Download - Clouds & Precipitation
![Page 1: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Clouds & Precipitation
![Page 2: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Saturation vs. Air Temperature
The actual amount ofWater air can hold changesWith air temperature
Air at 104 F can hold 3 timesAs much water as 68 F air !(47 grams vs only 15 grams)
Air at 68 F can hold 4 timesAs much water as air at 0 F(15 grams vs only 4 grams)
32 F
68 F
104 F
4 grams
15 grams
47 grams
![Page 3: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Adiabatic Cooling: Clouds and Lifting Condensation Level (LCL)
• LCL / Cloud base = dew point altitude
![Page 4: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CLOUDS
• A cloud is water vapor condensed around dust particles (condensation nuclei).
• At any given time, ~50% of Earth is covered by clouds and about 6% is having precipitation.
• The greater the amount of moisture in an air mass, the lower the level of condensation.
![Page 5: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CONDENSATION• > 0o C = water droplets (lower levels)• < 0o C = ice crystals (upper levels)• middle levels = mixture of ice and water
![Page 7: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Type of cloud depends on…
• amount of moisture in the air• degree of uplift• atmospheric stability
![Page 8: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
NAMING CLOUDS
3 Basic types:• Cirrus – curly or fibrous• Stratus – means “layer”; flat and/or layered• Cumulus – means “heap”; puffy or piled up
•The prefixes cirro (high), alto (middle) refer to the level in the atmosphere.•The prefix nimbo means “rain-bearing”.
![Page 9: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Lifting Mechanisms
In order to make clouds, the air has to be lifted so that it will condense.
• Convection• Frontal Cloud• Orographic Uplift
![Page 10: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 15: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Orographic Uplift
![Page 19: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cumulus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:GoldenMedows.jpg
![Page 20: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Stratus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:FrozenField-Stratus.jpg
![Page 21: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Nimbostratus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Nov20-05-Nimbostratus.jpg
![Page 22: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cumulus & Stratocumulus
http://www.foundmyself.com/tutorials/text_clouds/clouds_original.jpg
![Page 23: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Cirrus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrus_clouds
![Page 24: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cirrus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrus_clouds
![Page 25: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cumulus & Cirrocumulus
http://www.bbc.co.uk/theoneshow/gallery/images/user_submitted/clouds/clouds7_450x340.jpg
![Page 26: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Cirrostratus with halo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrostratus_cloud
![Page 27: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Mammatocumulus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mammatus_clouds_Milan_July.jpg
![Page 28: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Mammatocumulus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mammatus_Clouds.png
![Page 29: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Lenticular
![Page 30: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Lenticular
![Page 31: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Iridescent Cloud
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap071125.html
![Page 32: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Cumulonimbus
![Page 33: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Cumulonimbus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Anvil_shaped_cumulus_panorama_edit_crop.jpg
![Page 34: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Cumulonimbus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:CumulonimbusFlorida.jpg
![Page 35: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
???
http://visualfunhouse.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/mammatus_cloud_illusion-03.jpeg
![Page 36: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
???
http://californiabirdwatching.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/fluffy-clouds-resize1.jpg
![Page 37: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
???
http://www.tagbanger.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/lenticular-clouds.jpg
![Page 38: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
???
http://anomalyblog.files.wordpress.com/2007/01/cloud2.jpg
![Page 39: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Nacreous Noctilucent
![Page 40: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
???
apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap060329.html
![Page 42: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Precipitation• The type of precipitation that reaches the
ground depends on processes in the cloud and temperatures between the cloud and the ground.
![Page 43: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Precipitation Types / Properties
![Page 44: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Global Precipitation
![Page 45: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
HAIL• balls or chunks of ice (1cm-5 cm)• grow due to downdrafts/updrafts in cumulonimbus clouds
![Page 46: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Snowflakes and Temperature
Snow crystal images from an electron microscope
![Page 47: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Clouds & Precipitation](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062310/5681667d550346895dda245f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)