What is Cognitive Radio?
How smart and efficient Cognitive Radio is ?
Where is Cognitive Radio place in the future market of telecommunication ?
What kind of applications could be take advantages by the presence of cognitive radio ?
As a summary, how good this thing is ?
The use of frequencyThe use of frequency
Broad range of use (telecommunication, military, medical, etc)
Wireless trends
Limited resources
EfficiencyEfficiency
Sharing Spectrum
DCAAS (Demand Channel Assignment Access System)
HeterogeneityHeterogeneity
• Multiple operators
• Multiple Services
• Various Radio Techniques
• Different Radio Topologies
• Broad Range of Radio equipments
• Multiple frequency bands
Spectrum “For our purposes, spectrum is the term that describes a
set of radio waves that can be used to transmit
information”
Frequency “Frequency is the number of times that a wave's peak
passes a fixed point in a specific period of time”
Cognitive RadioDefinition
“ cognitive radio is a paradigm for wireless communication in which either A network or a wireless node changes its transmission or reception parameters
to communicate efficiently avoiding interference with licensed or unlicensed users”[5]
Technology
• Spectrum Sensing• Spectrum Management• Spectrum Mobility• Spectrum Sharing
Main Functions
Cognitive Radio (CR) vs Intelligent Antenna (A)Cognitive Radio (CR) vs Intelligent Antenna (A)Technology
• Full cognitive radio• Spectrum Sensing cognitive radio
The Smart of Cognitive Radio
What make it smart like no others devices ?
Spectrum Detection 3 techniques in spectrum detection :
• Transmitter detection : matched filter detection, energy detection, cyclostationary feature detection• Coorperative detection• Intereference based detection
Spectrum Managementfind the best spectrum available with highest QoS. Techniques :
•Spectrum analysis• Spectrum decision
Spectrum MobilityMobility Cross handover – provide the best frequency allocation while moving
Spectrum SharingSpectrum scheduling method – accomodate the use of spectrum according appropriate order of time
The Smart of Cognitive Radio (cont.)
Figure. Basic Cognitive Cycle [6]
The Advantages
The advantages of cognitive radio :
1.Senses the radio frequensy environment for presence of white spaces
2.Manages the unused spectrum
3.Increase the efficiency of the spectrum utilization significantly
4.Improves the spectrum utilization by neglecting the over occupie
spectrum Channels and filling the unused spectrum channels
5.Improves the performance of the overall spectrum by increasing the
data Rate on good channels and moving away from the bad channels
6.Use the unused spectrum for a new business propositions, such as
providing
7.High speed internet in the rural areas and high data rate network
application like video confrencing can be made
In dynamic spectrum access environment, the following security threats are prominent [6]:
› Dynamic spectrum access attack a malicious user poses as a primary user and transmits signals very similar to
the primary user.
› Malicious behavior attackmisbehaving user masquerades to be a primary user and broadcast jamming signals that is very dificult to be detected by the secondary user
› Deniel of Service (DOS) attackthere could be 3 types of DOS attacks : low intensity attack, the high intensity attack, highest intensity
› Actions of selfish and malicious users selfish users make constant request in the network that they need more
allocation of channels more than what is required.
Challanges
Cognitive Radio SystemCognitive Radio System (CRS) Concept
Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, March 2011
Figure . CRS Concept Summary
ITU-R WP 1B A radio system employing technology that allows the System to obtain knowledge of its operational and Geographical environment, establiished policy and itsInternal state, to dinamically and autonomously adjust itsOpperation parameters and protocol according to its Obtained of knowledge in order to achieve predifinedObjectives and learn from the result obtained
In order to obtain knowledge, CRS use following approaches :1.Collecting information from component radio system2.Geolocation3.Spectrum sensing4.White space database access5.Access to cognitive pilot channel (CPC)
Type of Cognitive Radio System :
1.Heterogenous type2.Spectrum Sharing type
Types of CRSHeterogenous Type
Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, March 2011
Figure . Heterogenous Type CRS : Cross device and cross network handover
Types of CRSSpectrum Sharing type
Figure. Spectrum Sharing Type CRS
Standards :• IEEE 1900.4• IEEE draft standard P1900.4a• IEEE draft standard P1900.6• IEEE 802.11y• IEEE draft standard P802.11af• IEEE draft standard P802.19.1• IEEE draft standard P802.22• IEEE draft standard P802.22.1• standard ECMA-392
Summary of International Standardization onCognitive Radio System
Topics that currently considered :
• Technical characteristics and capabilities• Potential benefits• Deployment scenarios• Potential applications• Operational techniques• Coexistence• Operational and technical implication
Current Condition: The Apps & Tech.
Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, June 2010The
Tec
hnol
ogie
s T
he M
obile
Ser
vice
s
Current Condition: The Apps & Tech. (cont.)
Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, June 2011
A heterogenous broadband wireless access landscape
Integration heterogenous networks as common business platform
Future Market
Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, June 2010
Market Evolution
Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, March 2011
Public Safety Networks
Future Market : The Application
Extend the eyes and ears of public safety Agents :
• Handphone• Laptop• Wireless Handhelds• Camera• GPS• etc
Problem occurs :• Radio frequency congestion• communication during emergency• interoperability is hampered • incompatible radio equipment• Lack of standardization
SolutionCognitive Radio System :public safety wireless communication network
Figure. Public Safety Networks
Cellular Networks
Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, March 2011
Future Market : The Application
Customer expectation : “always connected”• smart phone• social network• e-life style• data exchange• mobile internet
OpportunityThe increase of revenue
Challanges•In some area, cellular networks are overload•Limited spectrum resources owned by operator
Solution• cognitive radio network : can augment next generation cellular network
Figure. Cellular Networks Architecture
Figure. Medical Body Area Network
Future Market : The Application
Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, March 2011
Ubiquitous monitoring of patient, such as :• Temprature• Blood presure• Blood oxygen• electrocardiogram (ECG)
Challanges• wide area of patient location • direct responses from doctor / clinicans• collect multiple parameters• lower operational cost (low OPEX)•Need relatively clean & less crowded spectrum
Solution• Wireless MBAN using cognitive radio system and network
•Improve effectiveness and caregivers
Wireless Medical Network
Bussiness Insight
A new Competitive Landscape
Mobile services
Next-generation wireless network
TV services
Convergency
Ubiquitous services
Dynamic Pricing
Bussiness Insight : The Opportunities
New Business Opportunities :
Joint management of several Radio Access Network (RAN) within one operator to balanced load of network
Joint management of several Radio Access Network (RAN) within more than two operators
Spectrum trading beetwen operators
Bussiness Insight : In Indonesia
How Do We Take a Part ?
Cooperation integrated framework : regulator, operators, market
Emerging local industri : content, services provider, etc
Focus to emerging economic growth and national wealth
Provide cheap and ubiquitous network, services
Spectrum regulation , Price regulation
Adopt the most suitable options
Collaboration, coorporation and competitiveness environement
ConclusionThe incr
ease
O
f w
irele
ss t
ech
.&
sub
scri
bers
Spectru
m
& Fre
quency
Issu
es
Cognitive Radio
Technology :
Dynamic Spectrum Access
Cognitive Radio
Technology :
Dynamic Spectrum Access
A New Competitive Landscape
• Future Market
• Technology
• Regulation
• Value Added Services
Cognitive radio technology bring solution and emerging efficiently smart ICT business for a better life
[1] IEEE Communication magazine, “International Standardization of Cognitive Radio System”, March 2011
[2] IEEE Communication magazine, “Emerging Cognitive Radio Application : A Survey”, March 2011
[3] IEEE Communication magazine, “Wireless Service Provision in TV White Space with Cognitive Radio Technology : A Telecom Operator’s Perspective and Experience”, March 2011
[4] IEEE Communication magazine, “Technology and Market Conditions Toward a new competitive Landscape in Wireless Access Market”, June 2010
[5] http://www.wikipedia.com/
[6] http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/ges/media/mse_prj_rpts/Securityfeature_in_Cognitive_radio.pdf