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Climate-smart dairy systems in East Africa
R4D in support of IFAD loan programs
Birthe Paul (CIAT)An Notenbaert (CIAT)Mupenzi Mutimura (RAB)
Technical launch of the Rwanda DairyDevelopment Project (RDDP)
27th of March 2017, Kigali, Rwanda
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Presentation outline
1. Background & justification
2. IFAD R4D grant overview
3. A glimpse of the science behind
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Until 2050, the demand for meat, milk, eggs is likely to double in SSA (FAO 2009) – dairy development could benefit 24 million people in East Africa
Africa’s livestock revolution, and environmental trade-offs
The opportunities The trade-offs1.3 billion people employed, 600 million of them poor
Produce 14 to 18% of global GHG
Value > 1.4 trillion USD, 40% of global agricultural GDP
Feed production uses 33% of global crop land
Food for at least 830 million food insecure people, 33% of protein consumption
Takes 32% of global water consumption
60% of global cropping area receives manure application
Environmental trade-offs call for climate-smart and resource-efficient livestock production
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Feed as a main constraint to dairy production
Photos by ILRI
Photo by ILRI
Main production constraint is sufficient quantity and quality of feeds on a consistent basis – and it
is the major production cost
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7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 9.50 10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00
met
han
e -
kg C
O2
/ k
g p
rote
in p
rod
uce
d
metabolisable energy (MJ/kg DM)
developed
developing
BRICS
Herrero et al 2008
The better we feed cows, the less methane from enteric fermentation -> lower emissions per kg of milk they produce
Improved feeding as entry-point for climate-smart dairy
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Climate-smart dairy systems in East Africa through improved forages and feeding strategies: enhancing productivity and adaptive capacity while mitigating GHG emissions
2 million USD/4 years (+ 1 million co-financing)
Rwanda and Tanzania
CIAT, ILRI, RAB, TALIRI, CSIRO
Outputs
1. Assess opportunities to increase productivity and NR efficiency of crop-livestock systems at multiple scales
2. Design context-specific forage options for productivity, environmental and adoptability considerations
3. Assess multi-dimensional trade-offs of forage-based crop-livestock interventionsa) Ex-situ (ILRI)
b) In-situ (CIAT, RAB)
4. Support scaling by IFAD investment projects and other development partners
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Umunezero O; Mwendia S; Paul BK; Maass BL; Ebong C; Kagabo D; Musana B; Muhutu JC; Mutimura M; Hirwa CA; Shumbusho F; Nyiransengimana E; Mukuralinda A; Notenbaert A. 2016. Identifying and characterizing areas for potential forage production in Rwanda. CIAT Working Paper No. 417. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, 16 p. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/75629
Marshy areas
Woodlots/planta
tions
Banana inter-
cropping
Farm boundaries
Soil erosion
structures
Road sides
Fodder plots
Drier areas
Niches for additional forage growing in Rwanda
• RAB grows 88 forage legume and 31 grass varieties/accessions at Karama research station
• Gap between available and required area for growing feed -> niches for improved forages needed
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Potential impacts and trade-offs of policies in Rwanda
B.K. Paul, R. Frelat, C. Birnholz, C. Ebong, A. Gahigi, J.C.J. Groot, M. Herrero, D. Kagabo, A. Notenbaert, B. Vanlauwe, M. van Wijk (2017). Potential impact of crop and livestock intensification policies on household food availability and greenhouse gas emissions in different agro-ecological regions of Rwanda. Agricultural Systems. http://hdl.handle.net/10568/80193
Only smallGHG
increase
GHGe increase
Pro-poor
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In-situ greenhouse gas measurements with closed chamber method
Improving emission factors and model parameterization –eg IPCC, GLEAM, EXACT, Ruminant
For example: Sommer, R., Mukalama, J., Kihara, J., Koala, S., Winowiecki, L., Bossio, D. (2016). Nitrogen dynamics and nitrous oxide emissions in a long-term trial on integrated soil fertility management in Western Kenya. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/66008
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GHG monitoring for program and policy support
• Rwanda’s national strategy on Green
Growth and Climate Resilience
• Rwanda’s National Strategy for Climate
Change and Low Carbon Development
Strategy
• NDC for Rwanda -> improved quantitative
reporting to IPCC
• Many organizations/investors interested in
climate impact of their programs –
including IFAD, Send a Cow
• Assist in arguing for increased investment
from Green Climate Fund
• Carbon trading?
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Thank [email protected]
[email protected] pictures taken by An Notenbaert, Georgina
Smith, Stephanie Malyon (CIAT)
http://news.trust.org/item/20160621101854-b7xkz/http://blog.ciat.cgiar.org/one-cow-program-can-cut-poverty-and-pave-the-way-for-lower-hoofprints-too