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Closing the gap – linking collection data to applied
research
Klaus RiedeAlexander Koenig Zoological Research Institute
and Museum of Zoology
&
Center for Development Research
(ZEF), Bonn Germany
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“Integrated species information systems will allow data mining that
cannot be imagined today“
(EDWARDS et al. 2000)
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Anthemideae
Data mining: Insect - plant relationsStep 1: Secondary compounds (INFOBOT)
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Data mining: Insect - plant relations
• Step 1: Identification of Anthemidae - Compositae BIOLOG - INFOBOT/Bohlmann Files
• Step 2: Distribution of host plants: Anthemidae BIOLOG - INFOBOT
• Step 3: Distribution of phytophagous insects (e.g. grasshoppers, butterflies) BIOLOG - SYSTAX - EDIS-DORSA/GART/INGE
• Step 4: Comparisons of distribution by
– Visualising maps (GIS)
– Geostatistics
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Applications of data mining
• agriculture
• conservation
• ecology
...but how far have we got?
• taxo-reference (determination)
• geo-reference (linking to GIS)
• Integration (with „applied“ databases)
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Taxo-reference: The taxonomic impediment
How many species are there?
• 30 million (Erwin1983) ?
• ...but definitely 5 million (Gaston 1991)
• 3 times more than taxonomically described!
Where are they?
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TYPES OF TOMORROW
Cerace diehlii Heteroc. Sumatr. 12(3): 155-161
Chironomus sp. WOC
Eneoptera sp.
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Gene sequences for descriptionGene sequences for description
Interdisciplinary approach to Phylogeny of Geometrid Moths: Combined character sets from two BIOLOG projects.
Peribatodes rhomboidaria
Idaea filicata
Idaea distinctaria Idaea seriata
Scopula rubiginata Scopula imitaria
Scopula vigilata
Glossotrophia alba Scopula marginepunctata
Xanthorhoe vidanoi Epirrhoe alternata
Cyclophora puppillaria
98
Timandra comae Finland
Idaea degeneraria Idaea aversata
Xanthorhoe ferrugata
Chloroclystis v-ata
93
100 79
63
Timandra griseata Timandra comae Bavaria 93
68
52
Peribatodes rhomboidaria
Idaea filicata
Idaea distinctaria Idaea seriata
Scopula rubiginata Scopula imitaria
Scopula vigilata
Glossotrophia alba Scopula marginepunctata
Xanthorhoe vidanoi Epirrhoe alternata
Cyclophora puppillaria
Timandra comae Finland
Idaea degeneraria Idaea aversata
Xanthorhoe ferrugata
Chloroclystis v-ata
Timandra griseata Timandra comae Bavaria
Peribatodes rhomboidaria
Idaea filicata
Idaea distinctaria Idaea seriata
Scopula rubiginata Scopula imitaria
Scopula vigilata
Glossotrophia alba Scopula marginepunctata
Xanthorhoe vidanoi Epirrhoe alternata
Cyclophora puppillaria
Timandra comae Finland
Idaea degeneraria Idaea aversata
Xanthorhoe ferrugata
Chloroclystis v-ata
Timandra griseata Timandra comae Bavaria
Morphological tree
(from: Abraham et al 2001, modified and refined by INGE project)
DNA-based tree
(from: Miller, Hausmann, Trusch, 2001)
INGE
CONSENSUS
morphological, distributional, and ecological data
molecular data
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• Identification of larvae/immatures
• Identification by non-taxonomists
• Examples from Lepidoptera:– Kl. Frostspanner, Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata)
– Gr. Frostspanner, Mottled Umber (Erannis defoliaria)
– Roßkastanienspanner, March Moth (Alsophila aescularia)
– Kiefernspanner, Bordered White (Bupalus piniaria)
DNA sequencing asReliable Assessment Tool
- Applications in:
Agricultural Entomology (EDIS/INGE; EDIS/DNA-TAX)Forest Entomology (EDIS/OBIF)
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Where are the extinct species? • 17,500 species becoming extinct per year (estimate: Wilson
1988)
• Could you name one?
• IUCN - International Red List 2000 (Hilton-Taylor 2000):
• Insecta: – 73 EXTINCT
– 40 DATA DEFICIENT
Improving our estimate by:- investigating destroyed habitats- extrapolate from botanical data (endangered/extinct plants)
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Insecta are not covered by IUCN ....
...but there are well-monitored flagship species
Species fact sheet from:EDIS/GART
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Specimen data and Conservation
BIOLOG Databases– taxonomic databases
– specimen data (history)
– Rapid assessment (EDIS/ABIS, DORSA)
– Reliable assessment (EDIS/DNA-TAX, INGE)
– keys (EDIS/OBIF, INGE)
-
CONSERVATION Databases– monitoring threat status
(IUCN - www.redlist.org;BirdLife International - IBAs)
– population data/ time series(UNEP-WCMC - marine turtles;Wetlands International - waterbirdsRinging databases (birds, bats)
– Environmental data(WWF; UNEP-WCMC; CI;CIESIN; GRID-Arendal)
– mapping
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Combining Museum and Monitoring Data by Mapping
Nesting beaches:Marine turtles/IndopacificWorld Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), 1999
Museum data:adapted from Iverson 1992Compilation:Global Register of Migratory Species (GROMS); 2001
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Species distribution maps require various sources
• Museum specimen data (points)
• Monitoring data (selected sites)
• Generalized data (Expected Area, models)
• Raster data
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The OpenGIS concept
• Web-based interchange of GIS data and protocols
• OpenSource software
• OpenGIS mapserver and protocol are developed for SYSTAX by EXSE, Dept of Geoinformatics, Bonn University
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Geo-referencing the bottleneck for specimen databases
One collector:3 sites3,000 specimens
The solution:Geo-reference the collector