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Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009
Decoding Mediterranean climate variability
using lake sediments
Decoding Mediterranean climate variability
using lake sediments
Daniel Ariztegui
Section of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of [email protected]
Daniel Ariztegui
Section of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of [email protected]
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Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009
Decoding
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Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009
A NATURALIST'S VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD First Edition - May 1860
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The Great Drought was very well described by Darwin
…During this time so little rain fell, that the vegetation failed; the brooks were dried up, and the whole country assumed the appearance of a dusty high-road… …Very great numbers of birds, wild animals, cattle, and horses perished from the want of food and water… The smaller streams in the Pampas were paved with a breccias of bones… …What would be the opinion of a geologist, viewing such an enormous collection of bones, of all kinds of animals and of all ages, thus embedded in one thick earthy mass?...
Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009
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Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009
Decode : verb(trans.)
convert (a coded message)
into intelligible language
Decode : verb(trans.)
convert (a coded message)
into intelligible language
PROXY
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modern atmospheric circulation
North Atlantic
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ClimateThe North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)
negative (-)positive (+)
The NAO index is defined as the anomalous difference between the polar low and the subtropical high during the winter season (December through March)
www.ldeo.columbia.edu/NAO/
modern atmospheric circulation
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ClimateThe North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)
The NAO index is defined as the anomalous difference between the polar low and the subtropical high during the winter season (December through March)
www.ldeo.columbia.edu/NAO/
modern atmospheric circulation
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
(+) dry in the Mediterranean
(-) moist air into the Mediterranean
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The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the Mediterranean realm
How far west can be tracked ?
modern atmospheric circulation
Was this modern climate feature active during glacial intervals?
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modern atmospheric circulation
Lake Albano
North Atlantic
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Lake Albano
seismo-stratigraphy and core location
after Chondrogianni et al., 2004
high-resolution window into the LGM
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core correlation and chronology
after Chondrogianni et al., 2004
Lake Albano high-resolution window into the LGM
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Lake Albano high-resolution window into the LGM
Lithology
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after Chondrogianni et al., 2004
Lake Albano high-resolution window into the LGM
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after Chondrogianni et al., 2004
North Atlantic Oscillation
(NAO)
Lake Albano high-resolution window into the LGM
periodical changes in productivity/sedimentation
during LGM
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after Chondrogianni et al., 2004
Centennial-millennial changes four alternating cold and warm
intervals between H1 and H2
Decadal-interdecadal changes moisture fluctuations associated
with NAO and/or ENSO like mechanisms
Lake Albano high-resolution window into the LGM
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The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the Mediterranean realm
atmospheric circulation
How far west can be tracked ?
Was this modern climate feature active during glacial intervals?
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modern atmospheric circulation
Lake Butrint
North Atlantic
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Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries
Lake Butrint
Albania
Greece
Corfu
Italy
MediterraneanSea
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Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries
Corfu
Albania
Lake Butrint
Ioni
an S
ea
1 km
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Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries
sedimentarycores
referencecore
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Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries
B 00-2 B 00-3
Excellent core to core correlation
• laminated facies
• homogeneous facies
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Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries
Depth (cm)
30
20
10
0
Magnetic susceptibility
0
60
120Cs-137(mBq/g)
19631986 1917 1872 18111794
Years AD
0 10 20 30 40 5060 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
Density (g/cm3)
1741
Ariztegui et al., in review
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Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries
1 cm
one
ye
ar
1 µm1 µm
1 mm 1 mmgr
ay
laye
rda
rk b
row
n la
yer
whi
te
laye
r
SpringSpring
AutumnAutumn
SummerSummer
WinterWinterPennate diatoms
centric diatoms
carbonate crystals
allochthonous OM
autochthonous OM
star-shaped aragonitesedi
men
t cy
cle
one
ye
ar
1905
1893
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Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries
Ariztegui et al., in reviewDepth (cm)
0
2
4TOC
(%)
19631986
-30 .0
- 24.0
- 26.0
- 28.0
13C(OM)
(‰)
1917 1872 1811 1794Years AD
0
Oxygen Index(mgCO2 g -1 TOC)
200
400
C/NC/N9
11
13
15N(OM)
(‰)
15N(OM)
(‰)4.0
6.0
2.0
1741
0
100 Hydrogen Index(mgHC g -1 TOC)
Hydrogen Index(mgHC g -1 TOC)
200
50
150
0
- 4.0
- 8.0
18O(carbonate)
(‰)
- 4.0
0
- 2.013C(carbonate)
(‰)
13C(carbonate)
(‰)
- 6.00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
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Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries
Dep
th
(cm
)
10
20
30
40
50
2000
1917
1 µm
aragonitelow
Mg calcite
1943
1986
1947
1929
1913
1 µm
1 µm
0
Ariztegui et al., in review
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Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries
number of lamina
0
0.4
0.8data analyzedraw datamobile mean
thickness(cm)
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 2600- 0.4
Climate
Thickness of the gray lamina
year 2000 year 1740
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Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries
period (calendar years)
Climate
Spectral analyses
100 2000
0.14
0.04
0.10
0.08
101 5
spectraldensity
3.5 years = NAO
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Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries
The land-sea interface
influence of the NAO index
increasing evaporation for the last part of the 20 century (positive index)
but…
anthropogenic impact trigger the most recent changes in salinity
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The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the Mediterranean realm
atmospheric circulation
How far west can be tracked ?
Was this modern climate feature active during glacial intervals?YES shifting temperature, wind directions and source of moisture
The Ionian and Adriatic Sea
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THANKS
• EU-Project PALICLAS
• Swiss National Science Foundation
• Albanian Geological Survey
• Université de Genève
• ETH Zürich
Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009
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Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries