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Color Theory
for Landscape
Design
Gail Hansen, PhD. University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department
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Color
Theory for
Landscape Design
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Physical Health Mental Health Emotions
The Power of Color
“Tickled Pink”
“Feeling Blue” “True Blue”
“Seeing Red”
“Green with envy”
“Black-hearted”
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Color influences how we act and feel, depends on:
Culture History Experience
Worldwide meaning: Red- represents life White- symbol of truce Green- safety
Color Psychology
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Behavior
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Ready for a swim?
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noun 1. the quality of an object or substance with respect to light reflected by the object, usually determined visually by measurement of hue, saturation, and brightness of the reflected light (light waves)
What is Color ? Light source-
object – viewer
Human eye and brain together translate color
Color exists only in the mind of the viewer
Surface of apple reflects red wavelengths absorbs all others
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How Many Colors ?
Human eye sees 1 to 7 million
Tetrachromacy- 100 million
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Aristotle (340 B.C.) attempted to formalize color relationships
Leonardo da Vinci (1480) developed color systems
Isaac Newton (1666) refracted light through a prism- created circular chart with 7 colors- still used today
Johann Goethe (1810) disagreed with Newton- took a more psychological approach
Albert Einstein (1920) suggested that light/color consists of particles- physicists have yet to prove
Johann Goethe
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15 stage color wheel based on color cards of the British Royal Horticultural Society
Why use color theory? To create color harmony- something that is pleasing to the eye- creates a sense of order and balance in the visual experience
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Color Schemes 12 stage color wheel
Analogous- three hues next to each other on the color wheel
Monochromatic- one hue with variations in lightness, darkness
Complementary-two hues opposite each other on the color wheel
Triadic- three hues equally spaced around the color wheel Cool colors
Warm colors
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Analogous Color Family
Red to Yellow
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Red Emotionally intense- effects
metabolism and blood pressure
Aggressive, demands attention
First color infants see
From tiny cochineal beetles- 70,000 = I lb. dye
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Design Notes: Plants to the foreground
Highlight important elements
Use in entertainment areas- excitement
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Pink Romantic, affectionate
Inspires action and confidence
Calming, reduces aggression (pink locker rooms and prisons)
Why are pastries in pink boxes?
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Brings plants forward
Harmony with blue and purple
Lighten up shady areas
Best not to pair with red
Design Notes:
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Orange Energy, happy, fun-loving Fruit and good health Stimulates appetite, activity Adults love or hate it Favorite of children
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Design Notes Holds in bright light Harmony with blue and
purple Tropical version of red Warms up a shady area Party space
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Warmth, cheerfulness Stimulates nervous system,
activates memory Human eye notices yellow
first Most luminous color Fatiguing to the eye
Yellow
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Harmony with blue and purple
Use for focal points
Brighten shady areas
Favorite of children
Design Notes:
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Analogous Color Family
Yellow to Blue
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Nature, growth and fertility
Relaxes muscles, improves creativity
More shades of green than any other color
Green
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Most restful color for the human eye
Warm or cool color Blends with all colors-
harmony Highlights light colors
Design Notes:
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Tranquility and calmness
Slows metabolism
#1 preferred color
More productive in blue rooms
Blue
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Blues look more violet in shade
Bright blues high contrast with greens in shade
Good for a contemplative area
Design Notes:
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Analogous Color
Family
Blue to Red
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Encourages creativity
Symbolizes power, royalty, knowledge
20,000 Purpura snails = 1 oz. Tyrian purple dye
Violet (Purple)
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Can be a warm or cool color Adds depth to a bed Dark purple disappears in
shade Harmony with Yellow and
Orange
Design Notes:
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Mono-Chromatic Color Scheme
White garden
Green garden
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White Light, goodness, purity
White flowers have stronger scent
Considered a summer color
Goes with all colors
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Brighten a shady spot
Highlight a focal point
Brings out true hues of colors
Design Notes:
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Concept #1 Warm colors
appear closer and make a space feel smaller
Cool colors appear distant and make a space feel larger
Warm or cool- context
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Yellow Violet
Balance between pairs of colors
Use a smaller amount of the brightest color
Concept #2
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Choosing a Color Scheme
Building or hardscape colors- blend or contrast
Type of use in space- entertaining- warm reds, yellows
Rest- cool blues
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Light conditions- light colors for shade
Garden type or theme-tropical, cottage, contemporary
Time of day space is used
Choosing a Color Scheme
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http://www.joehallock.com/edu/COM498/index.html
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Thank you!
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White and Black- It Depends Artist- pigments White- Yes, can’t mix
colors- but use white pigment
Black- Yes, is blending all colors (pigments)
Scientist- light
White- an object that reflects back all rays of light
Black- an object that absorbs all rays of light