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FOREWORD Pakistan‟s peaceful national election in May 2012, in what was generally seen an unwieldy and
complex scene, marked the full term completion of a democratically elected government and
ushering in of democratic transition. The elections saw a massive turn-out, one of the highest in
country‟s history, illustrating the popular sentiment for a new Pakistan with better rule of law,
governance and accountability.
Along with political parties, media and judiciary played a pivotal role in promoting a well informed
role and responsibility of the electorate by highlighting the nation building challenges.
With elections over, country has an amazing flow of energy at the national as well as grass-roots
level to keep the promise for better governance and accountability.
As part of new dynamics the Supreme Court of Pakistan has been fairly active in setting
deadlines for recently established provincial governments to draft local government laws and
conduct elections before the turn of the year. In line with this directive from the highest judicial
body in the country, the provincial governments have initiated rigorous process of drafting local
government legislations to ensure that they devolve political, administrative and financial
responsibility and authority to the local governments.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) joined hands with Akhter Hameed Khan
Resource Centre (AHKRC) to conduct consultation workshops throughout Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
in order to solicit the opinions of the general public, who are the primary audience, change assets
and beneficiaries, on the procedural elements of the devolution process and its ramifications on
the quality of service delivery. The report in hand brings forward views of the grassroots level on
delimitation of tiers of Local Government; sectoral devolution and functional redistribution; and
interface between elected and non-elected officials of Local Governments.
The hard truth is that community voices have never been a part of the process. The preparation
of this report has in itself exemplified the partnerships that are critical for furthering the cause of
democracy in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in particular and Pakistan in general. Through a series of
consultations, this cooperative, consultative approach has served to sharpen the focus and, I
hope, enhanced the utility and relevance of this report. It is hoped that these recommendations
will not only stimulate more questions and inquiries for the provincial legislators but will also
furnish them with a rational line of action predicated on the popular opinions, in shaping up the
administrative organization of public sector management and local governance in the province.
We have made an effort to bring forth community voices the challenge is to make it stick.
Fayyaz Baqir
Director
Akhter Hameed Khan Resource Centre (AHKRC)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS What makes this report unique is the fact that it recapitulates a process which offered a veritable
forum for inclusion of community voices in the making of legislative frame work for local
governance in KPK. So, first and foremost, our sincere appreciation for the community members
who came forward and joined the process enthusiastically.
Also the report draws on the cooperative and consultative review effort, involving many players
and carried out over a four-month period. United Nations Development Program in Pakistan and
its governance projects are strategically aligned with the legislative reforms taking place at
various tiers of government. Strengthening Participatory Federalism and Decentralization, a
project of UNDP took lead in initiating the consultative process.
A redeeming feature of the process is that the leading political parties were brought together for a
candid discussion on all aspects of local governance system. Our sincere thanks to the political
parties who sent their senior representatives to consultative sessions. This reassures
commitment of the political parties towards democratic governance through legislative change.
The lawyers from the District Bar Associations offered valuable legal insights during discussion
sessions. Equally worthy of acknowledgement is the role played by NGO‟s, CBO‟s and civil
society members. Optimistic Youth Network and many others not only offered coordination and
support but also assured non-government perspectives in recommendations. Media raised the
profile of the project while audiences offered a solid critique to the whole exercise. Notable
among the print and electronic media followed the process actively. Radio channels are also
worthy of due acknowledgement. Special mention must be made, with gratitude for UNDP
guidance, assistance, contribution, participation and continuing support of the Minister for Local
Government and Rural Development Department, representative of provincial government and
NGOs, who sat through the lively question and answer sessions, to build consensus on the key
issues.
The consultative workshops; the assembly, analysis and construction of data; and drafting of the
report narrative is the result of combined effort of a dedicated and diverse team including. Fayyaz
Baqir, Naseem-ur-Rehman, Mazhar Nawaz, Hamidullah, and Shaleem David. The active
engagement, encouragement, assistance and support of Shahnawaz Khan, Fakhira Khanam,
Asghar Khan, Faheem Ullah Khan, Hashmat Ara and Ayaz Muhammad are much appreciated.
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CONTENTS FOREWORD ...................................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................. ii
CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................... iii
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................. iv
GLOSSARY OF TERMS ................................................................................................... v
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. vi
1.0 CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS ....................................................................................... 8
1.1. HISTORY OF DECENTRALIZATION IN PAKISTAN ....................................... 9
1.2. DEVOLUTION ENUNCIATED BY 18TH
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT 10
1.3. KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT 2013 ................. 11
2.0 RATIONALE FOR CONSULTATIONS ................................................................... 15
2.1. CONSULTATION OBJECTIVES .................................................................... 15
2.2. CONSULTATION STRATEGY ....................................................................... 15
2.3. CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY .............................................................. 16
2.4. KEY QUESTIONS ........................................................................................... 16
3.0 UNDERSTANDING THE ISSUES .......................................................................... 18
3.1. PARTICIPANTS PERSPECTIVE ON DEVOLUTION ................................... 18
3.2. KEY LEGISLATIVE ISSUES DELIBERATED................................................ 20
4.0 DIALOGUE FACILITATION AMONG STAKEHOLDERS ....................................... 24
4.1. ADDRESS BY MINISTER LOCAL GOVERNMENT KP ................................ 24
4.2. ADDRESS BY SPEAKER PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLY KP ............................ 26
4.3. POINT OF VIEW OF OPPOSITION PARTIES ............................................... 26
5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS FROM GRASSROOTS .................................................... 28
5.1. POLITICAL DEVOLUTION ............................................................................. 28
5.2. ADMINISTRATIVE DEVOLUTION ................................................................. 29
5.3. FINANCIAL DEVOLUTION ............................................................................. 31
5.4. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................ 32
6. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 33
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 33
ANNEXES ....................................................................................................................... 35
ANNEXURE 1: CONSULTATION SCHEDULE ......................................................... 35
ANNEXURE 2: NEWS PAPER CLIPPINGS .............................................................. 35
ANNEXURE 3: CONSULTATIONS PARTICIPANT LIST ......................................... 38
ANNEXURE 4: PARTICIPANTS’ FEEDBACK IN WORKSHOPS ............................ 42
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ACR Annual Confidential Report LGA Local Government Authority
ADP Annual Development Program LGO Local Government Ordinance
AHKRC Akhter Hameed Khan Resource
Centre LG&RDD
Local Government and Rural
Development Department
ANP Awami National Party MNA Member National Assembly
BHU Basic Health Unit MPA Member Provincial Assembly
CCI Council of Common Interests MQM Muttahida Qaumi Movement
CSO Civil Society Organization NGO Non-Government Organization
DCO District Coordination Officer NWFP North West Frontier Province
DDAC District Development Advisory
Committee PML-N Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz
DFC District Finance Commission PTI Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
DIK Dera Ismail Khan PCCR Parliamentary Committee for
Constitutional Reforms
DPO District Police Officer PFC Provincial Finance Commission
ECP Election Commission of Pakistan PHED Public Health Engineering Department
EDO Executive District Officer PPP Pakistan People‟s Party
FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas QWP Qaumi Watan Party
GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Internationale Zusammenarbeit RHC Rural Health Centre
IYF Innovative Youth Forum RIC Reforms Implementation Cell
JI Jamat-e-Islami SRSP Sarhad Rural Support Program
JUI-F Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Islam-Fazal-ur-
Rehman TMA Tehsil Municipal Administration
KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa UC Union Council
LG Local Government UNDP United Nations Development Program
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Anjuman Assembly, association or gathering
Bait-ul-Mal Islamic financial institution that administers distribution of zakat
revenues for public works
City
District
A district that consists primarily or entirely of a major city or large
metropolitan area
Jirga An assembly (tribal) of reputed elders which takes decisions by
consensus
Nazim Chief elected official of local government/Mayor
Naib
Nazim
Assistant/deputy to the Nazim/Deputy Mayor
Tehsil
An administrative division/entity of Local Government consisting of an
area of land with a city or town as its headquarters
Thana Police station/geographic unit controlled by police
Ushr Islamic land tax
Zakat Practice of charitable giving by Muslims based on accumulated wealth
Zilla District (unit of Government above Tehsil and Union Council)
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The concept of decentralized local governments is not new to Pakistan; however, this time
around it is being implemented with the participation and engagement of democratically elected
provincial governments under the constitutional amendment approved with the consensus of all
the political parties. The three most significant decentralization reforms in the six decades old
history of Pakistan were introduced by authoritarian military regimes in 1959, 1979 and 2001
respectively. The 18th Amendment passed under a democratic dispensation in April, 2010 was
billed as the most comprehensive reform package in Pakistan. The aim was to repeal the 17th
Amendment and reform the Constitution in the light of the Charter of Democracy. The Charter
recognized the importance of subsidiarity and called for establishment of local government
systems in the provinces.
The 18th Amendment has introduced important steps towards the devolution of authority to local
government under Article 140-A. The constitution defines four parameters - political,
administrative, financial and electoral - for devolving power to elected Local Government.
Accordingly, the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa engaged in a rigorous process of drafting
legislation for the Local Government Act, 2013. Against this backdrop, United Nations
Development Program (UNDP) and Akhter Hameed Khan Resource Centre (AHKRC) grasped
the opportunity to organize consultation workshops in Dera Ismail Khan, Abbottabad, Swat and
Peshawar to receive feedback from grassroots level about the draft legislation on devolution
process so that a legislative framework in line with the sentiments of the general public can be
prepared and shared with the legislators.
A common thread running through all the consultations that, the participants strongly supported
was the uniformity of electoral system. Most of the participants demanded that measures should
be taken to prevent floor crossing and horse trading. The most debated topic of discussion in all
the workshops was the devolution of fiscal and administrative authorities and responsibilities to
the elected representatives in line with the Constitution of Pakistan. The participants came up
with pragmatic suggestions regarding the mechanisms of granting autonomy to the local
governments in true sense of the word. It was argued that localization and personalization of
power ought to be discouraged through effective legislation; and accountability and transparency
must be ensured to guarantee efficient and quality delivery of public services. The fora
unanimously agreed that effective devolution could only be achieved through participatory
consensus based decision-making. We are glad to mention here that most of the
recommendations made by the workshops participants were incorporated in the Local
Government Act 2013 passed by KP Assembly.
Contextual Analysis History of Decentralization in Pakistan
Devolution Enunciated by 18th Constitutional Amendment
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act, 2013
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1.0 CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
Pakistan is a federal republic comprising four provinces: Sindh, Punjab, Balochistan and
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). In addition to these four provinces, country has federally
Administrated tribal Areas (FATA), Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), Jammu and Kashmir (AJK).
Federalism envisages division of political power territorially in a constitutional way in which
every part of the federation is regarded as a unitary state with its own internal system of local
government (Smith, 1985). In contemporary literature the concept of „unitary state‟ has been
replaced with „autonomous state‟ with more relevance to changing governance mechanisms.
Devolution to local governments is referred to as one of the four major forms of
Decentralization (Mathur, 1983); the other three being de-concentration, delegation to semi-
autonomous or para-statal agencies and transfer of functions from public to non-government
institutions. Devolution of power implies transfer of authority to sub-national governments
electorally accountable to the sub-national populations (Turner & Hulme, 1997).
Pakistan‟s history is checked with political instability and frequent administrative changes. While
independence movement was driven by political party mobilizations at the grassroots level,
however, post-independence, there was little emphasis on local governments. The limited scope
and authority of local governments that existed were controlled and superseded by the central
bureaucracy by not holding elections and where elections were held, by limited „franchise‟ and
massive malpractices (Waseem M. , 2007). During the decade of the 1950s, weakening of local
governments coincided with increasing centralization and a centre was increasingly dominated
by the symbiotic nexus forged between the civil and military bureaucracy (Jalal, 1995). Politically
centralizing factors strengthened due to numerous changes in governments including four major
military coups and wars with India in 1948, 1965 and 1971 led Pakistan to extremely centralized
decision making mechanisms (Talbot, 2009). Elements of welfare state dropped down in
priorities list and Pakistan‟s political discourse was highly influenced by its security concerns.
The three most significant decentralization reforms in the six decades old history of Pakistan
were introduced by authoritarian military regimes in 1959, 1979 and 2001 respectively. These
systems had five stark similarities (Bhatti, 2013):
i. Military governments installed all the three systems of local government in Pakistan.
ii. First local body elections were held in the absence of any other forum of the elected
government at provincial or federal levels.
iii. Local government systems were incubated by the federal governments bypassing the
provincial tier of governance.
iv. Local government systems were deployed as a “ladder of legitimacy” by successive
military governments in Pakistan.
v. Local governments systems were used as a tool to extend central authority of the
federation to the district and local levels which, according to some studies, led to over-
centralized governance structures in Pakistan.
This led to apprehensions, hostility and mistrust about devolution of power to local government
among political parties.
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1.1. HISTORY OF DECENTRALIZATION IN PAKISTAN A brief glimpse of the three local government reforms introduced by military regimes, given
below, shows why political parties had a high level of mistrust in devolution of power to local
government in Pakistan.
1.1.1. Basic Democracies System, 1959
In 1958, General Ayub Khan, Pakistan‟s first Martial Law Administrator, disbanded national and
provincial assemblies and revived local governments as the only representative tier of
government. The new local governments comprised of a hierarchical system of four linked tiers.
The lowest tier of Union Councils consisted of members elected on the basis of adult franchise
who, in turn, elected a chairman from amongst themselves. The higher tiers of local government
had some members elected indirectly by these directly elected members and some official
members nominated by the Government (Rizvi, 1976).
In the pursuit of legitimacy, the 1962 Constitution explicitly linked the office of the President to the
newly created local bodies by declaring the 80,000 Basic Democrats as the Electoral College for
the election of the President and national and provincial assemblies. Based on the concept of
“controlled democracy”, the bureaucracy was supposed to guide the politicians while resisting
their corrosive influences.
At the level of local governments, a legislative divide was maintained between urban areas,
which were governed through the Municipal Administration Ordinance (1960), and the rural areas
governed by the Basic Democracies Ordinance (1959). In a bid to secure electoral mandate, the
share of targeted provincial and federal development resources was increased in favor of rural
areas (Ahmed & Amjad, 1984).
However, the system of Basic Democracies was knocked down in 1969 as it failed to mobilize
the rural population around the institutions of national integration. Its focus was on a centralized
economic planning and development which led to regional disparities resulting in widespread
political discontent.
1.1.2. Local Government Reforms, 1979
Local governments were revived under General Zia-ul-Haq‟s military regime through the
promulgation of Local Government Ordinances (LGOs) and local bodies were elected in all four
provinces during 1979 and 1980. The functions and financial powers assigned to local
governments were in coherence with those delegated in the Basic Democracies system.
The direct representation of the bureaucracy in local governments as members and chairmen
was abolished and instead stipulated that all members of all tiers of local government were to be
directly elected through adult franchise. However, the local elections were organized on non-
party basis which resulted in personalization of politics and strengthened the regimes of
individual and tribal patronage at the local level (Wilder, 1999). The rural-urban divide persisted
at the level of rural or district councils, town and municipal committees and corporations.
After the revival of elected federal and provincial assemblies in 1985, the absence of political
linkages among different tiers of government, an outcome of non-party based local electoral
system, widened the chasm between provincial and local tier which was seen as a competing
structure of patronage.
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1.1.3. The Evolutionary Epoch (1985-1999)
Between 1988 and 1999, the concentration of buoyant revenues in the hands of the federal and
provincial governments created a discount with regard to the sense of ownership on part of the
local tier. The provincial governments pre-empted the functions of local governments in
delivering local services such as water supply, sanitation, land development etc. This resulted in
constraining the financial capacity of local governments and led to the suspension of local bodies
between 1993 and 1998 (World Bank, 2000).
1.1.4. Devolution of Power Plan, 2001
The Devolution of Power Plan by General (Retired) Pervaiz Musharraf culminated into the
provincial governments promulgating the Local Government Ordinance, 2001 in their respective
provinces to establish a new local government system with effect from August 14, 2001.
Under the plan, the District Coordination Officer (DCO) was designated to report directly to the
elected head of the government (Nazim) at district level. Simultaneously, the DCO no longer
retained the executive magistracy and revenue collection powers. Vast majority of public services
previously under the purview of the de-concentrated district administration were transferred to
elected local governments.
Both the members and heads of the basic tier of government, the union council, were elected
through public vote who, in turn, indirectly selected the head of the district government, the
District Nazim. The provincial powers and responsibilities were devolved to the district and sub-
district levels of governments but no decentralization of any federal powers to either the
provincial or local levels was undertaken.
The decentralization process was not uniform across the board, with significant heterogeneity in
its extent not only across administrative departments but also across services within a
department. The reform took place fairly rapidly under the military rule and at the time when no
provincial and federal elected governments were in power. This created a void in integrating the
newly elected local government with the soon to be elected provincial/federal governments.
1.2. DEVOLUTION ENUNCIATED BY 18TH CONSTITUTIONAL
AMENDMENT The 18
th Amendment passed in April, 2010 was billed as the most comprehensive reform
package after the passage of the 1973 Constitution. The aim was to repeal the 17th Amendment
and reform the Constitution in the light of the Charter of Democracy. The Charter provided the
work-plan for the Parliamentary Committee for Constitutional Reforms (PCCR). It recognized the
importance of subsidiarity by asserting that: “Local bodies election will be held on party basis
through provincial election commissions in respective provinces and constitutional protection will
be given to the local bodies to make them autonomous and answerable to their respective
assemblies as well as to the people through regular courts of law” (Waseem M. , 2010). The
mainstream parties in the country had signed the Charter in London in May, 2006 to pave the
way for democratic transition.
The Constitution (18th Amendment) Act, 2010 was finalized by the 26 member PCCR headed by
Senator Raza Rabbani (Hamid, 2010). As deliberated by Mr. Rabbani, this “negotiated legislative
revolution has changed more that 36% (102 Articles) contents of the Constitution, which is the
first ever home-grown initiative to reclaim the original federal character and spirit of the country
(Khan, 2013).
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The 18th Amendment has introduced important steps towards the devolution of authority and
enhancing provincial autonomy. It removed the Concurrent Legislative List that was a bone of
contention between the federation and the provinces. Article 140-A adopted in the constitution
via the 18th Amendment stipulates:
“Each province shall, by law, establish a local government system and devolve political,
administrative and financial responsibility and authority to the elected representatives of the local
government. (2) Elections to the local governments shall be held by the election commission of
Pakistan.”
Furthermore, the Article 32 of Principles of Policy asks the State to encourage local government
institutions composed of elected representatives of the areas concerned and give special
representation to minorities, peasants, workers and women in such institutions. Similarly, Article
37(i) calls for decentralization of government administration on the axis of expeditious disposal of
business for convenience of people.
Hence, the Constitution categorically defines four parameters for elected Local Government that
it has to have political, administrative, financial and electoral responsibility and authority (Bhatti,
2013):
i. Devolution of Political Responsibility and Authority: The political aspect corresponds
to the regulative and policy related responsibilities and authorities to be devolved to the
local government(s).
ii. Devolution of Administrative Responsibility and Authority: The administrative aspect
relates to executive responsibilities and authorities in the course of every-day functioning
of the local government(s).
iii. Devolution of Financial Responsibility and Authority: The fiscal component relates to
the revenue and expenditure assignments of the local government(s).
iv. Devolution of Responsibility and Authority to the Elected Representatives of Local
Government: This component clearly establishes that the devolution of responsibilities
and authorities of all the functions should be assigned to the elected representatives of
the local government.
1.3. KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT 2013 Following the elections, a new sense of urgency was palpable for strength seeing local
government the provinces found themselves in a vivtnal race to do better. KPK took lead to
estimate in real earnest as have PTI, which won the most seats, emerged on the scene without
any baggage. The process was given a boost in KPK by the UNDP initiative for federalism and
The Local Government Act, 2013 was passed by the Provincial Assembly on October, 30, 2013
(Buneri, 2013). AHKRC with the help of UNDP organized a series of consultations with
representatives of political parties, government officials, members of academic community,
media and civil society a candid dialogue on the subjects and functions to be devolved from
provincial to local government stipulated under the 18th Amendment. Detailed discussion on the
draft bill was made possible due to technical assistance received from Secretary, Local
Government, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Technical Working Group Members.
The Chief Secretary Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Arbab Muhammad Shehzad of Reforms
Implementation Cell (RIC), had established Working Groups for Education, Health, Local
Government & Rural and E-Governance to accomplish the mission of the Provincial government.
The Working Group in local government and rural development sector were enriched by
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participation of top political leadership including Inayatuallh Khan (Minister for Local Government
and Rural Development Department) as Chairman, Shahram Khan Tarakai (Minister for
Agriculture), Member, Yousaf Ayub (Minister for Communication and Works), Member, Shafqat
Mehmood, (Member National Assembly), Member, Ms. Aneesa Zeb Tahirkheli (Member
Provincial Assembly), Member, Hifzur Rahman (Secretary Administration), Member, Rahmat
Ghazi, Member, Ali Asghar Khan, Member, Dr. Iqbal Khalil, Member, Fariduddin Ahmad,
Member, Mukhtar Javed, Member, Ms. Mayuam Bibi, Member and Syed Said Badshah Bukhari
(Secretary Local Government) as Member/Secretary.
The Working Group was responsible for preparing the draft of Local Government Bill. After the
completion of legal proceedings, it was approved by the cabinet and later taken up by the KP
Assembly. The new Act incorporated most of the recommendations received during the
consultation process initiated by UNDP and AHKRC. The Act envisages that the local body polls
will be held under the new law instead of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Ordinance,
2001.Consultation is also being carried out with the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) in
this regard. An overview of this draft is mentioned below:
1.3.1. District Government
District Government is mandated to provide and manage social services including water,
sanitation, sewerage, education and health.
District Council and District Administration will be made up of the devolved offices with
Executive Authority vested in Chairman District Council. The Chairman will look after the
operation, management, financial and administrative control of devolved offices and will
be responsible to the people and Government for improvement of governance and
delivery of services.
1.3.2. Tehsil Government
Supervisory role, provision of municipal services (streets, roads, water supply etc.) and
development of infrastructure will be the obligation of tehsil government.
1.3.3. Village and Neighbourhood Councils
This will be the lowest tier of government (replacing Union Council) and comprise of 4,000 to
8,000 elected officials with Chairman and Vice-Chairman as its leaders. The delimitation of the
village councils will be done for the first time. These councils will monitor and supervise the
performance of functionaries of government departments located in the area of the council
including education, health, engineering, agriculture, livestock policy and revenue.
1.3.4. Grants and Fiscal Transfer Framework
Provincial Finance Commission (PFC) comprising of 12 members including Minister of Finance
(Chairman), Minister Local Government, two members of Provincial Assembly nominated by
Chief Minister and Leader of Opposition, Secretaries to Government, Finance, P&D and Local
Government (LG) Departments, Two Chairmen District Councils and Two Chairman Tehsil
Councils will be constituted.
The PFC will make recommendations to the Government on the amount of Local Government
Grant out of Provincial Consolidated Fund in a financial year in addition to the grant in lieu of
Octroi and Zilla Tax. Development grant for local governments shall be so determined that it is
not less than 50% of the total development budget of the province in a given year. Grants to local
government will be predicated on the criteria of poverty, population, and infrastructure lag and
revenue base.
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1.3.5. Elections and Franchise
District and Tehsil Councils
i. Direct elections to general seats of both District and Tehsil Councils will be held
on bases of Wards. 33% for women, 5% for peasants and workers, 5% for
minorities and 5% seats will be reserved for youth.
ii. Elections to district and Tehsil Councils will be held on party basis and a political
party shall be eligible to obtain an election symbol for contesting the elections.
iii. There will be single member territorial wards for general seats in Tehsil and
District Council and District and Tehsil single ward for all seats reserved for
women, peasants and non-Muslims.
iv. Members will fill reserved seats, elected through proportional representation
system of political parties list of candidates, on the basis of the total number of
general seats by each political party.
v. Electoral College for the election of Chairman and Vice chairman District and
Tehsil Council shall be members of respective council.
Village and Neighbourhood Councils
i. Direct elections on non-party basis through adult franchise, joint electorate and
free list system will be conducted for Village and Neighbourhood Councils.
ii. Candidates obtaining highest and 2nd
highest votes will be designated as
Chairperson and Vice Chairperson.
iii. The councils will consist of General Seats (Muslims) for 5 to 10 members. 2 seats
for women, 1 for peasants and workers, 1 for minorities and 1 seat will be
reserved for youth.
Rationale for Consultations Objectives
Strategy
Methodology
Key Questions
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2.0 RATIONALE FOR CONSULTATIONS
Inspired by 18th constitutional amendment and the country‟s quest to optimize opportunities to
improve service delivery mechanisms through democratic and parliamentary instruments of
decision-making, UNDP embarked upon the project titled “Strengthening Participatory
Federalism and Decentralization” to inform, facilitate, support and maximize the process of
transition-management at federal, provincial and grassroots level. Driven by thses objectives
UNDP supported the process of holding a series of consultation meetings in four major regions of
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) including Dera Ismail Khan (DI Khan), Peshawar, Hazara and
Malakand regions. AHKRC collaborated with UNDP to set in motionthe process of
Consultations.Diologues between community, elected representatives and government officials
were convened in D.I.Khan , Abbottabad, Swat and Peshawar with great success. The current
report entails a brief account of the rationale, strategy, proceedings and recommendations of
these consultations.
2.1. CONSULTATION OBJECTIVES The main objectives of the consultations, in line with UNDP‟s initiative on Strengthening
Federalism were as follows:
i. To facilitate consensus based legislation by provincial law makers in KP
ii. To generate discussion on the context of devolving power to Local Government
Authorities (LGAs) as defined by Article 140-A of the Constitution of Islamic Republic of
Pakistan
iii. To exchange views on appropriate number of tiers for Local Government, size and
boundaries of each tier, criteria for deciding the level of each tier and devolution of
sectors and functions to various tiers
2.2. CONSULTATION STRATEGY AHKRC engaged all the key stakeholders in the consultation process and ensured their
maximum involvement to receive meaningful response on the proposed Local Government Act.
For this purpose, small scale meetings were conducted with eminent people from all walks of life
in order to sensitize them of their responsibility to bring their opinions to the forefront with regard
to the local government system in the province. They were informed that this was a crucial
opportunity for them to raise their voice and play a key role in framing a system in accordance to
the public will, whims and demands. Letters of invitation were circulated and all the invitees,
ensuring their participation, were reminded through electronic mails, telephone calls and Mobile-
Text-Messages/ Short Messaging Service (SMS) of their commitment prior to the days of holding
the workshops.
2.2.1. Participants in Consultation
The consultation meetings were attended by more than 200 participants including the Minister for
Local Government and Rural Development Department, Mr. Inayatullah Khan, Speaker
Provincial Assembly KP, Mr. Asad Qaiser, representatives of mainstream coalition and
opposition political parties of the country as well as the region (Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf,
Pakistan People‟s Party, Pakistan Muslim League-N, Muttahida Ulema Council, Jamaat-e-Islami,
Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Islam-F, Awami National Party, Muttahida Qaumi Movement, Qaumi Watan
Party, Tehreek-Suba Hazara Pakistan, Global Peace Council, Swat Qaumi Jirga, Sraiki Lok
Party), members of Working Group in local government and rural development sector, serving as
well as retired public servants, academia, department heads of local government institutions
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(Local Government and Rural Development Department-LGRDD), Civil Society Organizations
(CSOs), (Rise International, Sarhad Rural Support Program, Sungi Development Foundation,
Women Commission, Swat Active Youth Society, Innovative Youth Forum, Optimistic Youth
Network, GIZ, First Women Jirga, The Awakening), lawyers from the district bar association,
former councilors, minorities and print and electronic media personnel (Express News, Geo
News, Daily Mezan-e-Adl, ARY News, Dunya News, PTV, Daily Shamal, Daily Aitidal, Daily
Auqaf, Daily Dawn, Daily Statesman, Daily Mashriq, Daily Akhbar-e-Khabar, Daily Nai Baat,
Daily Payam-e-Noor, Daily Sarhad Times, Daily Darpan). For Details, See Annexures. The
overwhelming participation of women, coming from diverse backgrounds, was a very important
indicator of their perception that they were key stakeholder in the decision making process
revolving around bottom-up democratic approaches.
2.3. CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY The methodology was designed to ensure meaningful participation without any discrimination. In
line with the principles of democratic discourse, two way communication was ensured whereby
the participants were encouraged to ask questions, give their views and share their experiences.
The participants were informed, through presentations, about the context and constitutional
requirements of Article 140- A and the redistribution of subjects and functions between various
tiers of government.
The Draft Policy Framework on Local Development in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa developed by the
high-powered working group was also presented and explained to the participants. They were
then engaged in healthy discussions, through group work, presentations and one-to-one
interactions, regarding the devolution of responsibilities and authorities of all the functions to the
elected representatives and its implications in the wake of Article 140-A. The participants were
divided into three groups. Each group presented their views and further discussion was carried
out on their suggestions and opinions.
2.4. KEY QUESTIONS To facilitate the discussion, the participants were asked to respond the following key questions:
Question 1
a) What sectors do we want to devolve from the provincial to local government?
b) What functions in each sector we want to devolve to various tiers of local government?
Question 2
Article 140-A has mentioned to “devolve political, administrative and financial responsibility and
authority to the elected representatives of the local governments” however, administrative and
financial functions are not being performed by elected representatives at provincial level. So,
the participants were asked to determine how these functions could be devolved to elected
representatives at local level and what would be its implications needs to be thoroughly
reviewed due to the serious nature of its consequences.
Question 3
Bearing in mind that any legislation done by a province is open to judicial review, the
participants were reminded to make decisions in line with the sub-clause stating that the
province should “devolve political, administrative and financial responsibility and authority to the
elected representatives of the local governments” could be challenged in the court of law and
delay and derail the process of devolution to local governments and local bodies elections.
Understanding Issues Perspective Participants Key Legislative Issues Deliberated
18
Municipal courts should
be established to
regulate encroachment,
inflation and other
municipal laws.
Zafran Hussain
(Pakistan People’s
Party)
Election at Village
Council level should be
held on party basis and
seats for women should
be increased from 33%
to 50%.
Faheem Iqbal
(Advocate)
Minimum educational
qualification for the
District and Tehsil
Chairmen should be
Graduation.
M. Saeed
(Social Worker)
3.0 UNDERSTANDING THE ISSUES
3.1. PARTICIPANTS PERSPECTIVE ON DEVOLUTION The views of the participants on the question of devolution generated a lively debate. The views
touched on different issues relating to the structure and organization of government. The
following is an executive summary of the views:
Benefits should be apportioned from resources between the district government and
village councils where such resources are found.
Almost all the participants agreed on Village Council as the lowest tier of government.
There was wide support for local government, which people said should be strengthened
to support the state in administrative, management and development at the local level. ·
The Budget should be done from the grassroots level to the top.
All councilors should be elected on party basis through adult franchise and joint
electorate.
The Chairmen of District and Tehsil Councils should be elected directly by the people.
The councilors should be required to have certain minimum educational qualifications.
There should be a certain proportion of women in Provincial and District Finance
Commissions.
Some articulated that the Local Government Ordinance, 2001 should be implemented
with amendments instead of it being abolished.
Others were in favour of filling reserved seats on proportional basis.
Annual Development Programs (ADPs) should be shared with the members of village
councils in order to avoid duplication and prevent the wastage of development funds.
District Finance Commission should be established at district level to ensure an amicable
and equitable distribution of financial resources.
Monitoring and supervisory mechanisms should be strengthened to ensure
accountability, transparency and efficient delivery of public services at the grassroots
level.
Persons with Disabilities should have reserved seats in the Village, Tehsil and District
Councils as they form 15% to 18% of the total population in the country.
The delimitation of village councils should be pursued on the basis of population and not
on the basis of geographic area.
19
Honorarium must be
granted to the Union
Councilors to get rid of
the dreaded menace of
corruption.
Rubina Naz
(Women Commission)
Framework should be
developed to ensure
compatibility of the LG
Act with the existing
civil service structure by
transferring fiscal and
administrative
authorities to the
elected represent-
atives. Nobat Khan
(MQM)
Revenue assignment
and Expenditure
assignment must be
given due manifestation
in the proposed KP LG
Act 2013.
Naznin Shad
(PARD Peshawar)
The main aspects of
the Local Government
System should be
publicized in the print
and electronic media
for the common people
in their language.
Kamran Haider
(Former Councilor)
Regular capacity
building programs
should be initiated for
the Union Council
members, Tehsil and
District Chairman,
common public and all
other stakeholders.
M. Ashfaq
(Advocate)
The District and Tehsil
Chairmen should be
directly elected through
adult franchise and joint
electorate
Habibullah Wazir
(Additional Collector)
The right to impeach
the District and Tehsil
Chairmen should be
granted to the
Councilors to ensure
accountability.
M. Siddique
(Former Councilor)
Consensus should be
developed among the
local leaders and
members of assemblies
on power sharing and
linkages.
Latifullah
(Retd. Civil Servant)
Legislation should be
carried out to ensure
the continuity of the
local government
system but it should be
in accordance with
changing times.
Irfan Mughal
(Ary News)
Development plans
should be implemented
by respective councils
minimizing allocation of
resources to MPAs and
MNAs.
Naila Nazir (Asst.
Professor Peshawar
University)
Equal financial funds
should be granted to
the Village Councils to
discourage corruption.
Ijaz Ahmad
(Qaumi Watan Party)
Public should be
facilitated on the day of
election as a voter will
have to caste 7 votes.
Usman Ghani
(Sarhad Rural
Support Program)
20
3.2. KEY LEGISLATIVE ISSUES DELIBERATED
The key issues discussed in the meetings included the history and background of devolution, the
size and character of devolved units, the institutions and structures of devolved government, the
powers and functions of devolved units, financing of devolved units, the place of marginalized
groups and communities in the devolved system of government, and the process of
implementing the devolved system of government.
The proposal for Devolution of Power by the government of KP was supported in principle. The
participants of workshops felt that the suggestions and recommendations coming from the
grassroots level should be incorporated and taken into consideration to make the proposed
legislation responsive to local concerns. It was urged very strongly to create viable structures that
would promote equitable resource allocation, accountable governance, delivery of public services
and the empowerment of the people.
3.2.1. Tiers of Government
The delegates were predominantly in the support of Village and Neighbourhood Councils as the
lowest tier of government. It was suggested that their delimitation should be carried out on the
basis of population. Some participants favoured a three-tier devolution structure (district, tehsil
and village and neighbourhood council) while others were of the view that it should be a two-tier
devolution structure (district government and village and neighbourhood councils) by abolishing
the tehsil tier or integrating it with the district. It was generally proposed that there ought to be
comparable social and economic resources for the proposed units of devolution.
3.2.2. Understanding Constitutional Requirements of Devolution
The Articles 140-A, 32 and 37(i) were discussed with the participants at length. Some of the
people had limited knowledge and level of comprehension about devolution, its underlying
aspects and the constitutional provision related to it. It was felt that regular capacity building
endeavors were the need of the hour in developing the political knowledge of the general public
at the grass roots level. It was discussed that this would lead to the realization of their rights as
well as duties which would benefit in the efficient functioning of local governments.
3.2.3. Functions of Devolved Government
Some delegates were of the view that District Councils ought to have legislative power devolved
to them while others were of the view that the Provincial assembly ought to handle all legislative
issues of the devolved government. Some participants argued in favour of devolving functions
police, minerals, tourism and forestry departments to the district governments. One of the
participants suggested that documentation of current facilities and quality of services as well
resources and local priorities should be devolved to the tiers of local government. It was asserted
that the Village and Neighbourhood Councils should be given tax collection authority and 40% of
the revenue generated thus should be spent on the Union Council (UC) while the remaining may
be transferred to the district councils. It was proposed that the Disaster Management and
Response Department along with the Forest and Environment Department should be devolved to
the lowest tier. It was also proposed that Zakat and Bait-ul-Mal fund should be distributed
through democratic process by allocating it to the local village council which should be
responsible to select the deserving individuals.
3.2.4. Delimitation of Wards
The fora asserted that a consultation mechanism ought to be set up for taking the general public
on board. It was unanimously agreed that the delimitation of wards should be pursued on the
21
basis of population. One of the participants put forth the idea that the population of Village and
Neighbourhood Council‟s should not be more than 20,000. It was argued that one Union Council
should comprise of at the most two village councils to reduce the number of Village and
Neighbourhood Councils by half.
3.2.5. Coordination among Stakeholders
The delegates discussed that the political linkages among the members of Village/Union councils
and the Members of Provincial Assembly (MPAs) or Members of National Assembly (MNAs)
should be strengthened and the tussle to overpower one‟s rivals in the quest to localize and
personalize power by virtue of clienteles‟ politics may be abolished.
3.2.6. Financial Arrangements
Some of the participants proposed that District Finance Commission may be constituted in order
to decentralize the fiscal matters including the handling and expenditure of funds. The delegates
appreciated the current government‟s efforts and planning to ensure that development grant for
local governments should not be less than 50% of the total development budget of the province
in a given year. Another suggestion was that women should have representation in the Provincial
Finance Commission (PFC) as well District Finance Commission (DFC). It was also proposed
that district monitoring and evaluation councils should be formed with the inclusion of civil society
representatives in order to promote transparency, inclusion and accountability.
3.2.7. Taxation
The forum felt that in order to mobilize and generate revenue and reduce dependence on the
provincial government, taxes should be levied at the Union Council level on natural resources
such as forests, minerals, water and tourism. It was suggested that the terminology of “Tax”
should be replaced by “Service Charges” and based upon the previous system of Usher that had
existed in the area during the mid-nineteenth century. Some delegates strongly opposed the
employment of any sort of tax regime at the local level while others professed the implementation
of Pakistan Income Tax Act, 1932 in Swat.
3.2.8. Administration of Devolved Units
It was proposed that local government service commission should be established to provide
personnel to the devolved units. The tenure, academic and age qualifications for the
administrators should also be specified. The participants also argued that the District
Coordination Officer (DCO) and District Police Officer (DPO) should report to the chairman of
District Council. Some delegates were of the opinion that the Police department should be
independent to ensure transparency and rule of law. The fora proposed that District, Tehsil and
UC coordination officers should be designated to improve the coordination among district, tehsil
and village councils. It was suggested that the Chairman of Village and Neighbourhood Council
should be promoted to scale 14 to ensure efficiency and transparency.
3.2.9. Participation of Women
Women from different walks of life present in the meeting, expressed their views and demanded
equal participation of women in the local government system. The Founder and Chairperson of
First Women Jirga proposed that the elimination of violence and all forms of discrimination
against women should be the responsibility of the village and neighbourhood council. Besides, it
was suggested that the women should be granted ample representation in the reconciliatory
committees at the local level to enable them stand for the safeguard of their rights. It was also
discussed that it should be the responsibility of the lowest tier of local government to facilitate the
women with any easy access to Bait-ul-Mal.
3.2.10. Electoral Process
22
Some participants were in favour of holding the election at all the three tiers of local government
(village and neighbourhood council, tehsil and district) on non-party basis. The argument put
forward was that the vested and clientelist interests of political parties was a hurdle towards
transferring the benefits of the LG system to the grassroots level and un-equal distribution of
development funds. The opponents of this debate were of the view that the even the non-party
candidates and local representatives had clandestine affiliations with political parties so it was
better to hold the elections on party basis to avoid the localization and personalization of power.
Another suggestion was that the Chairmen of Tehsil and District Councils should be elected
directly and an educational qualification should be specified for their offices. It was also
discussed that the tenure for the local governments should be from 4-5 years duration by giving
the system ample amount of time to mature and reciprocate to the demands of the modern times.
3.2.11. Challenges to Devolution
During the workshops, the main challenges facing devolution were discussed including
inadequate resources to support the effective implementation of devolution, political resistance to
the implementation of devolution, lack of a common understanding of the roles of the different
institutions involved in the implementation. In addition, some of the challenges being faced are
mentioned below:
Lack of rule of law
Lack of awareness about local government system, concept, spirit and working
Non-implementation of accountability, mechanism as provided in law
Lack of political will to strengthen the grassroots level of resolution of local problems
Prevailing political rivalry amongst the local leaders and members of assemblies on
power-sharing and artificial supremacy
Doing and un-doing the LG system by the political parties in power-lack of continuation of
the system (gaps, intervals etc.)
Undue interference in the functioning of LG institutions by political elites, bureaucracy,
influential people and press
People‟s attitude towards LG not realistic rather aggressive, selfish and humiliating
Non-merit based staff induction at all tiers and frequent transfers against the prescribed
policy of government and over-staffing
Local taxes neither encouraged nor levied through the process of law
Financial constraints and wastage of value resources
Non-observance of municipal code
Moral corruption
Poor managerial qualities of the departmental heads of local government institutions and
poor coordination
Dialogue Facilitation among Stakeholders
Minister Local Government KP Speaker Provincial Assembly KP Point of View of the Opposition Parties
24
4.0 DIALOGUE FACILITATION AMONG
STAKEHOLDERS
One of the most significant features of the consultative meetings was the participation of key
Government officials and representatives from the ruling, coalition and opposition political
parties. Members of the Working Group in Local Government and Rural Development who had
been designated the task of framing the Local Government Act, 2013 were also present. Mr.
Inayatullah Khan, Minister Local Government and Rural Development Department (LG&RDD),
along with Speaker Provincial Assembly KP, Mr. Asad Qaiser, also graced the consultation with
their presence. The Government luminaries not only informed the audience with recent
developments, procedures, processes, consultations, matters of agreement and contest; but also
responded to the queries raised by the participants from different segments of society regarding
the local government legislation.
4.1. ADDRESS BY MINISTER LOCAL GOVERNMENT KP Addressing the inaugural session of the final workshop held in Peshawar on October 30, 2013,
Mr. Inayatullah Khan, Minister for Local Government and Rural Development Department
(LG&RDD) KP, said that the inclusion of the public sentiment to firm up a solid program would go
a long way in fostering the true spirit of devolution of power. At the same time, he said, the KP
government had been holding consultative meetings for the last five days to finalize the Act
through consensus. The issue of holding elections on party or non-party basis was expected to
be resolved pretty soon, he said.
While talking to the participants of the consultation forum, the Minister unveiled the proposed
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act, 2013 provided for direct elections on general seats
of District and Tehsil Councils. He informed the audience that the proposed bill envisaged filling
of the reserved seats in Tehsil and District Councils on the basis of proportional representation
system of party`s list of candidates on the pattern similar to that of filling such seats in the
national and provincial assemblies.
A major innovation in the bill, he said, was the replacement of Union Councils by Village Councils
in rural areas and Neighbourhood Councils in urban areas. The new law envisaged establishing
3,500 villages and neighbourhood councils across the province with population ranging between
2,000 and 10,000. The wards for the general seats in tehsil council and district council would be
single member territorial wards. He further added that the elections of all the local councils would
be held on the basis of joint electorate and adult franchise. However, the polls for village and
neighbourhood councils would be held on non-party basis whereas rest of the councils would be
on party-basis.
He clarified that each Tehsil or District would be a single ward for all seats reserved for women,
peasants and workers, youth and non-Muslims allocated to the tehsil or district. Furthermore,
Members to fill seats reserved for women, peasants and workers, youth and non-Muslims in the
tehsil council and district council would be elected through proportional representation system of
political parties` list of candidates on the basis of the total number of general seats secured by
each political party in the respective local council.
The Minister noted that the Electoral College for the election of Nazim and Naib Nazim of a
district and tehsil councils would be all the members of the district and tehsil councils
25
respectively. He articulated that the proposed law envisaged that the elections to district and
tehsil councils would be held on party basis and a political party shall be eligible to obtain an
election symbol for contesting these elections.
It also empowered a member elected on independent basis to join any political party within three
days of the publication in official gazette of the names of the returned candidates and the total
number of seats won by a political party would also include those independents.
Mr. Inayatullah stated that under the proposed law the provincial government would within 60
days of the commencement of the law notify village and neighbourhood councils in all districts.
Each village and neighbourhood council would comprise 10 to 15 members, including five to 10
Muslim members, determined on the basis of population, elected to general seats; two members
elected to seats reserved for women; and one member each elected to seat reserved for
peasants and workers, youth and non-Muslims.
The village and neighbourhood councils would be multi-member wards for election of members
and the candidates securing the highest and second highest number of votes in the election on
general seats of the village and neighbourhood councils, would respectively be the Nazim and
Naib Nazim of that council.
Another important initiative, he added, was the activation and strengthening of District
Development Advisory Committee (DDAC). The Deputy Commissioner would be the Secretary of
the committee and would go a long way in the formulation of an effective coordination
mechanism among the Members Provincial Assemblies (MPAs) and Nazims District and tehsil
Councils. He told the gathering that the committee had the mandate to discuss all the issues
pertinent to the district regarding law and order situation, fiscal matters, and administrative
procedures etc. but had not been bestowed the authority to strike down decisions taken by the
District Councils, thus, granting flexible impunity to the local governments and also ensuring
transparency and accountability.
In responding to the questions of the participants, Mr. Inayatullah said that the District Nazim had
been granted authority over the Deputy Commissioner who was supposed to report directly to
the elected representative and the Nazim reserved the prerogative to present his Annual
Confidential Report (ACR). He said that the District Finance Commission (DFC) had not been
proposed in the bill but the Provincial Finance Commission (PFC), headed by the Provincial
Finance Minister, had been strengthened. Two Tehsil Nazims from the province were to be
selected as representatives of the local government in PFC, he said. He further added that the
right to impeach the Nazim had been given to the respective council and no-confidence motion
could be passed through two-third majority.
In an answer to the question on autonomy of the Village, Tehsil and District Councils, the
Minister elucidated that all these entities had been corporate in the past but now the proposed bill
has restored their demarcation, in terms of coordination, and also defined the legislative
competence of each tier. He said that a grade-7 clerk would be provided to each Village Council
who would be answerable to Tehsil Municipal Officer (TMO) and Tehsil Municipal Administration
while the Village Council would present the annual report to Tehsil Council. Village Councils
would be constituted within the limits of Union Councils (UC) and UC unit had not been broken,
rather, it had been subdivided into smaller units.
On the question of tussle of power among the MNAs, MPAs and Local Government, Mr.
Inayatullah Khan responded that the idea of devolution of power would sink into the minds of the
stakeholders gradually and the continuity of political process, strengthening of political parties,
26
political maturity , economic and social empowerment of communities along with awareness and
education in the masses would be instrumental in discouraging the MPAs and MNAs to
challenge the autonomy and authority of local governments.
While pointing to the devolution of police related matters to the Village Council, the Minister said
that the Department of Police had been regulated by the Police Order 2001. However, governing
boards and committees would be formed from among the elected representatives in the Village
Councils to ensure accountability, fairness, efficiency and transparency under the Thana of their
jurisdiction.
Mr. Inayatullah Khan, answering to a question on the educational qualification of the Nazims,
elaborated that the Constitution of Pakistan had not imposed any such restriction even for the
seat of Prime Minister and so the proposed bill, in conjunction with it, had not envisaged such a
constraint.
Some of the participants of the forum remarked that non-party based Village Council elections
will give vent to floor crossing and horse trading. In his reply, the Minister said that the question
on dichotomy of electoral systems among different tiers of local government had remained a
matter of serious debate in the Select Committee meetings but he believed that it would become
quite difficult for the political parties to manage the election of 60,000 councilors. He added that
non-party based elections would strengthen the spirit of Village Councils, however, the matter
was still under debate and a solution to it would soon be reached through consensus.
While responding to a major question on the political and bureaucratic interference in the affairs
of district governments, Mr. Inayatullah articulated that the local government would operate within
the framework of the provincial government, therefore, the proposed law did not impinge the local
government system. “The Chief Minister can suspend the District Council Nazim for 30 days and
if not proved he will stay reinstated”, he said.
4.2. ADDRESS BY SPEAKER PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLY KP In practical demonstration of KPK‟s poitical leadership‟s commitment Speaker Provincial
Assembly, Mr. Asad Qaiser, devoted time to a number of sessions. He said consensus had been
achieved on the 95% content of the KP Local Government Act 2013 in consultation with all
political parties including opposition parties. PTI government, he said had allocated 37% of the
budget for the first time in history, for the proposed three tier structure of government, at the
Village, Tehsil and District level. He commended the efforts of the Provincial Government in
promoting an atmosphere of consultation by taking all the stakeholders on board and deliberated
that the 18th amendment presented a historic opportunity to the people of the country to claim
their share in the power structure.
4.3. POINT OF VIEW OF OPPOSITION PARTIES Representing the opposition parties in the meeting held in the provincial capital Peshawar, Mr.
Atta-ur-Rehman from Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Islam (JUI-F) emphasized the importance of devolution
of fiscal and administrative authorities and responsibilities to the elected representatives and
articulated that the proposed legislation should be in coherence with the Constitution of Pakistan
in letter as well as in spirit. He remarked that mechanisms need to be put in place to discourage
tussle between the local government representatives and MPAs. He said that personalization
and localization of power should also be checked through proper accountability and checks and
balances.
Recommendations from the Grassroots… Political Devolution Administrative Devolution Financial Devolution General Recommendations
28
5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS FROM
GRASSROOTS
The participants came up with numerous recommendations on the structural mechanics,
procedural dynamics and strategic corollaries of the devolution process. Here is a brief
description of these recommendations:
5.1. POLITICAL DEVOLUTION Party-based Electoral System: Local body elections should be held on party basis in
order to maximize the political linkages between different tiers of government and
minimize the localization and personalization of politics. Furthermore, this would also
discourage floor crossing and horse trading.
Direct Election of Nazims: As opposed to the previous practice carried out in the
Devolution of Power Plan, 2001, the head of Distirct Government, Distirct Nazim, and
that of Tehsil Government, Tehsil Nazim, should be elected directly through the majority
public vote. The Tehsil and District Nazims should have specified educational
qualifications. The Electoral College should be village council members for District Nazim
and neighbourhood council members for Tehsil Nazim.
Educational Qualification: Minimum educational qualification for the District and Tehsil
Chairmen should be Graduation.
Women Representation: The representational seats of women should be increased
from 33% to 50% in order to give them equitable participation in the decision making
process.
Representation of Minorities: The minorities should be provided an ample opportunity
to participate in the political process by respecting their rights and ensuring seats to be
reserved for them.
Right to Impeach: The right to impeach the District and Tehsil Chairmen should be
granted to the Councilors to ensure accountability.
Delimitation of Village Councils: Delimitation of village councils should be carried out
keeping in mind the population, geographic, ethnic, facilities, staffing, operation and
maintenance. . People from the grassroots level should be accessed to ensure their
participation. The population of a village council should not exceed 20,000. The village
councils should be constituted such that each Union Council houses not more than 2
village councils.
Village Council Members: The number of Village Council members is large which will
lead to an increase in administrative and establishment cost as population of village
councils is comparatively small. The authority and responsibilities should be devolved for
one year to test the efficacy of the system.
Village Council Chairmen: The chairman of village council may be made the members
of district council while vice chairman should be made the member of tehsil council.
Continuity: Legislation should be carried out to ensure continuity in the local
governments. The tenure of Local Government system should be of 5 years duration.
An Anomaly in Proposed Law: The proposed law envisages that the general councilor
with highest number of votes would be the Nazim while the one with the second highest
number of votes would be the Naib Nazim. However, no mechanisms have been
provided in the proposed law to deal with the situation that may arise in the respective
council when one or more general councils are elected unopposed.
29
Scope of Elected Government: The role and scope of local governments in terms of
services pertinent to health, education, sports, administration, agriculture, water
management etc. should be enhanced.
Responsibility to Maintain Social Cohesion: The elected representatives of the Union
Councils should be authorized to resolve social conflicts through reconciliatory process in
order to promote harmony in the locality.
Rule of Law: The decisions undertaken by the elected representatives of local
governments through reconciliation should be granted the status of Rule of Law under
the Judicial Recommendation and Arbitration Act.
Resident Magistrate: The District and Tehsil Councils should have the prerogative of
carrying out legislation to appoint dedicated resident magistrate to Tehsil Municipal
Administration (TMA) for encroachment.
5.2. ADMINISTRATIVE DEVOLUTION Documentation of Priorities: Documentation of current facilities and quality of services
as well resources and local priorities should be devolved to the tiers of local government.
The Academia and Universities should be integrated into this process. The students
should be encouraged to carry out their researches and thesis on these subjects.
Service Delivery: All social service delivery within a district should be under the
subordination of District Council while all municipal and daily consuming services delivery
within a district should be subordinated to Tehsil Council including Public Health and
Engineering Department (PHED). All the administrative functions of devolved
departments under Executive District Officers (EDOs) should be authenticated by the
majority decision of District Council. Similarly, creation of posts, hiring firing transfer of
staff, creation and disposal of assets, approval of new taxes and all contracts should be
approved by the respective councils. There should be no execution at village council
level and the village council should make recommendations to the district council.
Establishment of Local Government Service Commission: Local Government
Service Commission should be formed to recruit/post/induct staff on merit and oversee
the transfer of administrators in coordination with the chairman of the District Council.
Coordination Officers: Coordination officers should be appointed at the District and
Tehsil level and a Secretary at Union Council level, on the pattern of Local Government
Ordinance 2001, to ensure coordination among all tiers of local government. These
should be under the administrative control of Chairmen of respective councils at all level.
Maximum tenure for coordination officers should be 3 years. In case of poor
performance, the officers‟ transfer should be tabled before the respective councils.
Annual Confidential Reports of the coordination officers should be initiated by the
chairmen of respective councils.
District Ombudsmen System: The district ombudsmen system should also be
strengthened to address weakness and irritants in the local governments system.
Autonomous Local Governments: A culture orchestrated around and dominated by the
whims and will of the MPAs and MNAs needs to be discouraged so that the authorities
and responsibilities are devolved to the LGs in letter as well as in spirit. Coordination
must be developed among various tiers of government to abolish intrusion and
localization of power.
Primary and Secondary Education: Educational/university entrance exams should be
held at the district level. The Government school‟s petty funds should be in line with the
recommendations of the Union Council as well as in accordance with the school‟s
development plan. The district government should be authorized to undertake
innovations in the local schools in coherence with the National Education Policy in order
30
to improve the quality of education. The teachers should not be transferred before a
minimum of threshold of 3 years to ensure consistency and continuity.
Vocational/Technical Education: The district government should be granted the
authority to recommend and propose technical/vocational trades in accordance with the
local needs, interests and inclinations of the youth.
Special Education: The Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) working with Persons
with Disabilities should be granted sufficient grants so that they are able to fulfill their
responsibility of complementing the government in letter as well as in spirit. A district
level forum of Persons with Disabilities may be constituted to propose recommendations
to the district government. In addition, legislation should be carried out in the District
Councils for Persons with Disabilities and appropriate steps should be taken to ensure
the implementation of existing by-laws in local context. Finally, Persons with Disabilities
should have representation in district government.
Mother and Child Health Centre: Mother and child health department should be made a
part of the health department. Regular innovative programs should be pursued in order to
bring down the Infant Mortality and Mother Mortality Rates. Local staff should be
appointed to these departments to enhance their efficacy.
Basic Health Units (BHUs), Rural Health Centres (RHCs) and Hospitals: Steps
should be taken by the district government to upgrade the BHU/RHC. Health units should
be under the direct supervision of the local government. In order to promote
accountability and feedback mechanisms, health committees should be linked with the
local government while banning private practice.
Social Welfare and Community Development: The Social Welfare Ordinance 1961
should be granted the status of “Act”. In order to regularize the mushroom growth of
NGOs, scrutinized registration may be pursued. A forum of NGOs at district level should
be revitalized. Simultaneously, CCBs should be given a role in the local government
setup.
Progress Sharing: Annual progress reports should be published on Union Council level
which may be discussed in the District and Tehsil Councils for performance appraisals.
Municipal Courts: Municipal courts and municipal magistrates should be established
under the jurisdiction of the current judiciary to regulate inflation, encroachment and other
municipal by-laws.
Violence against Women: Violence and all forms of discrimination against women
should be designated as the responsibility of the village councils. Representation of
women in reconciliatory committees should be enhanced by ensuring their proper
participation. The village councils should facilitate the women with easy and hassle-free
access to Bait-ul-Mal.
Disaster Management Authority: The disaster management and response authorities
should be devolved to village council level. Formulation of safety, emergency, mitigation
and evacuation plans must be the responsibility of the village councils.
Land Use Planning: To regulate encroachment, land use planning should be devolved
to the districts and should be coordinated at all tiers of government. For this purpose, the
capacities of local government institutions should be enhanced.
Authority over Local Thana: The elected representatives of the Union Council should
be granted constitutional protection to maintain a system of check and balance on the
local thana‟s police.
Forest and Environment: The forest and environment departments should be devolved
to the districts as well. The districts should benefit from the generated revenue and
resource base.
31
Provision of Infrastructure: Infrastructure should be provided to all the union councils
by combining 2 to 3 Union Councils with population ranging from 100,000 to 150,000.
Police: The Police department should be independent and should not be under the local
governments to guarantee transparency and rule of law.
Public Fora: Town meeting (public forum) for social accountability and public query
should be set up to ensure the inclusive participation of general public at grassroots level.
5.3. FINANCIAL DEVOLUTION Provincial Finance Commission (PFC): A rule-based fiscal transfer mechanism ought
to be established for the division of Provincial Consolidated. Some of the criteria
proposed for allocation of funds between the province and the local governments are as
follows:
i. Poverty
ii. Infrastructure
iii. Revenue Collection
iv. Population
v. Conflict and disaster vulnerability
vi. Inverse Density Population
Natural resources may also be included in factors relating to distribution of Provincial
Consolidated Fund between the province and the local governments. Provincial Finance
Commission should be formulated on the basis of representational parity giving equal
representation to the district government.
Revenue Collection Mandate: The mandate of district governments to collect revenue
should be extended, thus, exterminating their excessive dependence on provincial funds.
In order to introduce a mechanism of accountability and transparency on the Tehsil and
District level, the elected members of Union Council should be taken into confidence and
made part of the consultation process.
District Expenditures: The district government should reserve the prerogative to alter its
expenditures as a vast proportion of district expenditures are “establishment charges”.
District Finance Commission (DFC): In order to decentralize the fiscal distribution of
revenue, district finance commission may be established at the district level. The
involvement of MPAs in district level development projects should be restricted while two
members from ruling and opposition should nominate for the District Finance
Commission. The establishment of District Finance Commission and implementation
would be responsibility of the elected members of provincial assembly and their
monitoring.
Resource Allocation between MPAs and LGs: Allocation of resources between LGs
and MPAs should be consensus based and should not dwell on any voting criteria to
reduce the friction and tussle that is likely to arise owing to the MPA oriented culture as
most of the development funds have, in the past, been diverted to the MPAs instead of
the LGs.
Primary Level Tax Collection: The district council should be made responsible to
collect primary taxes from the district. Another suggestion is that the Village Council
should be handed over the taxation authority while atleast 40% of the generated revenue
should be spent on the concerned Union Council while the rest may be transferred to the
higher tiers of government. Service charges on the design of Usher system may be
introduced. These charges should relate directly to the quality and standard of services
being provided. Taxes should be levied at the Union Council level on natural resources
such as forests, minerals, water and tourism.
32
Women Representation in PFC and DFC: Women should be given representation in
Provincial and District Finance Commissions.
Civil Society Representation in Provincial Finance Commission: Civil society should
have representation in monitoring and supervision. District monitoring and evaluation
council should be formed with the inclusion of civil society.
Allocation of Funds for Disasters and Other Emergencies: Funds should be reserved
for dealing with disasters and any emergencies along with mitigation plans. Funds should
also be reserved for orphans, widows and marginalized groups.
Financial Transparency: General public should have knowledge and awareness of
budgets. Websites and other electronic mechanisms should be used in this regard. An
accountability committee should be formed to make the process of formulation,
distribution and expenditure of funds transparent.
Urban/Rural Bias: The urban and rural administrative areas ought to be integrated (at
the Tehsil level) as a major source of revenue for the urban areas is octroi levied in urban
areas for all goods regardless of whether they
were eventually consumed in a rural area. This results in a disproportionate access of
resources for urban areas. This urban/rural bias has to exterminate to ensure uniform
development.
Zakat and Bait-ul-Mal: Zakat and Bait-ul-Mal fund should be distributed through
democratic process by allocating it to the local village council which should be
responsible to select the deserving individuals.
Development Schemes: Development schemes and annual grants should be passed by
the village councils and then transferred onto the District and Tehsil councils for further
process. The District Council should be responsible for preparing development plans in
coordination with the Tehsil and Village and Neighbourhood Councils. Annual
Development Programs (ADPs) should be shared with the members of village councils in
order to avoid duplication and prevent the wastage of development funds.
5.4. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS Equity Based Resource Allocation: Regardless of the debate on the electoral system
being party based or non-party based, its merits and demerits, procedures and
mechanisms must be put in place to ensure the equity based distribution of resources to
the grassroots level.
Local Capacities and the Role of Print and Electronic Media: The capacity of local
people to exercise self-governance ought to be enhanced to sensitize them about roles
and duties. Print and electronic media should take up this responsibility by telecasting
public service messages, programs and dedicated transmission explaining the local
government system and roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in simple yet
elucidated language.
Complaint Redressing: An effective complaint registering and redressing system with
clearly laid out procedures would go a long way in building trust between the community
and Local Governments, reduce financial burden of the key stakeholders in building
infrastructure and operating and maintain services and ensure sustainability of quality
services.
Adherence to the Constitution of Pakistan: The proposed bill should be in adherence
to the Constitution of Pakistan which stipulates the devolution of both fiscal and
administrative authorities as well as responsibilities to the elected members of the local
governments. Also, its compatibility with the existing civil service structure must be
ensured.
33
Civil Dispute Committees: Legislation must be carried out for civil dispute committees,
reconciliatory anjumans and jirgas to enable conflict resolution at the grassroots level.
6. CONCLUSION The overwhelming and vehement response of the participants to the consultations was a rational
indication of the progress made by the country and its people towards democracy. The people
were unanimously in favour of such education, awareness and training initiatives which would
build their capacities in the effective exercise and wielding of power through the devolved
responsibilities and authorities. The participants of the workshops demanded, vociferously, that
the elections should be organized on party basis at all levels and the people from different parties
should be capacitated and facilitated to learn to accept difference of opinion and pluralism with
an open heart and objectively. It was also recommended that checks and balances must be
strengthened and put in place between the elected representatives and bureaucracy to ensure
accountability and transparency.
The devolution of political, administrative, financial and electoral responsibilities and authorities
to the democratically elected local government would significantly enhance efficiency,
transparency, accountability, fairness and participation in resource allocation and public service
delivery. It is hoped that this will be instrumental in enabling the people from grassroots level to
participate in public management and local governance.
REFERENCES Ahmed, V., & Amjad, R. (1984). The Management of Pakistan’s Economy, 1947-82. Oxford
University Press.
Bhatti, A. (2013). Deconstructing Article 140 (A). Islamabad: United Nations Development
Program (UNDP).
Hamid, S. (2010). Impact of 18th Amendment on Federal-Provinces Relations. Pakistan Institute
of Legislative Development and Transparency (PILDAT).
Jalal, A. (1995). Democracy and Authoritarianism in Pakistan: A Comparative and Historical
Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Khan, Z. (2013). Post 18th Amendment of the Constitution of Pakistan: A Critical Appraisal".
Islamabad: Strengthening Participatory Organization (SPO).
Mathur, K. (1983). Administrative Decentralization in Asia. In G. S. Cheema, & D. A. Rodonelli
(Eds.), Decentralization and Development: Policy Implementations in Developing
Countries (pp. 59-76).
Rizvi, S. A. (1976). Changing Patterns of Local Government in Pakistan. Pakistan Historical
Society.
Smith, B. C. (1985). Decentralization: The Territorial Dimension of the State. London: George
Allan and Unwin.
Talbot, I. (2009). Pakistan: A Modern History. London: C Hurst & Company Publishers Limited.
Turner, M., & Hulme, D. (1997). Governance, Administration and Development: Making the State
Work. West Hartford: Kumarian Press.
34
Waseem, M. (2007). Politics and the State in Pakistan. Islamabad: National Institute of Historical
and Cultural Research, Centre of Excellence, Quaid-i-Azam University.
Waseem, M. (2010). Federalism in Pakistan. Lahore: Lahore University of Management
Sciences.
Wilder, A. (1999). The Pakistani Voter: Electoral Politics and Voting Behavior in Punjab. Oxford
University Press.
World Bank. (2000). Pakistan Reforming Provincial Financesin the Context of Devolution: An
Eight Point Agenda. Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Unit South Asia
Region.
35
ANNEXES
ANNEXURE 1: CONSULTATION SCHEDULE
Sr. # Consultation Venue Date
1 Dera Ismail Khan August 31, 2013-September 1, 2013
2 Abbottabad September 7, 2013
3 Swat September 14, 2013
4 Peshawar October 30, 2013
ANNEXURE 2: NEWS PAPER CLIPPINGS
36
37
38
ANNEXURE 3: CONSULTATIONS PARTICIPANT LIST
PESHAWAR
Afzal Yousafzai Director Ask Dev
Tamkeena Mansoor Manager SB/PEI
G.S. Tunio PARD Peshawar
Naznin Shad PARD Peshawar
M. Saeed Khan ADR Specialist UNDP
Amjad Bhatti UNDP
Ayaz Muhammad AHKRC
Shafiq Alam PMU/MSP
Kishwar Khan PMU/MSP
Naseem-ur-Rehman AHKRC
Said Rehman HRDO
Abdul Wahid Qadri Ex Nazim
Atta-ur-Rehman JUI
Shahid Ullah Babar QWP
Nobat Khan MQM
Sadia S Khan CEO AIRD
Inayat Asst. Professor
Ali Babar
Dr. Usman Ghani PM-HID SRSP
Dr. Muhammad Iqbal Khalid JI (Naib Amir)
Malik Akbar PPP
Omar Javed Sungi Foundation
Saifullah Ex Naib Nazim
Inayatullah Minister of Local Government
KP
Qazi Ayaz JUI
H. Shahzad PTI
Bushra Naaz Khwendo Kor
M. Israr DLTO-URDO
Ghulam Mustafa PA to Minister LG KP
Ashar Siddiqui IT Assistant MNCH KP
Dr. Naila Nazir Asst. Professor Peshawar
University
Dr. Naila Tabassum Asst. Professor
Peshawar University
Habibur Rahman -
M. Zia-ul-Haq -
Kifayat ur Rehman Credit Officer
Hamid-ud-Din Office Assistant
Swepeet Gill Cameraman
Malik Mamoon Ahmad -
Sanhiz Ali UNDP SPFD
Sajawal Cameraman
Shakeel Mahmood Dept. of Information
Mukhtar Dept. of Information
Ali Dept. of Information
Basha Rehman -
Waheedullah -
M. Khaliq PTI
Shumaila Tabassum Weder Ex. District
Councilor
Javed Amjad LMO MPL coroporation
Shaleem David Project Coordinator ABES
Asghar Khan AHKRC
Shah Nawaz Khan AHKRC
Suleman Khan AHKRC
Faheemullah AHKRC
Alhaj Mali Saleem Chamkani Chairman QWP
Peshawar
Ijaz Ahmad QWO
Shah Usman
Nasim Ahmad Khan S.V. chairman Khulsa 1
Maryam Bibi Program Officer
Rubina Naz Women Commission
Ismail Khan
Arbab Mir Afzal Khan General Secretary QWP
Peshawar
M. Iqbal Shah Haidri JUI
Asad Qaiser Deputy Speaker Provincial
Assembly KP
Ijaz Asst. Security
Tahir P.A. to Deputy Speaker PA
KP
39
DERA ISMAIL KHAN
Name Designation-Organization
DI Khan
Faheem Iqbal Executive Director Veer
Inamullah Gandapor Ex. Councilor
Dilshad Begum Ex. District Council
Member
Habibullah Khan Addt. DC
Dr. Shadiullah Professor Gomal University
M. Farooq PM HDO
Abdul Rauf P.E.
Qais Javed Faith & Trust DI Khan
Ghulam Sardar Sup. LGRDD
M. Ishfaq J.U.I. (F)
Adil Mughal Ary News
Waqas Ali Program Officer
Shaloom Victor St. Thomas Church
M. Saeed Aasi Daily Aitidal
M. Haroon Regional Officer TVO
Abr-e-sabr Programming Officer SPO
Neelofar Ex. Councilor
Farhat Siddique Ex. Councilor
Naheed Ex. Councilor
Zahid Muhibullah Jamat-e-Islami
Zafarullah VDP
Qazi Shoaib Jamat-e-Islami
M. Shabbir Nazim
Amir Sohail Sadozai Presient Sahara
S. Zafran Hussain S.V.P.
Sardar Latifullah Civil Servant (R)
Rehana Yasin Awaz SPO Member
Tasleem Daud Awaz SPO
Shaheen Sakina Awaz SPO
Afshan Awaz SPO
Saselia Awaz SPO
Javed Masih Awaz SPO
Saeedullah Marwat Geo News
Ramzan Seemab Express News
Hameed Pirzada Daily Mezan
M. Kamran Ex. Nazim
Irfan Mughal Ary News
Hanif Jan Ex. Tehsil Council Member
Arslan Awan Dunya News
Yasin Qureshi PTV
Atakkar Khan Ex. Councilor
M. Asghar Khan Advocate
M. Yasmin Jan PML (N)
Sheikh M. Arif PML (N)
40
SWAT
Rehmat Ali C.E.C.
Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Islam (JUI)
Latif Ahmad Chairperson STIP
Bilawal Jamshed President-Innovative
Youth Forum (IYF)
Waheed Imran President Aghaaz
Shoukat Sharar Political Activist and
Architect
Mutasarrif Khan Executive Director CDC
Tabassum Bibi Founder and
Chairperson-First Women Jirga
Erfaan Hussain Babak Executive Director-The
Awakening
Shahi Duran Former Tehsil Nazim
Nasir Qasmi Executive Director-KCDO
Muhammad Ali Khpal Kor
Ahmad Shah Chairman Global Peace Council
Faza Zahid Swat Qaumi Jirga
Syed Akbar Former Nazim
Mazhar N. Khan Sraiki Lok Party
Dr. Jawad Chairman Innovative Youth
Forum
Rasool Khan Former Nazim (UC Landikas)
M. Khaliq Advizor GIZ
Samiullah Swat Active Youth Society
Muhammad Zeeshan Optimistic Youth Network
Jawadullah Khan Optimistic Youth Network
Hamid Khan Social Worker
Anwar Hayat Former Nazim
Engr. Umer Farooq G.S. PML-N
Amjad Khan Social Worker
Mahmood Rafique G.S. SPC
Rashid Iqbal Chairman SPC
Khan Saeed Pak WIN
Fazal Mabood Associate Professor
Wafa Muhammad Associate Professor
Syed Mohi-ud-din Chairman AWS Swat
Taj Muhammad Former Councilor
Yasmin Begum Social Worker
Roquia Amin Staff Nurse
Raham Begum LHS
Shaukat Saleem HRCP
Hamid Khan DO, Social Welfare
Nilofar Social Worker
41
ABBOTABAD
Shakeel Anwar Media Coordinator-TSH Pakistan
M. Haroon Asst. Director LG&RDD
Qazi M. Bilal Ex. Secretary Union Council
Mazhar Leshari AHKRC
Azhar Ali Khan Ex. Councilor UC-Kakul
Hashim Zaidi UNDP
Gulzar Karlal Daily Shamal
S.A. Shakoor Political Secretary PTI Atd.
Abdul Haq PTI
Shaleem David Project Coordinator-ABES
Engr. Sultan Jadoon Tehreek-e-Suba Hazara
Jan Muhammad Qureshi PTI (Ex-Nazim)
M. Aslam Social Worker
M. Mushtaq Social Worker
Surkhan Khan PAKSBAB
Sardar Hukam Dad Ex. Nazim
Shah Sultan Kazmi Ex. Nazim Kakul
M. Gulfam Sungi
Sardar Arif Khan Sungi
Sultan Irfan TSH
Ahmed Abbasi Secretary Dist. Atd.
M. Sabir Ex. Councilor
M. Wazir Social Worker
S.M. Riaz Secretary UC Nagri Bala
M. Ashfaq Khan President SUCA Atd.
Sultan Khan Ex. Asst. DC
Zobia Bibi Social Worker
Fozia Abrar Social Worker
Abdul Malik Khan Social Worker
Altaf-ur-Rehman Ameer Mutahida Ulema
Council Atd.
M. Aslam Qureshi Ex. Councilor
Omar Javed Regional Coordinator Sungi
Tehmina Faheem PTI Vice President Atd.
Gulzar Abbasi President PPP Atd.
M. Rabnawaz Social Worker
Uzma Akram UN Habitat
Bushra Waheed Ex. Councilor
Alia Wajid Sungi
M. Saeed Ex. Nazim
M. Saqib Daily Aaj
Dr. Khurram Jadoon Veterinary Doctor SRSP
Malik Saeed Akhter Advocate
Mobashar Hussain President Shabab-e-Milli
Hazara
Gulfaraz Mughal Shabab-e-Milli Hazara
Mubarik Hussain Ex. Nazim
M. Suleman Ex. Nazim
Saeed Ahmed Khan Political Worker
Sardar Faisal Daily Aaj
Gul Khan Jadoon Chief Officer Aaj
42
ANNEXURE 4: PARTICIPANTS’ FEEDBACK IN WORKSHOPS Feedback of Participants in Consultation Workshop Held in Swat
Grades Workshop Evaluation Organization of Workshop
Coherence Clarity Relevance Supply of
Materials
Works
Hours
Contact and
Correspondence
Food Location
and
Atmosphere
Very Good 31% 23% 31% 46% 31% 58% 62% 65%
Good 62% 58% 46% 35% 31% 31% 31% 31%
Satisfactory 8% 19% 23% 19% 23% 4% 8% 4%
Poor 0% 0% 0% 0% 15% 8% 0% 0%
Feedback of Participants in Consultation Workshop Held in DI Khan
Grades Workshop Evaluation Organization of Workshop
Coherence Clarity Relevance Supply of
Materials
Works
Hours
Contact and
Correspondence
Food Location
and
Atmosphere
Very Good 76% 77% 93% 73% 70% 81% 62% 96%
Good 24% 23% 7% 12% 26% 15% 26% 4%
Satisfactory 0% 0% 0% 11% 4% 4% 8% 0%
Poor 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 0% 4% 0%
Feedback of Participants in Consultation Workshop Held in Abbottabad
Grades Workshop Evaluation Organization of Workshop
Coherence Clarity Relevance Supply of
Materials
Works
Hours
Contact and
Correspondence
Food Location
and
Atmosphere
Very Good 64% 57% 43% 54% 43% 50% 75% 82%
Good 29% 25% 36% 36% 39% 29% 18% 14%
Satisfactory 4% 11% 14% 4% 18% 14% 7% 4%
Poor 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 0%