Classifying Living Organisms
Domains and Kingdoms
Carolus Linnaeus’ Classification System
Swedish botanist (1707-1778) Binomial Nomenclature –
two-part scientific name Genus species
Why Latin?Latin was the language known
universally by the educated Also used as a descriptor
Carolus Linneaus
Kingdom Phylum
Class Order
Family Genus
species
Avoiding common names
Cat
Gato
Koshka
Chien
kitty
Cougar
Mountain Lion Puma
Catamount
Panther
Domains
Kingdoms Scientists look at the evolutionary history of
organisms to divide them into kingdoms. For awhile, there has been 5 kingdoms, but many scientist are now using 6 kingdoms.
Scientists place organisms in different kingdoms depending on its characteristics such as:
What type of cell? Prokaryote or Eukaryote Unicellular or MulticellularAutotrophic or HeterotrophicReproduction? Asexually or Sexually
6 Kingdoms of Living Things
Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
DOMAINS
BACTERIA ARCHAE EUKARYA
KINGDOMS
Eubacteria
KINGDOMS KINGDOMS
Archaebacteria Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Prefix meanings Pro = for, forward Eu = Do Uni = One Multi = Many Auto = Self Hetero = Other Troph = Feed A = Without
Domain or Kingdom: Eubacteria
Prokaryote unicellular Often do need oxygen Live and feed by decomposing other cells. Some can do photosynthesis. Reproduce asexually. video
Domain Archaeaor Kingdom Archaebacteria Prokaryote Unicellular Can be autotrophic and heterotrophic Reproduce asexually Live in harsh environments; classified base on
where they live (such as thermal vents deep in ocean, salt-lakes, acidic environments, some even in ice!)
Heterotrophic Bacteria
1. Free-living consumers: E. coli Azobacter converts initrogen into ammonium, making it available for plant use;
E. coli lives in your colon, feeds on your waste and makes vitamin K for you.
2. Parasitic: Always needs an organism to get food or shelter (host): Impetigo is caused by strains Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.
3. Decomposers: Pseudomonas bacteria in the soil recycles dead plants and animals by turning them into minerals and nutrients that plants and microbes can use.
Autotrophic BacteriaProducers -> Use
sunlight to make food and are often green.
Example: Cyanobacteria: Blue-
green algae Lives in water Has chlorophyll
(green pigment for photosynthesis)
Some others have blue or red pigment.
Domain Eukaryota
Eukaryote Unicellular or multicellular Includes Kingdom Animalia, KingdomPlantae,
Kingdom Fungi and Protista.
Protista Kingdoms
Eukaryote Unicellular Heterotroph or Autotroph Reproduce primarily asexually
Protista includesProtozoa of 4 main groups:
classified based on movement
Protista includesseveral types of Algae and Seaweed
classified based on chemical criteria (PS pigments)
Kingdom Fungi
Eukaryote Usually multicellular but can be unicellular Heterotroph: absorb nutrients from
decomposing organisms Reproduce both sexually and asexually video
Fungi are classified by how they make SPORES
Kingdom Plantae
Eukaryote multicellular Autotrophs: Photosynthesis Reproduce both sexually and asexually
4 Main Divisions of Plants
Kingdom Animalia
Eukaryote Multicellular Heterotroph: eat other organisms Sexual reproduction
9 Major Animal Phyla
Porifera (sponges) Cnidaria (jellyfish) Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Nematoda (roundworms) Annelida (segmentedworms) Mollusca (snails, clams, squid)
Arthropoda (insects, crabs) Echinodermata (starfish) Chordata (vertebrates)
VIRUS: NOT A KINGDOM!!
What is a virus?• Non-living particle, smaller than a cell that can infect living
organisms (hosts).
Structure of Virus:
• Capsid (Protein coat)
• Genetic Material (DNA or RNA)
Are virus alive?
Don’t eat, grow, or break down food. They are not made of cells.They need a host cell to reproduce.
There is no cure, only a treatment. Antibiotics DO NOT kill viruses Antiviral medications only stop viruses from
reproducing.