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2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #
CC$A
Cisco Certi%ied $et&or' Associ!te
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Course Introduction
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # ( 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Cisco Career Certifications
Professional
CCIE
CCNP
CCNA Associate
http://www.cisco.com/go/certifications
Recommended Training Through
Cisco Learning Partners
ReuiredE!am
CCNA
INTR" andICN#
Cisco Certified Networ$ Associate
Introduction to Cisco NetworkingTechnologiesand InterconnectingCisco Network Devices
E!pert
CCNA E!am %&'()'*
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Cisco #ifferent Certifications +ields
CCIE Routing
and ,witching
CCNP
CCNA
Networ$ Implementation Networ$ #esign
None
CCNP
CC#A
or
CCNA
CCIE
,er-ice Pro-ider
CCIP
CCNA
Networ$ ,er-ice Pro-ider
CCIE
,ecurit
CC,P
CCNA
Networ$ ,ecurit oice Networ$s
CCIE
,er-ice Pro-ider
CCIP
CCNA
,torage Networ$ing
CCIE
oice
CCP
CCNA CCNA
None
CCIE
,torage Networ$ing
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2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # )
Communic!ting over the
$et&or'
Networ$ +undamentals
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # * 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
"01ecti-es
#. Communic!tion model
2. $et&or' de%inition.
(. $et&or' com"onents.
. $et&or' to"ologies.
). $et&or' ty"es .
*. $et&or' re%erence models.
7. Protocol conce"t.
+. Enc!"sul!tion !nd P-.
. $et&or' !ddressing.
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 7
$et&or' de%inition
Networ$ +undamentals
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*( Elements of Communication
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/Networ$:
rou" o% com"onents or devices &hich !reconnected
together to give the user ! cert!in service 1!""lic!tion.
2( Networ$ definition
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Im"ort!nce o% $et&or's
#ata networ$ is a result of 0usiness need.
3Eas access and sharing of information
3,haring of e!pensi-e de-ices and networ$
resources
33odern Technologies 4IP telephon5 ideo
Conferencing5 6.etc7
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8( Networ$ components
/Networ$ has three main components End de-ices 1servers !nd hosts
4 Source o% !""lic!tions 1net&or' !&!re !""lic!tions
4 e56 TTP 1y"er Te5t Tr!nsmission Protocol,
8TP 18ile Tr!ns%er Protocol,
S9TP 1Sim"le 9!il Tr!ns%er Protocol
P:P( 1Post :%%ice Protocol ( Telnet
Networ$ #e-ices
4 evices th!t interconnect di%%erent com"uters together
4 e56 ;e"e!ters, hub, bridge, s&itch, router, $IC !nd modems
Connecti-it
4 9edi! th!t "hysic!lly connect the com"uters !nd net&or' devices
4 e56
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End de-ices
End devices6
Com"uters 1&or' st!tions, l!"to"s, %ile servers, &eb servers
$et&or' "rinters
=oIP "hones
Security c!mer!s
9obile h!ndheld devices 1such !s &ireless b!rcode sc!nners, PAs
End devices !re re%erred to !s hosts.
A host device is either the source or destin!tion o% ! mess!ge.
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #( 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Intermediar#e-ices
Intermediar de-ices6
Pro-ide connecti-it to the networ$1s&itches>hubs
Connect indi-idual networ$s1routers
E5!m"les6
$et&or'Access evices1ubs, s&itches, !nd &ireless !ccess"oints
Internet&or'ing evices 1routers
Securityevices 1%ire&!lls
routers
switch
or hu0
switch
or hu0
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # # 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Networ$3edia
Networ$ media6 The medium "rovides the ch!nnel over &hich themess!ge tr!vels %rom source to destin!tion.
3etallic wires4 encoding into "!tterns o% electric!l im"ulses.
+i0er optics3 encoding into "ulses o% light 1in%r!red or visible light r!nges
9ireless3 encoding "!tterns o% electrom!gnetic &!ves.
1?!ter6 :SI Physic!l ?!yer
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #) 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Networ$3edia
i%%erent medi! consider!tions6
3#istance it can carr the signal
3En-ironment it wor$s in
3andwidth
3Cost of medium and installation
3Cost of connectors and euipment
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$et&or' to"ologies
Networ$ +undamentals
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #7 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
&( Networ$ Topologies/Topolog: o& devices !re connected together
Phsical Topolog:It describes ho& devices !re "hysic!lly c!bledLogical Topolog:It describes how de-ices communicate!cross
"hysic!l to"ology
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #+ 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Phsical ,. Logical Topolog
*'(ase(2
Phsical Topolog is
Logical Topolog is us
us
*'(ase(;
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # # 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
,tar Topolog 4*'(ase(T7
Phsical Topolog is
Logical Topolog is us
star
T&isted "!ir
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 20 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Phsical ,. Logical Topolog
*'(ase(T ,witch
Phsical Topolog is
Logical Topolog is ( Point to point
star
( ,tar
( 3esh
*''(ase(T ,witch switch
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2# 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
;ing To"ology
A ring to"ology connects one host to the ne5t !nd the l!st host to the %irst.
This cre!tes ! "hysic!l ring o% c!ble.
I% the %irst host needs to send d!t! to the l!st host, the d!t! must "!th
through !ll the hosts be%ore re!ching the end host.
E5.6 To'en ;ing, @ +##I
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 22 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Phsical ,. Logical Topolog
+##I
Phsical Topolog is
Logical Topolog is Ring
Ring
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2( 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Phsical ,. Logical Topolog
To$en Ring
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
9esh To"ology
A mesh to"ology is im"lemented to "rovide !s much"rotection !s "ossible %rom interru"tion o% service.
E!ch host h!s its o&n connections to !ll other hosts.
Although the Internet h!s multi"le "!ths to !ny one
loc!tion, it does not !do"t the %ull mesh to"ology.
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2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2)
$et&or' ty"es
Networ$ +undamentals
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2* 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
;( Networ$ Tpes/LAN 4Local Area Networ$7: It is ! grou" o% net&or' com"onents th!t &or' &ithin sm!ll !re!.It ch!r!cteried by high d!t! s"eeds 1u" to #0b"s using6
Ethernet, 8!st Ethernet, ig!Ethernet,#0ig!bit Ethernet
!nd AT9.
/3AN 43etropolitan Area Networ$7: It is ! grou" o% ?A$s th!t !re interconnected &ithin sm!ll !re!. It ch!r!cteried by very high d!t! s"eeds 1u" to 0b"s using6
9etro Ethernet, AT9 over S:$ET !nd S.
/9AN 49ide Area Networ$7:
It is ! grou" o% ?A$s th!t !re interconnected &ithin l!rge !re! It ch!r!cteried by slo& d!t! s"eeds 1u" to #))9b"s @ *229b"s
using6
!n!log di!l4u", digit!l di!l4u" 1IS$, le!sed lines, B.2), S?,
8r!me4;el!y @ AT9.
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 27 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Local Area Networ$ 4LAN7
Local Area Networ$ 4LAN7An individual network usually spans a single geographical area, providingservices and applications to people within a common organizationalstructure, such as a single business, campus or region.
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2+ 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Networ$ Tpes
e%ine
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Networ$ Tpes
e%ine the InternetThe internet is de%ined !s !
glob!l mesh o% interconnected net&or's
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2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # (0
$et&or're%erence models
Networ$ +undamentals
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # (# 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
%( Reference 3odels
A framewor$ 4guideline7for networ$ implementation andtrou0leshooting
#i-ides comple! functions into simpler components
Im"ort!nce o% re%erence model6
endor interopera0ilit =standardi>ation?.
etter understanding of data transfer
;e%erence model ty"es 6
",I 4"pen ,stem Interconnection 7.
TCP/IP 4#"# 3odel7
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # (2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
TCP/IP 3odel
The TCP>IP model h!s the %ollo&ing %our l!yers6
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # (( 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Reference 3odels @ Interopera0ilit pro0lem.
In the mid4#+0s, the net&or' technologies th!t h!demerged h!d been cre!ted &ith ! -ariet of differenth!rd&!re !nd so%t&!re im"lement!tions.
E!ch com"!ny th!t cre!ted net&or' h!rd&!re !ndso%t&!re used its o&n com"!ny st!nd!rds.
Conseuently, m!ny o% the ne& net&or' technologies&ere incom"!tible &ith e!ch other.
$eed6Achie-e open interconnection 0etween multi -endors
,olution(((((((",I(R3 4reference model7.
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # ( 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
",I 3odel
It st!nd!rdies net&or'com"onents to !llo& multi"levendor develo"ment !ndsu""ort.
It !llo&s di%%erent ty"es o%net&or' h!rd&!re !nd so%t&!reto communic!te &ith e!ch other.
It "revents ch!nges in one l!yer
%rom !%%ecting other l!yers.
It divides net&or'communic!tion into sm!ller"!rts to m!'e le!rning it e!sier
to underst!nd.
S>IP model
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
TCP/IP 3odel
o& e!ch l!yer is im"lemented.
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # ) 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
The Application Laer
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # * 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
The Transport Laer
Connection oriented, reli!ble service
Connectionless, unreli!ble service
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 7 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
The Internet Laer
5Routing protocols
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # + 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
L2 LAN technologies :Ethernet , To'enring,
8I
L2 9AN technologies :Point4to4Point 1?C
PPP , 8r!me rel!y,
B.2) ,AT9
A;P, ;A;P, Pro5y A;P
The Networ$ Access Laer
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Enc!"sul!tion "rocess
Networ$ +undamentals
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)( Encapsulation
,er-er
#ata
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # )# 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
The Communication Process ( #ecapsulation
#ata
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # )2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
TheCommunicationProcess
Protocol #ata Fnit 4P#F74 The %orm th!t ! "iece o% d!t! t!'es !t !ny l!yer.
At e!ch st!ge o% the "rocess, ! P- h!s ! di%%erent n!me to re%lect its ne&!""e!r!nce.
P-s !re n!med !ccording to the "rotocols o% the TCP>IP suite.
#ata4 The gener!l term %or the P- used !t the A""lic!tion l!yer,egment4 Tr!ns"ort ?!yer P-
Pac$et4 Internet&or' ?!yer P-
+rame4 $et&or' Access ?!yer P-
its4 A P- used &hen "hysic!lly tr!nsmitting d!t! over the medium
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Peer to peer
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # ) 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
( Addressing and Naming ,chemes
E5"l!in ho& l!bels in enc!"sul!tion he!ders !re usedto m!n!ge communic!tion in d!t! net&or's
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # )) 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
#ifference etween IP @ 3AC addresses
MAC A
IP: 1.1.1.1
MAC B
IP: 1.1.1.2
MAC C
IP: 1.1.1.3
MAC D
IP: 2.2.2.1
MAC E
IP: 2.2.2.2
9hat is the Address on m Ethernet NICJ
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # )* 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # )7 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Networ$ de-ices capa0ilities
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,ummar
$ET
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