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Collecting and Handling Semen
4-H Veterinary Science
Extension Veterinary Medicine
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Objectives
Describe methods for semen collection List the steps for handling semen for freezing
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Purpose Evaluation
Increases economic rewards Evaluate breeding soundness Breed artificially Storage Increase bred animals Reduce disease transmission
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Semen Collection
Species dependent Types
Artificial vagina (AV) Electroejaculator Palpation of accessory glands
Keep warm Avoid light
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AV Rigid tubular structure Jacket
Filled with water Tube on end Ideal
Good sperm quality
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Electroejaculator Sends electrical impulses Inserted rectally Lower sperm quality Poor libido males
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Palpation Seminal vesecles
Epididymis Ampulla Vesicular glands Prostate gland Cowper’s glands
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Bull and Ram
Collect with Electroejaculator AV Palpation
Mount Castrated animal Cow/ewe Dummy
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Stallions
Collect with AV Condoms
Mount Mare Dummy (most common)
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Boar
Collect with AV (modified) Gloved hand technique (most common) Electroejaculation (anesthetize)
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Dogs and Cats
Dogs Manual collection
Cats AV collection
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Semen Evaluation
Macroscopically Grossly
Color Creamy, white or gray
Volume Depends on age and species
Consistency Concentration
Microscopically
Sperm motility Forward motion
Concentration Morphology
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Macroscopic evaluation Motility Morphology
Normal sperm composed of a head, mid-piece, and tail
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Abnormalities in Semen
May swim in circles or in place Conformational problems Primary defects
Originate in testicles more serious Secondary defects
Acquired as sperm pass through the tubules and ducts of repro system also by poor handling
Large number of either type may result in decreased fertility
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Extending
Diluted for insemination or for storage Only highest quality of pure substances of various
compounds should be used Increases the number of females to be bred with
single ejaculate Provides energy source and protection Extenders include egg yolk phosphates, egg yolk-
citrate, tris, homogenized milk, or cream and if frozen for long term glycerol
Sometimes antibiotics are includes to prevent contamination of sperm
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Storing
Cool slowly Prevent cold shock Preserve viability
Stored -130oC prevents crystal formation Accomplished by liquid nitrogen process
called cyrostorage Various methods
Straws
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Storing
Divided in ½ or 1 ml fractions 20 million cells per straw
Labeled and placed into canes in canisters within liquid nitrogen tank
Canisters are numbered for records
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Thawing
Quickly Warm water
10-30 seconds Ice water
Few minutes