: separation of a mixture of liquids that evaporate at different temperatures, by evaporating, condensing and collecting each liquid.
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Distillation
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chromatographychromatography: Mixture of solids of different masses floating in a liquid.
Lighter solids move farther and faster! Ex: ink, DNA
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Experiment What color is black ink? Is ink a mixture or pure substance? How could we find out?
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What method would you use…
a) to separate sand from water?b) to separate two kinds of paint
mixed with one another?c) to separate gasoline from water?d) to separate salt from water?
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With your group
Write the following words and phrases, one per index card, neatly!
solid liquid gas temperature kinetic theory evaporation condensation filtration
melting freezing sublimation deposition solvent solute solution distillation
matter compound element homogeneous
mixture heterogeneous
mixture chromatograph
y
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Experiment What color is black ink? Is ink a mixture or pure substance? How could we find out?
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In your group
1. Mix up the cards and stack them face down.2. Choose one person to draw first. That
person picks up the top card.3. They draw on the whiteboard until a group
member guesses the word or phrase on their card. No letters or words may be drawn!
4. The correct guesser earns one point.5. Then, group member 2 chooses a card and
draws.6. Continue taking turns.
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Homework
Week 5 Homework p. 1-3