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Collective Behavior and Social Movements
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Collective Behavior and Social Movements
• Definition• Characteristics• Conditions• Factors• Theories• Crowds• Types of Crowds• Mass• Types of Mass Behavior• Social Movements• Types of Social Movements
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Collective Behavior: Definition
• Voluntary, often spontaneous activity that is engaged in by a large number of people
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Collective Behavior:Characteristics
• Represent the actions of groups of people, not individuals
• Exhibit patterned behavior that are usually highly emotional
• Often associated with effort to achieve social change
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Collective Behavior:Conditions
• Precipitating incidents• Generalized belief of
what is wrong• Mobilization
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Collective Behavior:Factors
• Feeling of normlessness• Breakdown of social
control• Timing
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Collective Behavior:Theories
• Emergent Norm Theory – postulates that people faced with an unusual situation can direct a movement
• Value Added Theory • – agents of social
control conducive to collective actions must be present for collective behavior to occur
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Collective Behavior:Crowd
• A relatively large number of people who are in one another’s immediate vicinity
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Collective Behavior:Types of Crowd
• Casual Crowd – people who happen to be in the same place at the same time who share a momentary interest
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Collective Behavior:Types of Crowd
• Conventional Crowd –people who come together for a scheduled event sharing a common focus
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Collective Behavior:Types of Crowd
• Expressive Crowd –people releasing similar emotions
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Collective Behavior:Types of Crowd
• Acting Crowd– people who are emotionally focused erupting into violent behavior
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Collective Behavior:Types of Crowd
• Protest Crowd – people who engage in activities intended to achieve political goals, generally non-violent
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Collective Behavior:Mass
• A number of people who share a common interest in a specific idea or issue, but not in one another’s vicinity
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Collective Behavior:Types of Mass Behavior
• Rumors/Gossips – unverified information that thrive in times of uncertainty
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Collective Behavior:Types of Mass Behavior
• Public Opinion – attitudes/beliefs communicated by ordinary citizens to decision-makers
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Collective Behavior:Types of Mass Behavior
• Mass Hysteria – intense, fearful reaction to a perceived threat
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Collective Behavior:Types of Mass Behavior
• Fads/Fashions – periodic popularity of styles
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Social Movements:Definition
• Most organized form of collective behavior that acts to promote or resist change
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Social Movements:Theories
• Resource Mobilization – people organize movements by using knowledge, skills & money
• Political Process – movements exploit social structural opportunities
• New Social Movement – new forces of identity are created as people participate in movements
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Social Movements:Elements
• Precipitating incident• Pre-existing grievance• Pre-existing
communication network
• Ability to mobilize
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Social Movements:Stages
• Preliminary Stage – people become aware of a threatening problem
• Coalescence Stage – people begin to organize and start making the threat known to the public
• Institutionalization Stage – organizational structure develops
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Social Movements:Types
• Social Movements – seek limited change in some aspects of people’s behavior
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Social Movements:Types
• Reform Movements – seek to improve society by changing an aspect of the social structure
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Social Movements:Types
• Resistance Movements – seek to prevent or undo change that has already occurred
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Social Movements:Types
• Revolutionary Movements – seek to bring about a total change in society
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Social Movements:Types
• Religious Movements – seek to produce radical change in individuals by establishing a spiritual/religious system
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Collective Behavior & Social Movements
A Report by Jose Radin L. Garduque in MAT Soc. Sci. class of Prof. Josan Dela Cruz Borres in Filamer Christian University, Roxas City (First Semester, A.Y. 2013-2014)
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