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Clinical features and co-morbidities in dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease
Author : Gyero Reka
Coordinator : Prof. Dr. Gabos Grecu Iosif
Co-authors : Barmou Amani Diana, Georgescu Ion Mihai,
Julia Magyar, Zoltan Kovacs
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“Memory is all we are. Moments and feelings, captured in amber, strung on filaments of reason. Take a man’s memories and you take all of him. Chip away a memory at a time and you destroy him as surely as if you hammered nail after nail through his skull.”
- Mark Lawrence
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Introduction of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
• Alzheimer’s disease is the prototype of a cortical degenerative disease
• AD is characterized pathologically by generalized atrophy of the cerebral cortex , neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic (amyloid ) plaques and granulovacuolar degeneration.
• A study made in 2006 estimated that 0.40% of the world population (range 11.4-59.4 million, absolute number 26.6 million) were afflicted by AD
• Same study predicted that this prevalence would triple and the absolute number would quadruple by 2050
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What is dementia?
• An acquired syndrome of decline in memory and other cognitive functions suffcient to affect daily life in an alert patient
• Progressive and disabling
• NOT an inherent aspect of aging
• Different from normal cognitive lapses
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Orientative differentiation between normal lapses and dementia
Normal lapses• Forgetting a name
• Finding right word
• Forgetting date or day
• Losing objects (keys, glasses)
• Gradual changes with aging
Dementia• Not recognizing family
members
• Substituting inappropriate words
• Getting lost in own neighborhood
• Not recognizing numbers
• Rapid mood swings for no reason
• Sudden, dramatic personality change
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Factors infulencing onset and progression of AD dementia
Risk factors
• Age• Family history• Head injury• Educational background
Protective factors
• Estrogen replacement therapy after menopause
• NSAIDs• Antioxidants
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Alzheimer’s Disease Progresses Through Distinct Stages
Stage
Symptoms
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Method and subjects
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Associated general medical conditions classified in system pathologies
Cardiovascular diseases
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Associated general medical conditions classified in system pathologies
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Associated general medical conditions classified in system pathologies
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Associated general medical conditions classified in system pathologies
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Associated general medical conditions classified in system pathologies
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Associated general medical conditions classified in system pathologies
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Associated general medical conditions classified in system pathologies
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Associated general medical conditions classified in system pathologies
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Psychopathologic findings
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Psychopathologic findings
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Psychopathologic findings
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Psychopathologic findings
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Conclusion• Dementias due to Alzheimer’s disease are pathologies
affecting women and men in a ratio of 1.8:1• Majority of patients are diagnozed after the age of 65
years• 3 most common underlying general medical conditions
are: artherial hypertension, type II diabetes and chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy
• Clinical sympotms such as cognitive impairment, loss of memory, apraxia, aphasia, decline in self-care and so on are sever enough to interfere with the patient’s daily living
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Thank you for your anticipated support !