This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Table of Contents
3 Commercial and Industrial Measures12
3.1 Lighting12
3.1.1 Lighting Improvements12
3.1.2 New Construction Lighting26
3.1.3 Lighting Controls36
3.1.4 LED Exit Signs39
3.1.5 LED Channel Signage42
3.1.6 LED Refrigeration Display Case Lighting45
3.1.7 Lighting Improvements for Midstream Delivery Programs47
3.2 HVAC55
3.2.1 HVAC Systems55
3.2.2 Electric Chillers64
3.2.3 Water Source and Geothermal Heat Pumps69
3.2.4 Ductless Mini-Split Heat Pumps – Commercial < 5.4 tons78
3.2.5 Fuel Switching: Small Commercial Electric Heat to Natural gas / Propane / Oil Heat82
3.2.6 Small C&I HVAC Refrigerant Charge Correction86
3.2.7 ENERGY STAR Room Air Conditioner91
3.2.8 Controls: Guest Room Occupancy Sensor95
3.2.9 Controls: Economizer98
3.2.10 Computer Room Air Conditioner101
3.2.11 Computer Room Air Conditioner/Handler Electronically Commutated Plug Fans105
3.2.12 Computer Room Air Conditioner/Handler VSD on AC Fan Motors108
3.2.13 Circulation Fan: High-Volume Low-Speed111
3.3 Motors and VFDs115
3.3.1 Premium Efficiency Motors115
3.3.2 Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Improvements126
3.3.3 ECM Circulating Fan130
3.3.4 VSD on Kitchen Exhaust Fan134
3.3.5 ECM Circulator Pump136
3.3.6 High Efficiency Pumps140
3.4 Domestic Hot Water143
3.4.1 Heat Pump Water Heaters143
3.4.2 Low Flow Pre-Rinse Sprayers for Retrofit Programs and Time of Sale Programs149
3.4.3 Fuel Switching: Electric Resistance Water Heaters to Gas/Propane153
3.5 Refrigeration157
3.5.1 ENERGY STAR Refrigeration/Freezer Cases157
3.5.2 High-Efficiency Evaporator Fan Motors for Walk-In or Reach-In Refrigerated Cases159
3.5.3 Controls: Evaporator Fan Controllers162
3.5.4 Controls: Floating Head Pressure Controls165
3.5.5 Controls: Anti-Sweat Heater Controls169
3.5.6 Controls: Evaporator Coil Defrost Control172
3.5.7 Variable Speed Refrigeration Compressor174
3.5.8 Strip Curtains for Walk-In Freezers and Coolers177
3.5.9 Night Covers for Display Cases180
3.5.10 Auto Closers182
3.5.11 Door Gaskets for Walk-in and Reach-in Coolers and Freezers184
3.5.12 Special Doors with Low or No Anti-Sweat Heat for Reach-In Freezers and Coolers186
3.5.13 Suction Pipe Insulation for Walk-In Coolers and Freezers188
3.5.14 Refrigerated Display Cases with Doors Replacing Open Cases190
3.5.15 Adding Doors to Existing Refrigerated Display Cases192
3.5.16 Air-Cooled Refrigeration Condenser194
3.5.17 Refrigerated Case Light Occupancy Sensors196
3.5.18 Refrigeration Economizers198
3.6 Appliances202
3.6.1 ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer202
3.6.2 ENERGY STAR Bathroom Ventilation Fan in Commercial Applications209
3.7 Food Service Equipment212
3.7.1 ENERGY STAR Ice Machines212
3.7.2 Controls: Beverage Machine Controls216
3.7.3 Controls: Snack Machine Controls219
3.7.4 ENERGY STAR Electric Steam Cooker221
3.7.5 ENERGY STAR Combination Oven225
3.7.6 ENERGY STAR Commercial Convection Oven229
3.7.7 ENERGY STAR Commercial Fryer232
3.7.8 ENERGY STAR Commercial Hot Food Holding Cabinet235
3.7.9 ENERGY STAR Commercial Dishwasher238
3.7.10 ENERGY STAR Commercial Griddle242
3.8 Building Shell245
3.8.1 Wall and Ceiling Insulation245
3.9 Consumer Electronics248
3.9.1 ENERGY STAR Office Equipment248
3.9.2 Office Equipment – Network Power Management Enabling254
3.9.3 Advanced Power Strips257
3.9.4 ENERGY STAR Servers260
3.9.5 Server Virtualization264
3.10 Compressed Air268
3.10.1 Cycling Refrigerated Thermal Mass Dryer268
3.10.2 Air-Entraining Air Nozzle271
3.10.3 No-Loss Condensate Drains275
3.10.4 Air Tanks for Load/No Load Compressors280
3.10.5 Variable-Speed Drive Air Compressor283
3.10.6 Compressed Air Controller286
3.10.7 Compressed Air Low Pressure Drop Filters289
3.10.8 Compressed Air Mist Eliminators292
3.11 Miscellaneous296
3.11.1 High Efficiency Transformer296
3.11.2 Engine Block Heat Timer299
3.11.3 High Frequency Battery Chargers301
3.12 Demand Response305
3.12.1 Load Curtailment for Commercial and Industrial Programs305
4 Agricultural Measures308
4.1 Agricultural308
4.1.1 Automatic Milker Takeoffs308
4.1.2 Dairy Scroll Compressors310
4.1.3 High Efficiency Ventilation Fans with and without Thermostats313
4.1.4 Heat Reclaimers317
4.1.5 High Volume Low Speed Fans320
4.1.6 Livestock Waterer322
4.1.7 Variable Speed Drive (VSD) Controller on Dairy Vacuum Pumps324
4.1.8 Low Pressure Irrigation System328
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434401" 3 Commercial and Industrial Measures PAGEREF _Toc535434401 \h 14
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434402" 3.1 Lighting PAGEREF _Toc535434402 \h 14
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434403" 3.1.1 Lighting Improvements PAGEREF _Toc535434403 \h 14
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434404" 3.1.2 New Construction Lighting PAGEREF _Toc535434404 \h 24
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434405" 3.1.3 Lighting Controls PAGEREF _Toc535434405 \h 36
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434406" 3.1.4 Traffic Lights PAGEREF _Toc535434406 \h 39
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434407" 3.1.5 LED Exit Signs PAGEREF _Toc535434407 \h 42
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434408" 3.1.6 LED Channel Signage PAGEREF _Toc535434408 \h 45
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434409" 3.1.7 LED Refrigeration Display Case Lighting PAGEREF _Toc535434409 \h 48
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434410" 3.2 HVAC PAGEREF _Toc535434410 \h 51
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434411" 3.2.1 HVAC Systems PAGEREF _Toc535434411 \h 51
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434412" 3.2.2 Electric Chillers PAGEREF _Toc535434412 \h 61
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434413" 3.2.3 Water Source and Geothermal Heat Pumps PAGEREF _Toc535434413 \h 66
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434414" 3.2.4 Ductless Mini-Split Heat Pumps – Commercial < 5.4 tons PAGEREF _Toc535434414 \h 77
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434415" 3.2.5 Fuel Switching: Small Commercial Electric Heat to Natural gas / Propane / Oil Heat PAGEREF _Toc535434415 \h 82
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434416" 3.2.6 Small C/I HVAC Refrigerant Charge Correction PAGEREF _Toc535434416 \h 87
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434417" 3.2.7 ENERGY STAR Room Air Conditioner PAGEREF _Toc535434417 \h 94
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434418" 3.2.8 Controls: Guest Room Occupancy Sensor PAGEREF _Toc535434418 \h 98
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434419" 3.2.9 Controls: Economizer PAGEREF _Toc535434419 \h 102
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434420" 3.3 Motors and VFDs PAGEREF _Toc535434420 \h 107
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434421" 3.3.1 Premium Efficiency Motors PAGEREF _Toc535434421 \h 107
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434422" 3.3.2 Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Improvements PAGEREF _Toc535434422 \h 124
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434423" 3.3.3 ECM Circulating Fan PAGEREF _Toc535434423 \h 127
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434424" 3.3.4 VSD on Kitchen Exhaust Fan PAGEREF _Toc535434424 \h 133
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434425" 3.4 Domestic Hot Water PAGEREF _Toc535434425 \h 135
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434426" 3.4.1 Heat Pump Water Heaters PAGEREF _Toc535434426 \h 135
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434427" 3.4.2 Low Flow Pre-Rinse Sprayers for Retrofit Programs PAGEREF _Toc535434427 \h 144
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434428" 3.4.3 Low Flow Pre-Rinse Sprayers for Time of Sale / Retail Programs PAGEREF _Toc535434428 \h 149
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434429" 3.4.4 Fuel Switching: Electric Resistance Water Heaters to Gas / Oil / Propane PAGEREF _Toc535434429 \h 154
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434430" 3.4.5 Fuel Switching: Heat Pump Water Heaters to Gas / Oil / Propane PAGEREF _Toc535434430 \h 160
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434431" 3.5 Refrigeration PAGEREF _Toc535434431 \h 169
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434432" 3.5.1 High-Efficiency Refrigeration/Freezer Cases PAGEREF _Toc535434432 \h 169
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434433" 3.5.2 High-Efficiency Evaporator Fan Motors for Reach-In Refrigerated Cases PAGEREF _Toc535434433 \h 173
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434434" 3.5.3 High-Efficiency Evaporator Fan Motors for Walk-in Refrigerated Cases PAGEREF _Toc535434434 \h 177
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434435" 3.5.4 Controls: Evaporator Fan Controllers PAGEREF _Toc535434435 \h 182
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434436" 3.5.5 Controls: Floating Head Pressure Controls PAGEREF _Toc535434436 \h 185
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434437" 3.5.6 Controls: Anti-Sweat Heater Controls PAGEREF _Toc535434437 \h 189
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434438" 3.5.7 Controls: Evaporator Coil Defrost Control PAGEREF _Toc535434438 \h 193
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434439" 3.5.8 Variable Speed Refrigeration Compressor PAGEREF _Toc535434439 \h 196
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434440" 3.5.9 Strip Curtains for Walk-In Freezers and Coolers PAGEREF _Toc535434440 \h 198
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434441" 3.5.10 Night Covers for Display Cases PAGEREF _Toc535434441 \h 208
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434442" 3.5.11 Auto Closers PAGEREF _Toc535434442 \h 211
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434443" 3.5.12 Door Gaskets for Walk-in and Reach-in Coolers and Freezers PAGEREF _Toc535434443 \h 214
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434444" 3.5.13 Special Doors with Low or No Anti-Sweat Heat for Low Temp Case PAGEREF _Toc535434444 \h 216
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434445" 3.5.14 Suction Pipe Insulation for Walk-In Coolers and Freezers PAGEREF _Toc535434445 \h 219
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434446" 3.5.15 Refrigerated Display Cases with Doors Replacing Open Cases PAGEREF _Toc535434446 \h 221
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434447" 3.5.16 Adding Doors to Existing Refrigerated Display Cases PAGEREF _Toc535434447 \h 223
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434448" 3.6 Appliances PAGEREF _Toc535434448 \h 225
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434449" 3.6.1 ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer PAGEREF _Toc535434449 \h 225
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434450" 3.7 Food Service Equipment PAGEREF _Toc535434450 \h 233
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434451" 3.7.1 High-Efficiency Ice Machines PAGEREF _Toc535434451 \h 233
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434452" 3.7.2 Controls: Beverage Machine Controls PAGEREF _Toc535434452 \h 238
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434453" 3.7.3 Controls: Snack Machine Controls PAGEREF _Toc535434453 \h 241
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434454" 3.7.4 ENERGY STAR Electric Steam Cooker PAGEREF _Toc535434454 \h 243
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434455" 3.7.5 ENERGY STAR Refrigerated Beverage Machine PAGEREF _Toc535434455 \h 248
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434456" 3.8 Building Shell PAGEREF _Toc535434456 \h 251
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434457" 3.8.1 Wall and Ceiling Insulation PAGEREF _Toc535434457 \h 251
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434458" 3.9 Consumer Electronics PAGEREF _Toc535434458 \h 256
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434459" 3.9.1 ENERGY STAR Office Equipment PAGEREF _Toc535434459 \h 256
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434460" 3.9.2 Office Equipment – Network Power Management Enabling PAGEREF _Toc535434460 \h 261
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434461" 3.9.3 Smart Strip Plug Outlets PAGEREF _Toc535434461 \h 264
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434462" 3.10 Compressed Air PAGEREF _Toc535434462 \h 266
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434463" 3.10.1 Cycling Refrigerated Thermal Mass Dryer PAGEREF _Toc535434463 \h 266
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434464" 3.10.2 Air-Entraining Air Nozzle PAGEREF _Toc535434464 \h 269
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434465" 3.10.3 No-Loss Condensate Drains PAGEREF _Toc535434465 \h 273
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434466" 3.10.4 Air Tanks for Load/No Load Compressors PAGEREF _Toc535434466 \h 278
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434467" 3.11 Miscellaneous PAGEREF _Toc535434467 \h 281
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434468" 3.11.1 ENERGY STAR Servers PAGEREF _Toc535434468 \h 281
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434469" 4 Agricultural Measures PAGEREF _Toc535434469 \h 286
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434470" 4.1 Agricultural PAGEREF _Toc535434470 \h 286
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434471" 4.1.1 Automatic Milker Takeoffs PAGEREF _Toc535434471 \h 286
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434472" 4.1.2 Dairy Scroll Compressors PAGEREF _Toc535434472 \h 289
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434473" 4.1.3 High Efficiency Ventilation Fans with and without Thermostats PAGEREF _Toc535434473 \h 292
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434474" 4.1.4 Heat Reclaimers PAGEREF _Toc535434474 \h 296
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434475" 4.1.5 High Volume Low Speed Fans PAGEREF _Toc535434475 \h 299
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434476" 4.1.6 Livestock Waterer PAGEREF _Toc535434476 \h 302
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434477" 4.1.7 Variable Speed Drive (VSD) Controller on Dairy Vacuum Pumps PAGEREF _Toc535434477 \h 305
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434478" 4.1.8 Low Pressure Irrigation System PAGEREF _Toc535434478 \h 309
List of Figures
Figure 31: Dependence of COP on Outdoor Wet Bulb Temperature145
Figure 32: Utilization factor for a sample week in July204
Figure 41: Typical Dairy Vacuum Pump Coincident Peak Demand Reduction325
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434479" Figure 31: Load shapes for hot water in four commercial building types PAGEREF _Toc535434479 \h 137
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434480" Figure 32: Energy to demand factors for four commercial building types PAGEREF _Toc535434480 \h 137
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434481" Figure 33: Dependence of COP on Outdoor Wetbulb Temperature PAGEREF _Toc535434481 \h 139
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434482" Figure 34: Load shapes for hot water in four commercial building types PAGEREF _Toc535434482 \h 145
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434483" Figure 35: Energy to demand factors for four commercial building types. PAGEREF _Toc535434483 \h 145
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434484" Figure 36: Load shapes for hot water in four commercial building types PAGEREF _Toc535434484 \h 150
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434485" Figure 37: Energy to demand factors for four commercial building types. PAGEREF _Toc535434485 \h 151
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434486" Figure 38: Load Shapes for Hot Water in Four Commercial Building Types PAGEREF _Toc535434486 \h 156
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434487" Figure 39: Energy to Demand Factors for Four Commercial Building Types PAGEREF _Toc535434487 \h 156
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434488" Figure 310: Load Shapes for Hot Water in Four Commercial Building Types PAGEREF _Toc535434488 \h 162
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434489" Figure 311: Energy to Demand Factors for Four Commercial Building Types PAGEREF _Toc535434489 \h 162
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434490" Figure 312: Dependence of COP on Outdoor Wetbulb Temperature PAGEREF _Toc535434490 \h 164
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434491" Figure 313: Utilization factor for a sample week in July PAGEREF _Toc535434491 \h 227
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434492" Figure 41: Typical Dairy Vacuum Pump Coincident Peak Demand Reduction PAGEREF _Toc535434492 \h 306
List of Tables
Table 31: Assumed T-8 Baseline Fixtures for Removed T-12 Fixtures13
Table 32: Assumed Generic GSL Baseline Lamps/Fixtures for Removed Incandescent Lamps/Fixtures14
Table 33: Terms, Values, and References for Lighting Improvements17
Table 34: Savings Control Factors Assumptions18
Table 35: Lighting HOU and CF by Building Type for Screw-Based Bulbs19
Table 36: Lighting HOU and CF by Building Type for Other General Service Lighting20
Table 37: Street lighting HOU by EDC21
Table 38: Interactive Factors for All Bulb Types21
Table 39: Interactive Factors for Comfort Cooled Spaces for All Building Types21
Table 310: Connected Load of the Baseline Lighting22
Table 311: Terms, Values, and References for New Construction Lighting27
Table 312: Lighting Power Densities from IECC 2015 Building Area Method Source 228
Table 313: Lighting Power Densities from IECC 2015 Space-by-Space Method Source 228
Table 314: Baseline Exterior Lighting Power Densities Source 231
Table 315: Default Baseline Savings Control Factors Assumptions for New Construction Only32
Table 316: Terms, Values, and References for Lighting Controls37
Table 317: Terms, Values, and References for LED Exit Signs40
Table 318: Terms, Values, and References for LED Channel Signage43
Table 319: Terms, Values, and References for LED Refrigeration Case Lighting46
Table 320: Terms, Values, and References for Lighting Improvements for Midstream Delivery Programs48
Table 321: Baseline Wattage, Omnidirectional Lamps49
Table 322: Baseline Wattage, Decorative Lamps49
Table 323: Baseline Wattage, Directional Lamps50
Table 324: Baseline Wattage, Linear Lamps & Fixtures, HID Interior and Exterior Fixtures51
Table 325: Terms, Values, and References for HVAC Systems56
Table 326: HVAC Baseline Efficiencies58
Table 327: Cooling EFLHs for Pennsylvania Cities60
Table 328: Cooling Demand CFs for Pennsylvania Cities61
Table 329: Heating EFLHs for Pennsylvania Cities62
Table 330: Terms, Values, and References for Electric Chillers65
Table 331: Electric Chiller Baseline Efficiencies66
Table 332: Chiller EFLHs for Pennsylvania Cities67
Table 333: Chiller Demand CFs for Pennsylvania Cities67
Table 334: Water Source or Geothermal Heat Pump Baseline Assumptions70
Table 335: Terms, Values, and References for Geothermal Heat Pumps71
Table 336: Federal Baseline Motor Efficiencies for NEMA Design A and NEMA Design B Motors74
Table 337: Ground/Water Loop Pump and Circulating Pump Efficiency75
Table 338: Default Baseline Equipment Efficiencies76
Table 339: Terms, Values, and References for DHP79
Table 340: ENERGY STAR Requirements for Furnaces and Boilers82
Table 341: Terms, Values, and References for Fuel Switching84
Table 342: Terms, Values, and References for Refrigerant Charge Correction88
Table 343: Refrigerant charge correction COP degradation factor (RCF) for various relative charge adjustments for both TXV metered and non-TXV units89
Table 344: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Room Air Conditioners92
Table 345: RAC Federal Minimum Efficiency and ENERGY STAR Version 4.1 Standards93
Table 346: Casement-Only and Casement-Slider RAC Federal Minimum Efficiency and ENERGY STAR Version 4.1 Standards93
Table 347: Reverse-Cycle RAC Federal Minimum Efficiency Standards and ENERGY STAR Version 4.1 Standards93
Table 348: Terms, Values, and References for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors95
Table 349: Energy Savings for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors – Motels96
Table 350: Energy Savings for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors – Hotels96
Table 351: Peak Demand Savings for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors – Motels96
Table 352: Peak Demand Savings for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors – Hotels97
Table 353: Terms, Values, and References for Economizers99
Table 354: FCHr for PA Climate Zones and Various Operating Conditions99
Table 355: Terms, Values, and References for Computer Room Air Conditioners102
Table 356: Computer Room Air Conditioner Baseline Efficiencies103
Table 357: Terms, Values, and References for CRAC/CRAH EC Plug Fans106
Table 358: Default ‘per HP’ Savings for CRAC/CRAH EC Plug Fans107
Table 359: Terms, Values, and References for CRAC/CRAH VSD on AC Fan Motors109
Table 360: Default Savings for CRAC/CRAH VSD on AC Fan Motors109
Table 361: Terms, Values, and References for HVLS Fans112
Table 362: Default Values for Conventional and HVLS Fan Wattages112
Table 363: Default Hours of Use by Building Type and Region113
Table 364: Terms, Values, and References for Premium Efficiency Motors116
Table 365: Baseline Efficiencies for NEMA Design A and NEMA Design B Motors117
Table 366: Baseline Motor Efficiencies for NEMA Design C Motors118
Table 367: Default RHRS and CFs for Supply Fan Motors in Commercial Buildings119
Table 368: Default RHRS and CFs for Chilled Water Pump (CHWP) Motors in Commercial Buildings121
Table 369: Default RHRS and CFs for Cooling Tower Fan (CTF) Motors in Commercial Buildings122
Table 370: Default RHRS and CFs for Heating Hot Water Pump (HHWP) Motors in Commercial Buildings123
Table 371: Default RHRS and CFs for Condenser Water Pump Motors in Commercial Buildings124
Table 372: Terms, Values, and References for VFDs127
Table 373: Default Load Profiles for HVAC Fans and Pumps128
Table 374: Supply/Return and Cooling Tower Fan Power Part Load Ratios128
Table 375: HVAC Pump Power Part Load Ratios128
Table 376: Terms, Values, and References for ECM Circulating Fans132
Table 377: Default Motor Efficiency by Motor Type133
Table 378: Terms, Values, and References for VSD on Kitchen Exhaust Fans134
Table 379: Terms, Values, and References for ECM Circulator Pumps137
Table 380: Terms, Values, and References for Premium Efficiency Motors141
Table 381: Baseline Pump Energy Indices142
Table 382: Typical water heating Gallons per Year and Energy to Demand Factors144
Table 383: COP Adjustment Factors, Fadjust145
Table 384: Terms, Values, and References for Heat Pump Water Heaters146
Table 385: Minimum Baseline Uniform Energy Factor Based on Storage Volume146
Table 386: Default Energy Savings147
Table 387: Typical Energy to Demand Factors150
Table 388: Terms, Values, and References for Low Flow Pre-Rinse Sprayers150
Table 389: Flow Rate and Usage Duration by Program151
Table 390: Low Flow Pre-Rinse Sprayer Default Savings151
Table 391: Terms, Values, and References for Commercial Water Heater Fuel Switching154
Table 392: Minimum Baseline Uniform Energy Factor for Gas Water Heaters155
Table 393: Water Heating Fuel Switch Energy Savings Algorithms155
Table 394: Terms, Values, and References for High-Efficiency Refrigeration/Freezer Cases157
Table 395: Refrigeration & Freezer Case Efficiencies158
Table 396: Terms, Values, and References for High-Efficiency Evaporator Fan Motors160
Table 397: Terms, Values, and References for Evaporator Fan Controllers163
Table 398: Terms, Values, and References for Floating Head Pressure Controls166
Table 399: Annual Savings kWh/HP by Location167
Table 3100: Default Condenser Type Annual Savings kWh/HP by Location167
Table 3101: Terms, Values, and References for Anti-Sweat Heater Controls170
Table 3102: Per Door Savings with ASDH171
Table 3103: Terms, Values, and References for Evaporator Coil Defrost Controls172
Table 3104: Terms, Values, and References for VSD Compressors175
Table 3105: Terms, Values, and References for Strip Curtains178
Table 3106: Doorway Area Assumptions178
Table 3107: Default Energy Savings and Demand Reductions for Strip Curtains per Square Foot178
Table 3108: Terms, Values, and References for Night Covers180
Table 3109: Savings Factors181
Table 3110: Terms, Values, and References for Auto Closers183
Table 3111: Refrigeration Auto Closers Default Savings183
Table 3112: Terms, Values, and References for Door Gaskets184
Table 3113: Door Gasket Savings Per Door for Walk-in and Reach-in Coolers and Freezers185
Table 3114: Terms, Values, and References for Special Doors with Low or No Anti-Sweat Heat187
Table 3115: Terms, Values, and References for Insulate Bare Refrigeration Suction Pipes189
Table 3116: Insulate Bare Refrigeration Suction Pipes Savings per Linear Foot189
Table 3117: Terms, Values, and References for Refrigerated Display Cases with Doors Replacing Open Cases190
Table 3118: Terms, Values, and References for Adding Doors to Refrigerated Display Cases193
Table 3119: Terms, Values, and References for Air-Cooled Refrigeration Condensers194
Table 3120: Default Savings for Air-Cooled Refrigeration Condensers195
Table 3121: Terms, Values, and References for Refrigerated Case Light Occupancy Sensors196
Table 3122: Default energy and demand savings values, per watt of controlled lighting197
Table 3123: Terms, Values, and References for Refrigeration Economizers199
Table 3124: Hours and kWh Savings per HP for Refrigeration Economizers200
Table 3125: Terms, Values, and References for Commercial Clothes Washers205
Table 3126: Fuel Shares for Water Heaters and Dryers206
Table 3127: Default Savings for Replacing Front-Loading Clothes Washer in Multifamily Buildings with ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer207
Table 3128: Default Savings for Replacing Front-Loading Clothes Washer in Laundromats with ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer207
Table 3129: Criteria for ENERGY STAR Certified Bathroom Ventilation Fans Source 2209
Table 3130: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Bathroom Ventilation Fans210
Table 3131: Default Savings for ENERGY STAR Bathroom Ventilation Fans in Commercial Applications210
Table 3132: Terms, Values, and References for High-Efficiency Ice Machines213
Table 3133: Batch-Type Ice Machine Baseline Efficiencies213
Table 3134: Continuous Type Ice Machine Baseline Efficiencies214
Table 3135: Batch-Type Ice Machine ENERGY STAR Efficiencies214
Table 3136: Continuous Type Ice Machine ENERGY STAR Efficiencies215
Table 3137: Terms, Values, and References for Beverage Machine Controls217
Table 3138: Default Savings for Beverage Machine Controls217
Table 3139: Terms, Values, and References for Snack Machine Controls219
Table 3140: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Electric Steam Cookers222
Table 3141: Default Values for Electric Steam Cookers by Number of Pans223
Table 3142: Combination Oven Eligibility Requirements225
Table 3143: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Combination Ovens226
Table 3144: Default Baseline and Efficient-Case Values for ElecEFF227
Table 3145: Default Baseline Values for ElecIDLE228
Table 3146: Default Baseline Values for ElecPC228
Table 3147: Default Efficient-Case Values for ElecPC228
Table 3148: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Commercial Electric Convection Ovens230
Table 3149: Electric Oven Performance Metrics: Baseline and Efficient Default Values231
Table 3150: Default Unit Savings and Demand Reduction for ENERGY STAR Commercial Electric Convection Ovens.231
Table 3151: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Commercial Fryers233
Table 3152: Electric Fryer Performance Metrics: Baseline and Efficient Default Values234
Table 3153: Default for ENERGY STAR Commercial Electric Fryers234
Table 3154: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Commercial Hot Food Holding Cabinets236
Table 3155: Hot Food Holding Cabinet Performance Metrics: Default Baseline and Efficient Value Equations236
Table 3156: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Commercial Dishwashers239
Table 3157: Default Inputs for ENERGY STAR Commercial Dishwasher240
Table 3158: Default Annual Energy and Peak Demand Savings for ENERGY STAR Commercial Dishwashers240
Table 3159: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Griddles243
Table 3160: Default Savings for ENERGY STAR Griddles244
Table 3161: Terms, Values, and References for Wall and Ceiling Insulation246
Table 3162: Initial R-Values247
Table 3163: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Office Equipment250
Table 3164: ENERGY STAR Office Equipment Measure Life251
Table 3165: ENERGY STAR Office Equipment Energy and Demand Savings Values252
Table 3166: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Office Equipment255
Table 3167: Network Power Controls, Per Unit Summary Table255
Table 3168: Terms, Values, and References for Smart Strip Plug Outlets258
Table 3169: Impact Factors for APS Strip Types258
Table 3170: Default Savings for APS Strip Types258
Table 3171: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Servers261
Table 3172: ENERGY STAR Server Utilization Default Assumptions261
Table 3173: ENERGY STAR Server Ratio of Idle Power to Full Load Power Factors261
Table 3174: Terms, Values, and References for Server Virtualization265
Table 3175: Server Utilization Default Assumptions265
Table 3176: ENERGY STAR Server Ratio of Idle Power to Full Load Power Factors266
Table 3177: Terms, Values, and References for Cycling Refrigerated Thermal Mass Dryers269
Table 3178: Default Hours and Coincidence Factors by Shift Type269
Table 3179: Default Savings per HP for Cycling Refrigerated Thermal Mass Dryers270
Table 3180: Terms, Values, and References for Air-entraining Air Nozzles272
Table 3181: Baseline Nozzle Flow272
Table 3182: Air Entraining Nozzle Flow272
Table 3183: Average Compressor kW / CFM (COMP)273
Table 3184: Default Hours and Coincidence Factors by Shift Type273
Table 3185: Terms, Values, and References for No-loss Condensate Drains276
Table 3186: Average Air Loss Rates (ALR)277
Table 3187: Average Compressor kW/CFM (COMP)277
Table 3188: Adjustment Factor (AF)278
Table 3189: Default Hours and Coincidence Factors by Shift Type278
Table 3190: Terms, Values, and References for Air Tanks for Load/No Load Compressors281
Table 3191: Default Hours and Coincidence Factors by Shift Type281
Table 3192: Default Savings per HP for Air Tanks for Load/No Load Compressors282
Table 3193: Terms, Values, and References for Variable-Speed Drive Air Compressors284
Table 3194: Default Hours and Coincidence Factors by Shift Type284
Table 3195: Default Savings per HP for Variable-Speed Drive Air Compressors285
Table 3196: Terms, Values, and References for Compressed Air Controllers287
Table 3197: Default Hours and Coincidence Factors by Shift Type287
Table 3198: Default Savings per HP for Compressed Air Controllers288
Table 3199: Terms, Values, and References for Compressed Air Low Pressure Drop Filters290
Table 3200: Default Hours and Coincidence Factors by Shift Type290
Table 3201: Default Savings per HP for Compressed Air Low Pressure Drop Filters291
Table 3202: Terms, Values, and References for Compressed Air Mist Eliminators293
Table 3203: Default Hours and Coincidence Factors by Shift Type294
Table 3204: Default Savings per HP for Compressed Air Mist Eliminators294
Table 3205: Terms, Values, and References for High Efficiency Transformers297
Table 3206: Baseline Efficiencies for Low-Voltage Dry-Type Distribution Transformers297
Table 3207: Terms, Values, and References for Engine Block Heater Timer299
Table 3208: Default Savings for Engine Block Heater Timer300
Table 3209: Terms, Values, and References for High Frequency Battery Chargers302
Table 3210: Default Values for Number of Charges Per Year303
Table 3211: Default Savings for High Frequency Battery Charging303
Table 3212: Terms, Values, and References for C&I Load Curtailment307
Table 41: Terms, Values, and References for Automatic Milker Takeoffs308
Table 42: Terms, Values, and References for Dairy Scroll Compressors311
Table 43: Terms, Values, and References for Ventilation Fans314
Table 44: Default values for standard and high efficiency ventilation fans for dairy and swine facilities314
Table 45: Default Hours for Ventilation Fans by Facility Type by Location (No Thermostat)315
Table 46: Default Hours for Ventilation Fans by Facility Type by Location (With Thermostat)315
Table 47: Terms, Values, and References for Heat Reclaimers318
Table 48: Terms, Values, and References for HVLS Fans320
Table 49: Default Values for Conventional and HVLS Fan Wattages321
Table 410: Default Hours by Location for Dairy/Poultry/Swine Applications321
Table 411: Terms, Values, and References for Livestock Waterers322
Table 412: Terms, Values, and References for VSD Controller on Dairy Vacuum Pump326
Table 413: Terms, Values, and References for Low Pressure Irrigation Systems329
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434493" Table 31: EISA 2007 Standards for General Service Fluorescent Bulbs PAGEREF _Toc535434493 \h 11
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434494" Table 32: Assumed T-8 Baseline Fixtures for Removed T-12 Fixtures PAGEREF _Toc535434494 \h 11
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434495" Table 33: Variables for Retrofit Lighting PAGEREF _Toc535434495 \h 12
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434496" Table 34: Savings Control Factors Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434496 \h 13
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434497" Table 35: Lighting HOU and CF by Building Type for Screw-Based Bulbs PAGEREF _Toc535434497 \h 14
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434498" Table 36: Lighting HOU and CF by Building Type for Other General Service Lighting PAGEREF _Toc535434498 \h 14
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434499" Table 37: Street lighting HOU by EDC PAGEREF _Toc535434499 \h 15
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434500" Table 38: Interactive Factors for All Bulb Types PAGEREF _Toc535434500 \h 15
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434501" Table 39: Interactive Factors for Comfort Cooled Spaces for All Building Types PAGEREF _Toc535434501 \h 16
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434502" Table 310: Variables for New Construction Lighting PAGEREF _Toc535434502 \h 21
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434503" Table 311: Lighting Power Densities from ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Building Area Method PAGEREF _Toc535434503 \h 22
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434504" Table 312: Lighting Power Densities from ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Space-by-Space Method PAGEREF _Toc535434504 \h 23
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434505" Table 313: Baseline Exterior Lighting Power Densities PAGEREF _Toc535434505 \h 26
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434506" Table 314: Default Baseline Savings Control Factors Assumptions for New Construction Only PAGEREF _Toc535434506 \h 28
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434507" Table 315: Lighting Controls Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434507 \h 33
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434508" Table 316: Assumptions for LED Traffic Signals PAGEREF _Toc535434508 \h 35
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434509" Table 317: Default Values for Traffic Signal and Pedestrian Signage Upgrades PAGEREF _Toc535434509 \h 36
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434510" Table 318: LED Exit Signs Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434510 \h 38
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434511" Table 319: LED Exit Signs Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434511 \h 39
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434512" Table 320: LED Channel Signage Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434512 \h 42
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434513" Table 321: Power demand of baseline (neon and argon-mercury) and energy-efficient (LED) signs PAGEREF _Toc535434513 \h 43
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434514" Table 322: LED: Refrigeration Case Lighting – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434514 \h 45
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434515" Table 323: Variables for HVAC Systems PAGEREF _Toc535434515 \h 48
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434516" Table 324: HVAC Baseline Efficiencies PAGEREF _Toc535434516 \h 51
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434517" Table 325: Air Conditioning EFLHs for Pennsylvania Cities PAGEREF _Toc535434517 \h 53
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434518" Table 326: Air Conditioning Demand CFs for Pennsylvania Cities PAGEREF _Toc535434518 \h 54
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434519" Table 327: Heat Pump EFLHs for Pennsylvania Cities PAGEREF _Toc535434519 \h 55
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434520" Table 328: Electric Chiller Variables PAGEREF _Toc535434520 \h 58
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434521" Table 329: Electric Chiller Baseline Efficiencies (IECC 2009) PAGEREF _Toc535434521 \h 59
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434522" Table 330: Chiller EFLHs for Pennsylvania Cities PAGEREF _Toc535434522 \h 60
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434523" Table 331: Chiller Demand CFs for Pennsylvania Cities PAGEREF _Toc535434523 \h 61
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434524" Table 332: Water Source or Geothermal Heat Pump Baseline Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434524 \h 63
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434525" Table 333: Geothermal Heat Pump– Values and Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434525 \h 66
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434526" Table 334: Federal Baseline Motor Efficiencies for NEMA Design A and NEMA Design B Motors PAGEREF _Toc535434526 \h 70
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434527" Table 335: Ground/Water Loop Pump and Circulating Pump Efficiency PAGEREF _Toc535434527 \h 71
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434528" Table 336: Default Baseline Equipment Efficiencies PAGEREF _Toc535434528 \h 71
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434529" Table 337: DHP – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434529 \h 75
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434530" Table 338: Act 129 Sunset Dates for ENERGY STAR Furnaces PAGEREF _Toc535434530 \h 78
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434531" Table 339: ENERGY STAR Requirements for Furnaces and Boilers PAGEREF _Toc535434531 \h 79
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434532" Table 340: Variables for HVAC Systems PAGEREF _Toc535434532 \h 80
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434533" Table 341: HVAC Baseline Efficiency Values PAGEREF _Toc535434533 \h 81
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434534" Table 342: Refrigerant Charge Correction Calculations Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434534 \h 85
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434535" Table 343: Refrigerant charge correction COP degradation factor (RCF) for various relative charge adjustments for both TXV metered and non-TXV units. PAGEREF _Toc535434535 \h 88
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434536" Table 344: Variables for HVAC Systems PAGEREF _Toc535434536 \h 91
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434537" Table 345: RAC Federal Minimum Efficiency and ENERGY STAR Version 4.0 Standards PAGEREF _Toc535434537 \h 92
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434538" Table 346: Casement-Only and Casement-Slider RAC Federal Minimum Efficiency and ENERGY STAR Version 4.0 Standards PAGEREF _Toc535434538 \h 92
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434539" Table 347: Reverse-Cycle RAC Federal Minimum Efficiency Standards and ENERGY STAR Version 4.0 Standards PAGEREF _Toc535434539 \h 93
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434540" Table 348: Guest Room Occupancy Sensor – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434540 \h 95
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434541" Table 349: Energy Savings for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors – Motels PAGEREF _Toc535434541 \h 95
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434542" Table 350: Energy Savings for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors – Hotels PAGEREF _Toc535434542 \h 95
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434543" Table 351: Peak Demand Savings for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors – Motels PAGEREF _Toc535434543 \h 96
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434544" Table 352: Peak Demand Savings for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors – Hotels PAGEREF _Toc535434544 \h 96
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434545" Table 353: Economizer – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434545 \h 99
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434546" Table 354: FCHr for PA Climate Zones and Various Operating Conditions PAGEREF _Toc535434546 \h 99
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434547" Table 355: Default HVAC Efficiencies for Non-Residential Buildings PAGEREF _Toc535434547 \h 99
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434548" Table 356: Building Mechanical System Variables for Premium Efficiency Motor Calculations PAGEREF _Toc535434548 \h 105
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434549" Table 357: Baseline Efficiencies for NEMA Design A and NEMA Design B Motors PAGEREF _Toc535434549 \h 105
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434550" Table 358: Baseline Motor Efficiencies for NEMA Design C Motors PAGEREF _Toc535434550 \h 107
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434551" Table 359: Default RHRS and CFs for Supply Fan Motors in Commercial Buildings PAGEREF _Toc535434551 \h 108
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434552" Table 360: Default RHRS and CFs for Chilled Water Pump (CHWP) Motors in Commercial Buildings PAGEREF _Toc535434552 \h 112
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434553" Table 361: Default RHRS and CFs for Cooling Tower Fan (CTF) Motors in Commercial Buildings PAGEREF _Toc535434553 \h 114
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434554" Table 362: Default RHRS and CFs for Heating Hot Water Pump (HHWP) Motors in Commercial Buildings PAGEREF _Toc535434554 \h 116
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434555" Table 363: Default RHRS and CFs for Condenser Water Pump Motors in Commercial Buildings PAGEREF _Toc535434555 \h 118
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434556" Table 364: Variables for VFD Calculations PAGEREF _Toc535434556 \h 120
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434557" Table 365: ESF and DSF for Typical Commercial VFD Installations PAGEREF _Toc535434557 \h 121
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434558" Table 366: ECM Circulating Fan – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434558 \h 125
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434559" Table 367: Default Motor Wattage (WATTSbase and WATTSee) for Circulating Fan PAGEREF _Toc535434559 \h 128
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434560" Table 368: VSD on Kitchen Exhaust Fan – Variables and References PAGEREF _Toc535434560 \h 130
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434561" Table 369: Typical water heating loads PAGEREF _Toc535434561 \h 132
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434562" Table 370: COP Adjustment Factors PAGEREF _Toc535434562 \h 134
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434563" Table 371: Heat Pump Water Heater Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434563 \h 136
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434564" Table 372: Minimum Baseline Energy Factor Based on Tank Size PAGEREF _Toc535434564 \h 137
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434565" Table 373: Energy Savings Algorithms PAGEREF _Toc535434565 \h 137
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434566" Table 374: Low Flow Pre-Rinse Sprayer Calculations Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434566 \h 143
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434567" Table 375: Low Flow Pre-Rinse Sprayer Calculations Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434567 \h 147
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434568" Table 376: Low Flow Pre-Rinse Sprayer Default Savings PAGEREF _Toc535434568 \h 148
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434569" Table 377: Commercial Water Heater Fuel Switch Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434569 \h 153
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434570" Table 378: Minimum Baseline Energy Factor Based on Tank Size PAGEREF _Toc535434570 \h 154
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434571" Table 379: Water Heating Fuel Switch Energy Savings Algorithms PAGEREF _Toc535434571 \h 154
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434572" Table 380: COP Adjustment Factors PAGEREF _Toc535434572 \h 159
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434573" Table 381: Heat Pump Water Heater Fuel Switch Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434573 \h 161
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434574" Table 382: Minimum Baseline Energy Factors Based on Tank Size PAGEREF _Toc535434574 \h 162
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434575" Table 383: Energy Savings Algorithms PAGEREF _Toc535434575 \h 162
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434576" Table 384: Refrigeration Cases - References PAGEREF _Toc535434576 \h 166
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434577" Table 385: Refrigeration & Freezer Case Efficiencies (PY8) PAGEREF _Toc535434577 \h 166
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434578" Table 386: Refrigeration Case Savings (PY8) PAGEREF _Toc535434578 \h 167
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434579" Table 387: Freezer Case Savings (PY8) PAGEREF _Toc535434579 \h 167
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434580" Table 3-88: Refrigerator and Freezer Case Baseline Efficiencies (PY9-PY12) PAGEREF _Toc535434580 \h 167
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434581" Table 389: Variables for High-Efficiency Evaporator Fan Motor PAGEREF _Toc535434581 \h 170
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434582" Table 390: Variables for HE Evaporator Fan Motor PAGEREF _Toc535434582 \h 171
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434583" Table 391: PSC to ECM Deemed Savings PAGEREF _Toc535434583 \h 171
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434584" Table 392: Shaded Pole to ECM Deemed Savings PAGEREF _Toc535434584 \h 172
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434585" Table 393: Variables for High-Efficiency Evaporator Fan Motor PAGEREF _Toc535434585 \h 174
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434586" Table 394: Variables for HE Evaporator Fan Motor PAGEREF _Toc535434586 \h 175
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434587" Table 395: PSC to ECM Deemed Savings PAGEREF _Toc535434587 \h 175
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434588" Table 396: Shaded Pole to ECM Deemed Savings PAGEREF _Toc535434588 \h 176
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434589" Table 397: Evaporator Fan Controller Calculations Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434589 \h 179
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434590" Table 398: Floating Head Pressure Controls – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434590 \h 182
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434591" Table 399: Annual Savings kWh/HP by Location PAGEREF _Toc535434591 \h 183
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434592" Table 3100: Default Condenser Type Annual Savings kWh/HP by Location PAGEREF _Toc535434592 \h 183
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434593" Table 3101 Anti-Sweat Heater Controls – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434593 \h 186
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434594" Table 3102: Recommended Fully Deemed Impact Estimates PAGEREF _Toc535434594 \h 187
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434595" Table 3103: Evaporator Coil Defrost Control – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434595 \h 190
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434596" Table 3104: Savings Factor for Reduced Cooling Load PAGEREF _Toc535434596 \h 190
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434597" Table 3105: VSD Compressor – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434597 \h 193
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434598" Table 3106: Strip Curtain Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434598 \h 196
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434599" Table 3107: Default Energy Savings and Demand Reductions for Strip Curtains PAGEREF _Toc535434599 \h 197
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434600" Table 3108: Strip Curtain Calculation Assumptions for Supermarkets PAGEREF _Toc535434600 \h 198
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434601" Table 3109: Strip Curtain Calculation Assumptions for Convenience Stores PAGEREF _Toc535434601 \h 200
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434602" Table 3110: Strip Curtain Calculation Assumptions for Restaurants PAGEREF _Toc535434602 \h 201
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434603" Table 3111: Strip Curtain Calculation Assumptions for Refrigerated Warehouses PAGEREF _Toc535434603 \h 202
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434604" Table 3112: Night Covers Calculations Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434604 \h 205
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434605" Table 3113: Savings Factors PAGEREF _Toc535434605 \h 205
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434606" Table 3114: Auto Closers Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434606 \h 208
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434607" Table 3115: Refrigeration Auto Closers Deemed Savings PAGEREF _Toc535434607 \h 208
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434608" Table 3116: Door Gasket Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434608 \h 211
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434609" Table 3117: Door Gasket Savings Per Linear Foot for Walk-in and Reach-in Coolers and Freezers PAGEREF _Toc535434609 \h 211
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434610" Table 3118: Special Doors with Low or No Anti-Sweat Heat for Low Temp Case Calculations Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434610 \h 213
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434611" Table 3119: Insulate Bare Refrigeration Suction Pipes Calculations Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434611 \h 216
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434612" Table 3120: Insulate Bare Refrigeration Suction Pipes Savings per Linear Foot for Walk-in Coolers and Freezers of Restaurants and Grocery Stores PAGEREF _Toc535434612 \h 216
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434613" Table 3121: Assumptions for Adding Doors to Refrigerated Display Cases PAGEREF _Toc535434613 \h 218
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434614" Table 3122: Assumptions for Adding Doors to Refrigerated Display Cases PAGEREF _Toc535434614 \h 220
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434615" Table 3123: Commercial Clothes Washer Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434615 \h 224
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434616" Table 3124: Default Savings for Top Loading ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer for Laundry in Multifamily Buildings (PY8-PY9) PAGEREF _Toc535434616 \h 226
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434617" Table 3125: Default Savings for Front Loading ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer for Laundry in Multifamily Buildings (PY8-PY9) PAGEREF _Toc535434617 \h 226
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434618" Table 3126: Default Savings for Top Loading ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer for Laundromats (PY8-PY9) PAGEREF _Toc535434618 \h 227
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434619" Table 3127: Default Savings Front Loading ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer for Laundromats (PY8-PY9) PAGEREF _Toc535434619 \h 227
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434620" Table 3128: Future Federal Standards for Clothes Washers (PY10-PY12) PAGEREF _Toc535434620 \h 228
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434621" Table 3129: Ice Machine Reference Values for Algorithm Components PAGEREF _Toc535434621 \h 230
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434622" Table 3130: Batch-Type Ice Machine Baseline Efficiencies (PY8-PY9) PAGEREF _Toc535434622 \h 231
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434623" Table 3131: Batch-Type Ice Machine ENERGY STAR Efficiencies (PY8-PY9) PAGEREF _Toc535434623 \h 231
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434624" Table 3132: Batch-Type Ice Machine Baseline Efficiencies (PY10-PY12) PAGEREF _Toc535434624 \h 232
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434625" Table 3133: Continuous Type Ice Machine Baseline Efficiencies (PY10-PY12) PAGEREF _Toc535434625 \h 232
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434626" Table 3134: Batch-Type Ice Machine ENERGY STAR Efficiencies (PY10-PY12) PAGEREF _Toc535434626 \h 233
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434627" Table 3135: Continuous Type Ice Machine ENERGY STAR Efficiencies (PY10-PY12) PAGEREF _Toc535434627 \h 233
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434628" Table 3136: Beverage Machine Control Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434628 \h 235
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434629" Table 3137: Beverage Machine Controls Energy Savings PAGEREF _Toc535434629 \h 236
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434630" Table 3138: Snack Machine Controls – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434630 \h 237
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434631" Table 3139: Steam Cooker - Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434631 \h 241
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434632" Table 3140: Default Values for Electric Steam Cookers by Number of Pans PAGEREF _Toc535434632 \h 242
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434633" Table 3141: ENERGY STAR Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machine – Values and Resources PAGEREF _Toc535434633 \h 245
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434634" Table 3142: Default Beverage Vending Machine Energy Savings PAGEREF _Toc535434634 \h 245
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434635" Table 3143: Non-Residential Insulation – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434635 \h 248
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434636" Table 3144: Ceiling R-Values by Building Type PAGEREF _Toc535434636 \h 250
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434637" Table 3145: Wall R-Values by Building Type PAGEREF _Toc535434637 \h 250
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434638" Table 3146: ENERGY STAR Office Equipment - References PAGEREF _Toc535434638 \h 254
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434639" Table 3147: ENERGY STAR Office Equipment Measure Life PAGEREF _Toc535434639 \h 255
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434640" Table 3148: ENERGY STAR Office Equipment Energy and Demand Savings Values PAGEREF _Toc535434640 \h 255
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434641" Table 3149: Network Power Controls, Per Unit Summary Table PAGEREF _Toc535434641 \h 258
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434642" Table 3150: Smart Strip Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434642 \h 261
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434643" Table 3151: Cycling Refrigerated Thermal Mass Dryer – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434643 \h 263
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434644" Table 3152: Annual Hours of Compressor Operation PAGEREF _Toc535434644 \h 263
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434645" Table 3153: Coincidence Factors PAGEREF _Toc535434645 \h 263
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434646" Table 3154: Air-entraining Air Nozzle – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434646 \h 266
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434647" Table 3155: Baseline Nozzle Mass Flow PAGEREF _Toc535434647 \h 266
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434648" Table 3156: Air Entraining Nozzle Mass Flow PAGEREF _Toc535434648 \h 266
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434649" Table 3157: Average Compressor kW / CFM (COMP) PAGEREF _Toc535434649 \h 266
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434650" Table 3158: Annual Hours of Compressor Operation PAGEREF _Toc535434650 \h 267
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434651" Table 3159: Coincidence Factor PAGEREF _Toc535434651 \h 267
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434652" Table 3160: No-loss Condensate Drains – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434652 \h 270
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434653" Table 3161: Average Air Loss Rates (ALR) PAGEREF _Toc535434653 \h 271
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434654" Table 3162: Average Compressor kW/CFM (COMP) PAGEREF _Toc535434654 \h 271
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434655" Table 3163: Adjustment Factor (AF) PAGEREF _Toc535434655 \h 271
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434656" Table 3164: Annual Hours of Compressor Operation PAGEREF _Toc535434656 \h 272
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434657" Table 3165: Coincidence Factor PAGEREF _Toc535434657 \h 272
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434658" Table 13166: Assumptions for Air Tanks for Load/No Load Compressors PAGEREF _Toc535434658 \h 275
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434659" Table 3167: Annual Hours of Compressor Operation, HOURS PAGEREF _Toc535434659 \h 275
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434660" Table 3168: ENERGY STAR Server Measure Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434660 \h 278
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434661" Table 3169: ENERGY STAR Server Utilization Default Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434661 \h 278
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434662" Table 3170: ENERGY STAR Server Ratio of Idle Power to Full Load Power Factors PAGEREF _Toc535434662 \h 278
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434663" Table 41: Variables for Automatic Milker Takeoffs PAGEREF _Toc535434663 \h 283
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434664" Table 42: Variables for Dairy Scroll Compressors PAGEREF _Toc535434664 \h 286
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434665" Table 43: Variables for Ventilation Fans PAGEREF _Toc535434665 \h 289
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434666" Table 44: Default values for standard and high efficiency ventilation fans for dairy and swine facilities PAGEREF _Toc535434666 \h 290
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434667" Table 45. Default Hours for Ventilation Fans by Facility Type by Location (No Thermostat) PAGEREF _Toc535434667 \h 290
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434668" Table 46. Default Hours Reduced by Thermostats by Facility Type and Location PAGEREF _Toc535434668 \h 290
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434669" Table 47: Variables for Heat Reclaimers PAGEREF _Toc535434669 \h 293
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434670" Table 48: Variables for HVLS Fans PAGEREF _Toc535434670 \h 296
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434671" Table 49: Default Values for Conventional and HVLS Fan Wattages PAGEREF _Toc535434671 \h 296
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434672" Table 410. Default Hours by Location for Dairy/Poultry/Swine Applications PAGEREF _Toc535434672 \h 297
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434673" Table 411: Variables for Livestock Waterers PAGEREF _Toc535434673 \h 299
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434674" Table 412: Variables for VSD Controller on Dairy Vacuum Pump PAGEREF _Toc535434674 \h 303
HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434675" Table 413: Variables for Low Pressure Irrigation Systems PAGEREF _Toc535434675 \h 306
State of Pennsylvania – Technical Reference Manual Vol. 3: – Rev Date: August 2019
Commercial and Industrial MeasuresFeb 2017
Contents
Page x
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
20212016 TECHNICAL REFERENCE MANUAL
Page xi
Commercial and Industrial Measures
The following section of the TRM contains savings protocols for commercial and industrial measures.
LightingLighting Improvements
Measure Name
Lighting Fixture Improvements
Target Sector
Commercial and Industrial Establishments
Measure Unit
Lighting Equipment
Unit Energy Savings
Variable
Unit Peak Demand Reduction
Variable
Measure Life
New Linear Fluorescent Fixture: 15 years
Lamp Only: LED, Screw-in: 15 years
Lamp Only: Induction Lamps: 6 years
Lamp Only: Metal Halide Lamps: 6 years
Lamp Only: High Pressure Sodium Lamps: 12 years
Lamp Only: Mercury Vapor Lamps: 6 years
Lamp Only: T8 Lamps: 10 years
Lamp Only: LED, Linear, Type A: 7 years Source 1
Lamp Only: LED, Linear, Type B: 15 years
Lamp Only: LED, Linear, Type C: 15 years
Permanent Fixture Removal: 13 years
Permanent Lamp Removal: 11 years Source 2Variable[footnoteRef:2] [2: ]
Measure Vintage
Early Replacement or Permanent Removal
Eligibility
Lighting improvements include fixture or lamp and ballast replacement and/or permanent removal in existing commercial and industrial customers’ facilities.[footnoteRef:3] Installed and removed lamps and fixtures are broken down into two distinct types based on common load shapes: Screw-based and Other General Service. Screw-based bulbs consist of self-ballasted incandescent, halogen, CFL, and LED bulbs; Other General Service Lighting consists of all other fixture and lamp types, including but not limited to linear fluorescents, metal halides, high intensity discharge lamps, and hardwired/pin-based CFLs and LEDs. [3: Permanent fixture and lamp removal savings do not include replacements. Customers are responsible for determining whether permanent fixture and/or lamp removal will maintain or exceed minimum lighting requirements. Recommended light levels are provided by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA).]
To be eligible for savings from permanent fixture and lamp removal, customer must have permanently removed unneeded, functional light fixtures, lamps, lamp holders, and/or ballasts in accordance with local regulations. The removal of non-operational equipment is not eligible for the defined savings.
Permanent lamp removal includes the permanent removal of existing 8’, 4’, 3’ and 2’ T8 fluorescent lamps. The savings are defined on a per-removed-lamp basis and don’t include savings from lamp replacements.
Note that the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (“EPACT 2005”) and Energy Independence and Security Act (“EISA”) 2007, and subsequent federal rulemakings, standards introduced new efficacy standards for linear fluorescent bulbs and ballasts, effectively phasing out magnetic ballasts (effective October 1, 2010) and most T-12 bulbs (effective July 14, 2012). This inducedinduces a shift in what a participant would have purchased in the absence of the program because T-12 bulbs on magnetic ballasts are no longer viable options and, therefore, adjusts the baseline assumption. With this understanding, standard T-8s becamewill become the baseline for all T-12 linear fluorescent retrofits beginning June 1, 2016 (PY8). The EISA 2007 standards for general service fluorescent bulbs are provided in REF _Ref414025713 \h Table 31. The comparable baseline for any removed standard T-12 fixture will be the T-8 fixture of the same length and lamp count. The comparable baseline for any removed high-output T-12 fixture will be the T-8 fixture of the same length and lamp count with a ballast factor equal to 0.98. The assumed T-8 baseline fixtures and wattages associated with the most common T-12 fixture configurations are presented in Table 31. For small business direct install programs where wattage of the existing T-12 fixture is known, and the existing fixture was in working condition, wattage of the existing fixture removed by the program may be used as the baseline wattage in lieu of the table below. In such cases, the lighting equipment must be replaced directly by an ICSP and not a lighting trade ally.
REF _Ref414025724 \h
Table 32.
Table 31: EISA 2007 Standards for General Service Fluorescent Bulbs[footnoteRef:4] [4: HYPERLINK "http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-110hr6enr/pdf/BILLS-110hr6enr.pdf" ]
Lamp Type
Nominal Lamp Wattage
Minimum (Color Rendering Index) CRI
Minimum Average Lamp Efficacy (LPW)
4-foot medium bi-pin
>35 W
69
75.0
≤35 W
45
75.0
2-foot U-shaped
>35 W
69
68.0
≤35 W
45
64.0
8-foot slimline
65 W
69
80.0
≤65 W
45
80.0
8-foot high output
>100 W
69
80.0
≤100 W
45
80.0
Table 32: Assumed T-8 Baseline Fixtures for Removed T-12 Fixtures
T-12 Lamp Length
T-12 Lamp Type
T-12 Lamp Count
Assumed T-8 Baseline Fixture Code
Assumed T-8 Baseline Wattage
24”
Standard
1
F21ILL
20
24”
Standard
2
F22ILL
33
24”
Standard
3
F23ILL
47
24”
Standard
4
F24ILL
61
36”
Standard
1
F31ILL
26
36”
Standard
2
F32ILL
46
36”
Standard
3
F33ILL
67
36”
Standard
4
F34ILL
87
48”
Standard
1
F41ILL
31
48”
Standard
2
F42ILL
59
48”
Standard
3
F43ILL
89
48”
Standard
4
F44ILL
112
48”
Standard
6
F46ILL
175
48”
Standard
8
F48ILL
224
60”
Standard
1
F51ILL
36
60”
Standard
2
F52ILL
72
72”
Standard
1
F61ILL
55
72”
Standard
2
F62ILL
111
96”
Standard
1
F81ILL
58
96”
Standard
2
F82ILL
109
96”
Standard
3
F83ILL
167
96”
Standard
4
F84ILL
219
96”
Standard
6
F86ILL
328
96”
High-Output
1
F81LHL
85
96”
High-Output
2
F82LHL
160
96”
High-Output
3
F83LHL
253
96”
High-Output
4
F84LHL
320
96”
High-Output
6
F86LHL
506
Similarly, the EISA “backstop” provision introduced new efficacy standards for general service lamps (effective January 1, 2020) effectively requiring a minimum efficacy of 45 lm/W for most general service lamps. This induced a shift in what a participant would have purchased in the absence of the program because standard and halogen incandescent lamps are no longer viable options and, therefore, adjusts the baseline assumption. With this understanding, a generic general service lamp with an efficacy of 45 lm/W will become the assumed baseline for the majority of incandescent lamp retrofits beginning January 1, 2020.[footnoteRef:5] The comparable baseline for any removed incandescent lamps will be a generic general service lamp with similar lumen output. The assumed generic general service lamp baseline lamps/fixtures and wattages associated with the most common incandescent lamp/fixture configurations are presented in Table 32. [5: By definition, general service lamps are limited to lamps with initial lumen output of greater than or equal to 310 lumens and less than or equal to 3,300 lumens, so very low and high output lamps are unaffected by this baseline shift.]
Table 32: Assumed Generic GSL Baseline Lamps/Fixtures for Removed Incandescent Lamps/Fixtures
Removed Lamp/Fixture Description
Lamp Count
BaselineFixture Code
Assumed Baseline Fixture Wattage
Incandescent, (1) 34W lamp
1
GSL8/1
8
Incandescent, (1) 40W ES lamp
1
GSL8/1
8
Incandescent, (1) 40W ES/LL lamp
1
GSL8/1
8
Incandescent, (1) 36W lamp
1
GSL8/1
8
Incandescent, (1) 40W lamp
1
GSL10/1
10
Incandescent, (1) 42W lamp
1
GSL11/1
11
Incandescent, (1) 45W lamp
1
GSL11/1
11
Incandescent, (1) 50W lamp
1
GSL13/1
13
Incandescent, (1) 52W lamp
1
GSL13/1
13
Incandescent, (1) 60W ES lamp
1
GSL13/1
13
Incandescent, (1) 60W ES/LL lamp
1
GSL13/1
13
Incandescent, (1) 54W lamp
1
GSL14/1
14
Incandescent, (1) 55W lamp
1
GSL14/1
14
Incandescent, (1) 60W lamp
1
GSL17/1
17
Incandescent, (1) 65W lamp
1
GSL18/1
18
Incandescent, (1) 67W lamp
1
GSL19/1
19
Incandescent, (1) 75W ES lamp
1
GSL19/1
19
Incandescent, (1) 75W ES/LL lamp
1
GSL19/1
19
Incandescent, (1) 69W lamp
1
GSL19/1
19
Incandescent, (1) 72W lamp
1
GSL20/1
20
Incandescent, (1) 75W lamp
1
GSL23/1
23
Incandescent, (1) 80W lamp
1
GSL25/1
25
Incandescent, (1) 85W lamp
1
GSL26/1
26
Incandescent, (1) 100W ES lamp
1
GSL28/1
28
Incandescent, (1) 100W ES/LL lamp
1
GSL28/1
28
Incandescent, (1) 90W lamp
1
GSL28/1
28
Incandescent, (1) 93W lamp
1
GSL29/1
29
Incandescent, (1) 95W lamp
1
GSL30/1
30
Incandescent, (1) 100W lamp
1
GSL33/1
33
Incandescent, (1) 120W lamp
1
GSL40/1
40
Incandescent, (1) 125W lamp
1
GSL44/1
44
Incandescent, (1) 135W lamp
1
GSL48/1
48
Incandescent, (1) 150W ES lamp
1
GSL48/1
48
Incandescent, (1) 150W ES/LL lamp
1
GSL48/1
48
Incandescent, (1) 150W lamp
1
GSL58/1
58
Incandescent, (1) 170W lamp
1
GSL66/1
66
Incandescent, (2) 34W lamp
2
GSL8/2
16
Incandescent, (2) 40W lamp
2
GSL10/2
20
Incandescent, (2) 50W lamp
2
GSL13/2
26
Incandescent, (2) 52W lamp
2
GSL13/2
26
Incandescent, (2) 54W lamp
2
GSL14/2
28
Incandescent, (2) 55W lamp
2
GSL14/2
28
Incandescent, (2) 60W lamp
2
GSL17/2
34
Incandescent, (2) 65W lamp
2
GSL18/2
36
Incandescent, (2) 67W lamp
2
GSL19/2
38
Incandescent, (2) 75W lamp
2
GSL23/2
46
Incandescent, (2) 90W lamp
2
GSL28/2
56
Incandescent, (2) 95W lamp
2
GSL30/2
60
Incandescent, (2) 100W lamp
2
GSL33/2
66
Incandescent, (2) 120W lamp
2
GSL40/2
80
Incandescent, (2) 135W lamp
2
GSL48/2
96
Incandescent, (2) 150W lamp
2
GSL58/2
116
Incandescent, (3) 60W lamp
3
GSL17/3
51
Incandescent, (3) 67W lamp
3
GSL19/3
57
Incandescent, (3) 75W lamp
3
GSL23/3
69
Incandescent, (3) 90W lamp
3
GSL28/3
84
Incandescent, (3) 100W lamp
3
GSL33/3
99
Incandescent, (4) 60W lamp
4
GSL17/4
68
Incandescent, (4) 75W lamp
4
GSL23/4
92
Incandescent, (4) 100W lamp
4
GSL33/4
132
Incandescent, (5) 60W lamp
5
GSL17/5
85
Incandescent, (5) 100W lamp
5
GSL33/5
165
Halogen Incandescent, (1) 35W lamp
1
GSL12/1
12
Halogen Incandescent, (1) 40W lamp
1
GSL14/1
14
Halogen Incandescent, (1) 42W lamp
1
GSL14/1
14
Halogen Incandescent, (1) 45W lamp
1
GSL17/1
17
Halogen Incandescent, (1) 50W lamp
1
GSL19/1
19
Halogen Incandescent, (1) 52W lamp
1
GSL20/1
20
Halogen Incandescent, (1) 55W lamp
1
GSL24/1
24
Halogen Incandescent, (1) 60W lamp
1
GSL26/1
26
Halogen Incandescent, (1) 72W lamp
1
GSL33/1
33
Halogen Incandescent, (1) 75W lamp
1
GSL34/1
34
Halogen Incandescent, (1) 90W lamp
1
GSL41/1
41
Halogen Incandescent, (1) 100W lamp
1
GSL46/1
46
Halogen Incandescent, (1) 150W lamp
1
GSL69/1
69
Halogen Incandescent, (2) 45W lamp
2
GSL17/2
34
Halogen Incandescent, (2) 50W lamp
2
GSL19/2
38
Halogen Incandescent, (2) 55W lamp
2
GSL24/2
48
Halogen Incandescent, (2) 75W lamp
2
GSL34/2
68
Halogen Incandescent, (2) 90W lamp
2
GSL41/2
82
Halogen Incandescent, (2) 150W lamp
2
GSL69/2
138
See Appendix E for general eligibility requirements for solid state lighting products in commercial and industrial applications.
Algorithms
For all lighting fixture improvements (without control improvements), the following algorithms apply:
Definition of Terms
Table 33: Terms, Values, and ReferencesVariables for Retrofit Lighting Improvements
Term
Unit
Values
Source
, ,Connected load of the baseline lighting as defined by project classification
kW
See Fixture Identities in Appendix C
Default Permanent Lamp Removal: Table 310 REF _Ref395033615 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool
Appendix C
3 REF _Ref395032771 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool
, Connected load of the post-retrofit or energy–efficient lighting system
kW
See Fixture Identities in Appendix C
For Permanent Fixture and/or Lamp Removal, REF _Ref395033640 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool
Appendix C REF _Ref395032828 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool
DeltakW, difference between connected load of baseline and post-retrofit energy efficiency lighting system
kW
Default Street Lighting: 0.120
Calculated value
4
, Savings factor for existing lighting control (percent of time the lights are off)
None
EDC Data Gathering
EDC Data Gathering
Default: See Table 34
See Table 34
, Demand Coincidence factorFactor
Decimal
EDC Data Gathering
EDC Data Gathering
Default Screw-based Bulbs: See Table 35
Default Other General Service:
See Table 36 REF _Ref377135126 \h \* MERGEFORMAT
Table 35
See Table 35 and Table 36 REF _Ref377135126 \h \* MERGEFORMAT
Table 35
, Hours of Use – the average annual operating hours of the baseline lighting equipment, which if applied to full connected load will yield annual energy use.
EDC Data Gathering
EDC Data Gathering
Default Screw-based Bulbs: Table 35
Default Other General Service: Table 36
Default Street Lighting: Table 37See REF _Ref413750906 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table 36 REF _Ref377135126 \h \* MERGEFORMAT
Table 35
See Table 35, and Table 36, and Table 37 REF _Ref377135126 \h \* MERGEFORMAT
Table 35
, Interactive Energy Factor – applies to C&I interior lighting in space that has air conditioning, electric space hating, or refrigeration only. This represents the secondary energy impactssavings in cooling required which results from the decreased waste heat from efficientindoor lighting wattage.
None
Default:
See Table 38 and Table 39
Table 38 and Table 393,8
, Interactive Demand Factor – applies to C&I interior lighting in space that has air conditioning or refrigeration only. This represents the secondary demand savings in cooling required which results from the decreased waste heat from efficientindoor lighting wattage.
None
Default:
See Table 38 and Table 39
Table 38 and Table 393,8
Other factors required to calculate savings are shown in Table 34, Table 35, Table 36, Table 37, Table 38, and Table 39. Note that if HOU is stated and verified by logging lighting hours of use groupings, actual hours should be applied. In addition, the site-specific CF must be used to calculate peak demand savings if actual hours are used. The IF factors shown in Table 38 and Table 39 are to be used only when the facilities are air conditioned and only for fixtures in conditioned or refrigerated space. The HOU for refrigerated spaces are to be estimated or logged separately.
Table 34: Savings Control Factors Assumptions[footnoteRef:6] [6: Subject to verification by EDC Evaluation or SWE.]
Strategy
Definition
Technology
Savings %
SourcesSource
Switch
Manual On/Off Switch
Light Switch
0%
51,2,3
Occupancy
Adjusting light levels according to the presence of occupants
Occupancy Sensors
24%
Time Clocks
24%
Energy Management System
24%
Daylighting
Adjusting light levels automatically in response to the presence of natural light
Photosensors
28%
Time Clocks
28%
Personal Tuning
Adjusting individual light levels by occupants according to their personal preferences; applies, for example, to private offices, workstation-specific lighting in open-plan offices, and classrooms
Dimmers
31%
Wireless on-off switches
31%
Bi-level switches
31%
Computer based controls
31%
Pre-set scene selection
31%
Institutional Tuning
Adjustment of light levels through commissioning and technology to meet location specific needs or building policies; or provision of switches or controls for areas or groups of occupants; examples of the former include high-end trim dimming (also known as ballast tuning or reduction of ballast factor), task tuning and lumen maintenance
Dimmable ballasts
36%
On-off or dimmer switches for non-personal tuning
36%
Multiple Types
Includes combination of any of the types described above. Occupancy and personal tuning, daylighting and occupancy are most common.
Occupancy and personal tuning/ daylighting and occupancy
38%
Table 35: Lighting HOU and CF by Building Type for Screw-Based Bulbs
Building Type
HOU
CF
Source
Education
2,944
0.39
68
Exterior, Photocell-Controlled (All Building Types)
4,306
0.11
7
Exterior, All Other (All Building Types)
3,604833
0.1100
85
Grocery
7,798
0.99
68
Health
2,476
0.47
68
Industrial Manufacturing – 1 Shift
2,857
0.9657
8, 94,6
Industrial Manufacturing – 2 Shift
4,730
0.9657
8, 94,6
Industrial Manufacturing – 3 Shift
6,631
0.9657
8, 94,6
Institutional/Public Service
1,456
0.23
68
Lodging
2,925
0.38
68
Miscellaneous/Other
2,001
0.33
68
Multi-Family Common Areas
5,950
0.7362
316
Office
1,420
0.26
68
Parking Garages
8,6786,552
0.9862*
84,7
Restaurant
3,054
0.55
68
Retail
2,383
0.56
68
Street Lighting[footnoteRef:7] [7: Street Lighting” is generally municipally owned, operates from dusk to dawn, and is not connected to a specific facility. “Exterior Lighting” is connected to a specific facility and does not always operate from dusk to dawn. If an exterior lighting project cannot demonstrate that the lighting operates from dusk to dawn, the “Exterior Lighting” HOU should be used. However, if the exterior lighting operates from dusk to dawn, the “Street Lighting” HOU are the appropriate HOU.]
See Table 37
0.00
See Table 37
Warehouse
2,815
0.50
68
* 0.62 represents the simple average of all coincidence factors listed in the 2012 Mid-Atlantic TRM
Table 36: Lighting HOU and CF by Building Type for Other General Service Lighting
Building Type
HOU
CF
Source
Education
2,371
0.45
68
Exterior, Photocell-Controlled (All Building Types)
4,306
0.11
7
Exterior (All Building Types)
3,604833
0.1100
85
Grocery
6,471
0.93
68
Health
2,943
0.52
68
Industrial/Manufacturing - 1 Shift
2,857
0.9657
8, 96
Industrial/Manufacturing - 2 Shift
4,730
0.9657
8, 96
Industrial/Manufacturing - 3 Shift
6,631
0.9657
8, 96
Institutional/Public Service
1,419
0.23
68
Lodging
3,579
0.45
68
Miscellaneous/Other
2,830
0.58
68
Multi-Family Common Areas
5,950
0.7362
316
Office
2,294
0.48
68
Parking Garage
8,6786,552
0.9862*
87
Restaurant
4,747
0.77
68
Retail
2,915
0.66
68
Street Lighting[footnoteRef:8] [8: Ibid.]
See Table 37
0.00
See Table 37
Warehouse
2,545
0.48
68
* 0.62 represents the simple average of all coincidence factors listed in the 2012 Mid-Atlantic TRM
Table 37: Street lighting HOU by EDC
EDC
HOU
Source
Duquesne
4,200
109
PECO
4,100
1110
PPL
4,300
1211
Met-Ed
4,200
1312
Penelec
4,200
1413
Penn Power
4,070
1514
West Penn Power
4,200
1615
Table 38: Interactive Factors for All Bulb Types
Term
Unit
Values
Source
None
Comfort Cooled = See Table 39
68
Freezer spaces (-35 °F – 20 °F) = 0.50
173
Medium-temperature refrigerated spaces (20 °F – 40 °F) = 0.29
High-temperature refrigerated spaces (40 °F – 60 °F) = 0.18
Un-cooled space = 0
None
Comfort Cooled = See Table 39
68
Freezer spaces (-35 °F – 20 °F) = 0.50
173
Medium-temperature refrigerated spaces (20 °F – 40 °F) = 0.29
High-temperature refrigerated spaces (40 °F – 60 °F) = 0.18
Un-cooled space = 0
Table 39: Interactive Factors for Comfort Cooled Spaces for All Building Types
Heating Fuel
Non-Electric Heat
0.031
0.192
Electric Heat
-0.142
0.192
Unknown
0.000
0.192
Table 310: Connected Load of the Baseline Lighting
Lamp Length
Wattage Removed (kWbase) per Lamp
Source
T8
8-foot
0.0386
18
4-foot
0.0194
3-foot
0.0146
2-foot
0.0098
Default Savings
There are no default savings associated with this measure.
Evaluation Protocols
Methods for Determining Baseline Conditions
The following are acceptable methods for determining baseline conditions when verification by direct inspection is not possible as may occur in a rebate program where customers submit an application and equipment receipts only after installing efficient lighting equipment, or for a retroactive project as allowed by Act 129. In order of preference:
· Examination of replaced lighting equipment that is still on site waiting to be recycled or otherwise disposed of
· Examination of replacement lamp and ballast inventories where the customer has replacement equipment for the retrofitted fixtures in stock. The inventory must be under the control of the customer or customer’s agent
· Interviews with and written statements from customers, facility managers, building engineers or others with firsthand knowledge about purchasing and operating practices at the affected site(s) identifying the lamp and ballast configuration(s) of the baseline condition
· Interviews with and written statements from the project’s lighting contractor or the customer’s project coordinator identifying the lamp and ballast configuration(s) of the baseline equipment
· For street lighting projects only, use of the DeltakW as shown in Table 33
Detailed Inventory Form
A detailed lighting inventory is required for all lighting improvement projects. The lighting inventory form will use the algorithms presented above to derive the total ΔkW and ΔkWh savings for each installed measure. Within a single project, to the extent there are multiple combinations of control strategies (SVG), hours of use (HOU), coincidence factors (CF) or interactive factors (IF), the will be broken out to account for these different factors. This will be accomplished using Appendix C, REF _Ref395034034 \h Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool, a Microsoft Excel inventory form that specifies the lamp and ballast configuration using the “Fixture Identities” sheet and SVG, HOU, CF and IF values for each line entry. The inventory form will also specify the location and number of fixtures for reference and validation.
Appendix C REF _Ref395034121 \h Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool was developed to automate the calculation of energy and demand impacts for retrofit lighting projects, based on a series of entries by the user defining key characteristics of the retrofit project. The "General Information" sheet is provided for the user to identify facility-specific details of the project that have an effect on the calculation of gross savings. Facility-specific details include contact information, electric utility, building area information, and operating schedule. The "Lighting Inventory" sheet is the main worksheet that calculates energy savings and peak demand reduction for the user-specified lighting fixture and controls improvements. This form follows the algorithms presented above and facilitates the calculation of gross savings for implementation and evaluation purposes. Each line item on this tab represents a specific area with common baseline fixtures, retrofit fixtures, controls strategy, space cooling, and space usage.
Baseline and retrofit fixture wattages are determined by selecting the appropriate fixture code from the “Fixture Identities” sheet. The sheet can also be used to find the appropriate code for a particular lamp-ballast combination by using the enabled auto-filter options. Actual wattages of fixtures determined by manufacturer’s equipment specification sheets or other independent sources may not be used unless (1) the manufacturer's cut sheet indicates that the difference in delta-watts of fixture wattages (i.e. difference in delta watts of baseline and “actual” installed efficient fixture wattage and delta watts of baseline and nearest matching efficient fixture in the “Fixture Identities” of Appendix C REF _Ref395032771 \h Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool is more than 10%[footnoteRef:9] or (2) the corresponding fixture code is not listed in the “Fixture Identities” list. In these cases, alternate wattages for lamp-ballast combinations can be inputted using the appropriate cells within the “Fixture Identities” tab. Rows 9 through 2818 provide a guided custom LED fixture generator to be used with non-self-ballasted LEDs. All other custom cut sheets should be inputted into rows 932922 through 981971. Documentation supporting the alternate wattages must be provided in the form of manufacturer-provided specification sheets or other industry accepted sources (e.g. ENERGY STAR listing, Design Lights Consortium listing, etc.).). Submitted specification sheets must cite test data performed under standard ANSI procedures. These exceptions will be used as the basis for periodically updating the “Fixture Identities” to better reflect market conditions and more accurately represent savings. [9: ]
Some EDC Implementation CSPslighting contractors may have developed in-house lighting inventory forms that are used to determine reported savingspreliminary estimates forof projects and calculate rebate amounts. The Appendix C form is the preferred tool for reported and verified savings calculations.. In order to ensure standardization of all lighting projects, REF _Ref395034225 \h Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool must still be used. However, if a ICSPthird-party lighting inventory form may be used for program delivery purposes is provided it (1) includes all the same functionality, formulas, entries to REF _Ref395034247 \h Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool may be condensed into groups sharing common baseline fixtures, retrofit fixtures, space type, building type, and calculation steps as the Appendix C form and (2) is approvedcontrols. Whereas REF _Ref395034313 \h Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool separates fixtures by the SWE prior to being utilized to calculate reported savings. In the case where an ICSP tool produces a different savings estimate from the Appendix C calculator, the Appendix C result is consideredlocation to be the TRM-supported savings value. Appendix Cfacilitate evaluation and audit activities, third-party forms can serve that specific function if provided.
REF _Ref395034351 \h Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool will be updated periodically to include new fixtures and technologies available as may be appropriate. Additional guidance can be found in the “Manual” sheet of Appendix C. REF _Ref395034375 \h Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool.
Custom Hours of Use and Coincidence Factors
If the project cannot be described by the building type categories listed in Table 35 and Table 36, or if the facility’s actual lighting hours deviate by more than 10% from the tables, or if the project retrofitted only a portion of a facility’s lighting system for which whole building hours of use would not be appropriate, the deemed HOU and CF assumptions can be overridden by inputting custom operating schedules into the Lighting Operation Schedule portion of the “General Information” tab of Appendix C.: Lighting Audit and Design Tool. The custom schedule inputs must be corroborated by an acceptable source such as posted hours, customer interviews, building monitoring system (BMS), or metered data.
For all projects, annual hours are subject to adjustment by EDC evaluators or SWE.
Metering – [footnoteRef:10] [10: REF _Ref363047931 \h \* MERGEFORMAT ]
Projects with savings below 750,000 kWh
Metering is encouraged for projects with expected savings below 750,000 kWh but have high uncertainty, i.e. where hours are unknown, variable, or difficult to verify. Exact conditions of “high uncertainty” are to be determined by the EDC evaluation contractors to appropriately manage variance. Metering completed by the implementation contractor maybe leveraged by the evaluation contractor, subject to a reasonableness review. Sampling methodologies within a site are to be either discerned by the EDC evaluation contractor based on the characteristics of the facility in question or performed consistent with guidance the EDC EM&V contractor provides.
Metering – Projects with savings of 750,000 kWh or higher
For projects with expected savings of 750,000 kWh or higher, metering is required[footnoteRef:11]. Installation of light loggers is the accepted method of metering, but trend data from BMS is an acceptable substitute. Metering completed by the implementation contractor may be leveraged by the evaluation contractor, subject to a reasonableness review. Sampling methodologies within a site are to be either discerned by the EDC evaluation contractor or communicated to implementation contractors based on the characteristics of the facility in question or performed consistent with guidance the EDC EM&V contractor provides. [11: The Commission allows the EDCs to use alternative methods for obtaining customer-specific data where customer processes do not support metering. The EDCs are required to provide supporting documentation to the SWE for review if there are any such exceptions. ]
When BMS data is used as a method of obtaining customer-specific data in lieu of metering, the following guidelines should be followed:
· Care should be taken with respect to BMS data, since the programmed schedule may not reflect regular hours of long unscheduled overrides of the lighting system, such as nightly cleaning in office buildings, and may not reflect how the lights were actually used, but