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BCA103 - Computer Fundamentals
Some feel that computers areWhat is computer?
A computeris a machine that manipulates dataaccording to a list of instructions.
Too difficult to learn
Taking over their jobs
They might damage the computer
A computer can be defined as an electronic device that takesinput from its user stores, processes data and generates the
required output as per the processing instructions given to itby the user.
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Computer solves the problem by performing the following activities
Input: Input devices feed the computer the raw matterfacts or
data.
Processing: The storage of data, numerical comparisons,
arithmetic operation are performed on data to produce desired
results.Output: The processed data or information is sent to the output
device connected to computer.
What it does?
General Purpose computers require the following hardware
components:
Central Process Unit (CPU):The heart of computer, the componentthat actually executes instructions.
Memory: Enables a computer to store, at least temporarily, data and
programs
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MassStoragedevice:Allows a computer to permanently retain large
amounts of data. Common mass storage devices include disk drivesand tape drives.
Inputdevice: Usually a keyboard or mouse, which enters data and
instructions to a computer.
Output device: A display screen, printer or other such devices that
lets you see what the computer has accomplished.
CPU, core memory and
external bus interface
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Word Length:
General features of a computer
A digital computer operates on binary digits. [ 0 and 1]
A binary digit is called a bit. A group of 8 bits is called a byte.
In computing, "word" is a term for the natural unit of data
used by a particular computer design. A word is simply afixed-sized group of bits that are handled together by themachine. The number of bits in a word is called the wordsizeor wordlength.
Commonly used word lengths are 8, 16. 32, 64 bits
Operating systems like Windows or OS/2 provide thepossibility to run 16-bit (segmented) programs as well as32-bit programs.
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Speed:
General features of a computer
Computer can process millions of instructions per second.
The speed of computers is measured in terms ofmicroseconds(10-6), nanoseconds(10-9) andpicoseconds(10-12). Ex., Supercomputer.
Storage:Computer data storage, often called storageormemory, refers to computer components, devices, andrecording media that retain digital data used forcomputing for some interval of time.
Historically, memoryand storagewere respectively called
primary storageand secondary storage.Capability of storing and retrieving huge amounts of data ina fast and efficient manner is one of the importantcharacteristics of computers
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Accuracy:
General features of a computer
The computers never make a mistake. The degree ofaccuracy provided by a particular computer depends uponits design.
Errors can occur in a computer, but they are generally due
to human and not the technological weaknesses.
Versatility:
Computer follows the following technologyGIGO - Garbage in Garbage out
Versatility means that computers can do variety of jobsdepending upon the instructions fed to them and their
hardware characteristics.
Computer can perform activities ranging from simplecalculation to performing modeling and simulation tonavigating missiles and satellites.
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Automation:
General features of a computer
The level of automation achieved in a computer isphenomenal.
All the repetitive works can be performed by computerwithout any mistake and delay.
Automation plays anincreasingly important role inthe global economy and in dailyexperience.Engineers strive to combineautomated devices with
mathematical andorganizational tools to createcomplex systems for a rapidlyexpanding range of applicationsand human activities.
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History of computing:
Generation of Computers
The history of computers starts out about 2000 years ago, atthe birth of the abacus, a wooden rack holding two horizontalwires with beads strung on them. When these beads aremoved around, according toprogrammingrules memorizedby the user, all regular arithmetic problems can be done.
A more modern abacus. Note how the abacus is really just arepresentation of the human fingers: the 5 lower rings on each rodrepresent the 5 fingers and the 2 upper rings represent the 2hands.
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History of computing:
Generation of Computers
Charles Babbage a mathematics professor. In1812, Babbage realized that many longcalculations, especially those needed to makemathematical tables, were really a series ofpredictable actions that were constantly repeated.From this he suspected that it should be possible
to do these automatically.
The machine was supposed to operate automatically, by steampower, and require only one person there. Babbages computerswere never finished. Various reasons are used for his failure.
Most used is the lack of precision machining techniques at thetime. Another speculation is that Babbagewas working on asolution of a problem that few people in 1840 really needed tosolve. After Babbage, there was a temporary loss of interest inautomatic digital computers.
a general purpose, fully program-controlled, automatic mechanicaldigital computer. Babbagecalled this idea an Analytical Engine
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First-generation von Neumann machines :
Generation of Computers
American mathematician who mademajor contributions to a vast rangeof fields including set theory,functional analysis, quantummechanics, ergodic theory, ,
economics and game theory,computer science, numericalanalysis, hydrodynamics (ofexplosions), and statistics, as well asmany other mathematical fields.
The first universal programmable computer in the SovietUnion was created by a team of scientists under direction ofSergei Alekseyevich Lebedev from Kiev Institute ofElectrotechnology, Soviet Union (now Ukraine).
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First-generation: (1945 1956)
Generation of Computers
The Von Neumann Architecture has become the standardfor modern computer systems; most computers sincethen have some version of this architecture.
About the first generation computer hardware:
The vacuum tube computers were very big in size
These computers use to dissipate lot of heat
Rate of failure was more as vacuum tubes burn out veryfrequently
Electric power consumption was very large.
The inputs and outputs was in form of 1s and 0s.
In early 1940, a computer was with 18,000 tubes and 1500relays to move information through the machine calledElectronic numerical Integrator and Calculator. ENIAC.
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Second-generation: (1956 1963)
Generation of Computers
the vacuum tube has been replaced bysolid-state semiconductor devices such astransistors and solid-state diodes
The transistor was work in thecomputer by 1956 which isadvances in magnetic-core memoryand led to 2G computers that weresmaller, faster, more reliable andenergy efficient than theirpredecessors.
2G computers replaced machine language with assemblylanguage to abbreviated programming codes to replacelong, difficult binary codes.
A vacuum tube Hi-Fi
amplifier
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Advantage over vacuum tubes
Generation of Computers
Small size and minimum weight
No warm up period for cathodeheater after power supply.
Extremely long life. Some transistorized devicesproduced more than 30 years ago are still in service.
The most high level languages such as COBOL andFORTRAN came into common use during this time.
Rate of failure was lesser than vacuum tubes computers
Electric power consumption was lesser than 1G
its maximum temperature is limitedit has relatively high leakage currentit cannot withstand high voltagesit is less suitable for fabricating integrated circuits
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Third Generation Computers (19641971)
Generation of Computers
Though transistors were clearly animprovement over the vacuum tube,they still generate heat.
There are two main advantages ofICs over discrete circuits: cost and
performance
an integrated circuit is also known as IC, microcircuit,microchip, silicon chip, or chip
In later stage, more components are fit into a single chipcalled semiconductor.
Failure of IC was rare.
Power consumption was far lesser.
Different languages were developed.
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Fourth Generation Computers (1971 - Presents)
Generation of Computers
After IC, Large scale integration (LSI) could fithundreds of components onto one chip.
VLSI (Very large scale integration) squeezed hundredsof thousands of components onto a chip.
IBM introduced its personal computer (PC).
Computers continued their trend toward asmaller size, working their way down fromdesktop to laptop computers to palmtop
Macintosh offered an OS that allowedusers to move screen icons instead of
typing instructions.Users controlled the screen cursor using a mouse.
The technologies like LAN, networks, internet, web weredeveloped.
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Fourth Generation Computers (1971 - Present)
Generation of Computers
Sophisticated languages like query languages aredeveloped.
GUI concepts are introduced.
Fifth generation computers are based on ArtificialIntelligent
Voice recognition, nanotechnology are upcoming trends.
The goal of fifth-generation computing is to developdevices that respond to natural language input and are
capable of learning and self-organization
Natural (human) language are Kannada, Hindi, etc.,
Fifth Generation Computers (Present and beyond)
Computer language are C, C++, etc.,
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Digital Computer:In contrast, a digital clock is capable of representingonly a finite number of times (every tenth of a second,for example).
Example: Digital watch shows every second notcontinuous.
Computers, which handle data in digital form, requiremodems to turn signals from digital to analog beforetransmitting those signals over communication lines suchas telephone lines that carry only analog signals. Thesignals are turned back into digital form (demodulated) atthe receiving end so that the computer can process thedata in its digital format.
Modem is used for modulate and demodulate.
Digital computerscan be built to take the solution ofequations to almost unlimited precision, but quite slowlycompared to analog computers
Types of computers by function
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PersonalComputer: A small, single user computer basedon a microprocessor.
Types of Computer by size and capacity
Run comparatively easy to use applications softwaresuch as the word processors, excel, etc.,
Less sophisticated video display screens.
Example: ACER, Compaq, etc
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Types of Computer by size and capacity
Workstation: A powerful, single user computer. Aworkstation is like a personal computer, but it has a morepowerful microprocessor and a higher quality monitor.
To run complex programs and display both work inprogress and results graphically.
Examples: Sun, Apollo, HP and IBM.
However, the distinction between PC and workstations isnow blurring.
Provides higher resolution compared to PC
Processors are faster than PC
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Types of Computer by size and capacity
Minicomputer: A multi-user computer capable ofsupporting 10 to hundreds of users simultaneously.
Example: VAX made by Digital Equipment Corporations.
Mini computers work well in what are known asDistributed Data Processing.
Initially minicomputers are used to control machines in amanufacturing unit
Also the increasing power of microcomputer workstationshave it harder to distinguish between mini andworkstations.
Example: Client /Server model.
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Types of Computer by size and capacity
Mainframe: A powerful multi user computer capable ofsupporting many hundreds of users simultaneously.
Mainframe computers can process several million programinstructions per second.
Mainframe computers are mainly used by airline, railwayreservation systems, etc.,
It has maximum primary memory RAM 518MB secondarymemory stores 4.5 million MB data.
Example: IBM S/390, PDP370.
These machines often run for years without interruption,with repairs and hardware upgrades taking place duringnormal operation
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Types of Computer by size and capacity
Both types of system offers parallel processing
The distinction between supercomputers and mainframesis not a hard and fast one, but supercomputers generallyfocus on problems which are limited by calculation speed
while mainframes focus on problems which are limited byinput/output and reliability ("throughput computing") andon solving multiple business problems concurrently(mixed workload).
Supercomputer: An extremely fast computer that canperform hundreds of millions of instructions per second.
Supercomputers typically expose it to the programmer in
complex manners, while mainframes typically use it torun multiple tasks. One result of this difference is thatadding processors to a mainframe often speeds up theentire workload transparently.
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Types of Computer by size and capacity
Supercomputers are optimized for complicatedcomputations that take place largely in memory, whilemainframes are optimized for comparatively simplecomputations involving huge amounts of external data.
For example, weather forecasting is suited to
supercomputers, and insurance business or payrollprocessing applications are more suited to mainframes.
Supercomputers are often purpose-built for one or a veryfew specific institutional tasks (e.g. simulation andmodeling). Mainframes typically handle a wider variety oftasks (e.g. data processing, warehousing).
Consequently, most supercomputers can be one-offdesigns, whereas mainframes typically form part of amanufacturer's standard model lineup.
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Types of Computer by size and capacity
Mainframes tend to have numerous ancillary serviceprocessors assisting their main central processors (forcryptographic support, I/O handling, monitoring, memoryhandling, etc.) so that the actual "processor count" ismuch higher than would otherwise be obvious.
There has been some blurring of the term "mainframe,"
with some PC and server vendors referring to theirsystems as "mainframes" or "mainframe-like." This is notwidely accepted and the market generally recognizes thatmainframes are genuinely and demonstrably different.
Supercomputer design tends not to include as manyservice processors since they don't appreciably add to rawnumber-crunching power.
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Types of Computer by Speed
The speed of computer measured by MHz. (mega-Hertz)Which means million cycles per second.
8086 and 8088
So, a computer that has a 500MHzclock is doing something 500million times per second.
But what that something, it maybe an instruction.
This can run the same programs but one could not fitinto the others socket.
Depending on the manufacturer, the 8086 and 8088processors would run at a speed ranging from 4MHz to16MHz.
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Types of Computer by Speed
Pentium
The Pentium was a big step in the evolution of theprocessor.
The major difference was that it contained more thanone execution unit.
An execution unit receive the instructions and activatesthem. Having more than one execution unit meant theprocessor could do more than one thing at a time.
Pentium II
The Pentium II, Intel totally abandoned sockets andturned to the concept of slots. Slot I is introduced fortechnical reasons.
The Pentium II running at the speed of 400 MHz with thefullspeed 2ndlevel cache.
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Types of Computer by Speed
Celeron
The celeron was in fact a Pentium II whose 2ndlevelcache has been removed making it supposedly twice asslow as Pentium MMX.
Xeon
The xeon is a Pentium II whose 2ndlevel cache runs atfull processor speed( a regular PII 2ndlevel cache runs athalf the processor speed).
Xeon is not slot compatible with the PII but uses a newtype of slot name Slot-2.
Motorola, SPARC, MIPS processors were developed bySun Microsystems.
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Types of Computer by Speed
Intelprocessors
Discontinued
40044040800880808085iAPX 432i860i960808680888018680188802868038680486PentiumPentium ProPentium IIPentium IIIItaniumPentium Extreme EditionPentium MPentium DCore
Current Pentium 4Pentium Dual-CoreCore 2CeleronA100XeonXScaleItanium 2 Atom
Lists Intel CPU slots andsocketsIntelchipsetsIntel processorsIntel codenamesAtomCeleronCoreCore 2ItaniumPentium IIPentium IIIPentium 4Pentium DPentiumDual-CorePentium MXeon
Lists ofspeculated
CeleronCore 2NehalemPentium Dual-CoreSandyBridgeTukwilaXeon
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8086http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8088http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80186http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80186http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80188http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80188http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80188http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80286http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80286http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80286http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80286http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80486http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80486http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80486http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80486http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Prohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Prohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Prohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Prohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Prohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Prohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_IIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_IIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_IIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_IIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_IIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_IIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaniumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaniumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaniumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XScalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XScalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XScalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XScalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaniumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_codenameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Atom_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Celeron_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Celeron_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Celeron_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Celeron_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_2_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_2_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_2_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Itanium_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_II_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_III_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_III_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_III_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_III_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_4_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_4_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_4_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_D_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_D_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_D_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_D_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_Dual-Core_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_Dual-Core_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_Dual-Core_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_Dual-Core_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_M_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_M_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridge_%28microarchitecture%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukwila_%28processor%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukwila_%28processor%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukwila_%28processor%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukwila_%28processor%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridge_%28microarchitecture%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridge_%28microarchitecture%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_future_Intel_Pentium_Dual-Core_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_future_Intel_Pentium_Dual-Core_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_future_Intel_Pentium_Dual-Core_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_%28microarchitecture%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_future_Intel_Core_2_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_future_Intel_Celeron_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_M_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_Dual-Core_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_Dual-Core_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_Dual-Core_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_Dual-Core_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_D_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_4_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_III_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_II_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Itanium_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_2_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Celeron_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Atom_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_codenameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_sockethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaniumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XScalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_A100http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Core_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Pentium_Dual-Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Pentium_Dual-Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Pentium_Dual-Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaniumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_IIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Prohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80486http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80286http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80188http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80186http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8088http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8086http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_i960http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_i860http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_iAPX_432http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8080http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_4040http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_4004http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corporation 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Department of BCA Session: July 2008Nov 2008 32/40
BCA103 - Computer Fundamentals
Computer Applications Office Automation
Office automationrefers to the varied computermachinery and softwareused to digitally create, collect,store, manipulate, and relay office information needed foraccomplishing basic tasks and goals
The backbone of office automation is a LAN, which allows
users to transmit data, mail and even voice across thenetwork
Office cannot be automated in the same way the factorywas automated. Office tasks involve a great deal of thinkingand decision-making.
ERGONOMICSAny knowledge worker regardless of background can easilyuseable. This is called ergonomics, the study of how tocreate safety, comfort and ease to use.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer -
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Department of BCA Session: July 2008Nov 2008 33/40
BCA103 - Computer Fundamentals
Computer Applications Office Automation
Text Management systemsAll documentation work come under text management.Example: letters, memos, circular, preprinted forms,reports, envelopes, labels etc.,
Business analysis Systems
A decision support system helps the knowledge worker toextract information from the various MIS database andreporting systems, analyze it, and then formulate a decisionfor business planningAn executive support system is an information system thatconsolidates and summarizes ongoing transitions within theorganization.
Network and Communication systemsThe communication media are phone, computer, fax, email,teleconferencing and voices message systems.
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8/13/2019 Comp Fundamentals Unit 1
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Department of BCA Session: July 2008Nov 2008 34/40
BCA103 - Computer Fundamentals
Computer Applications Industry and Engineering
A programmable logic controller(PLC) or programmablecontrolleris a digital computer used for automation of industrialprocesses, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines.Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multipleinputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges,immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)EDI is the computer-to-computer exchange of business documents ina standard format. The format look much like standard forms thoughhighly structured.
Project ManagementWhen projects from marketing campaigns to construction projectsare undertaken, keeping track of all the tasks is a big job and that is
what project management.
Project ManagementOne concept they use is the critical path: the series of tasks thatmust follow one another in order and cannot overlapped.
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8/13/2019 Comp Fundamentals Unit 1
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Department of BCA Session: July 2008Nov 2008 35/40
BCA103 - Computer Fundamentals
Computer Applications Healthcare and Education
Health informaticsor medical informaticsis theintersection of information science, computer science, andhealth care.
Computers are used for multi-purpose tasks such asdiagnosing the disease, capture and transmit photographsof internal problems such as blood clots and tumors that
previously can be seen only during exploratory surgery,monitoring patients at their bedside.
In addition, computers are so tiny that they can beswallowed are proving to be valuable diagnostic tool.
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8/13/2019 Comp Fundamentals Unit 1
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Department of BCA Session: July 2008Nov 2008 36/40
BCA103 - Computer Fundamentals
Computer Applications Graphics and Multimedia
Not too long ago, the term multimedia referred to room having slideprojectors, overhead projectors, tape decks and movie projectors.Multimedia presentations were hard to put together and even harderto run.
Today, multimedia is widely used in the entertainment and educationfields.
Multimedia has entered the mainstream because of its capabilities toattract people and to hold their attention and more effective than anordinary presentation.
Multimedia can be used forEntertainment,Corporate presentationsEducation training
SimulationDigital publications,..
Multimedia ToolsPaint and drawBitmap imagesVector graphics (also 3D)Animation
MorphingAnti-aliasing (smoothes the edges)
Morphing-blends two images to create a third. Starting withphotographs of a young girl and an elderly woman.
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Department of BCA Session: July 2008Nov 2008 37/40
BCA103 - Computer Fundamentals
Computer Applications
Enterprise SoftwareExecutive dashboard.
Enterprise infrastructuresoftware
Business workflow software
Database management system(DBMS) software
Digital asset management(DAM) software
Document Managementsoftware
Geographic Information System(GIS) software
Information workersoftware
Time and ResourceManagement
Accounting software
Task and Scheduling
Field service
management software
Data Management
Contact Management
Spreadsheet
Personal Database
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Department of BCA Session: July 2008Nov 2008 38/40
BCA103 - Computer Fundamentals
Computer Applications
Information worker softwareDocumentation
Word Processing
Desktop publishingsoftware
Diagramming Software
Presentation software
Analytical software
Computer algebra systems
Numerical computing
List of numericalsoftware
Physics software
Science software
List of statistical software
Neural network software
Collaborative softwareE-mail
Blog
Wiki or ApplicationWiki
Financial Software
Day trading software
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8/13/2019 Comp Fundamentals Unit 1
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Department of BCA Session: July 2008Nov 2008 39/40
BCA103 - Computer Fundamentals
Computer Applications
Educational softwareClassroom Management
Edutainment Software
Learning/Training ManagementSoftware
Reference software
Sales Readiness Software
Survey Management
Industrial AutomationSoftware
Programmable logic controllersoftwar
Simulation software
Computer simulators
Scientific simulators
Social simulators
Battlefield simulators
Emergency simulators
Vehicle simulatorsFlight simulators
Driving simulators
Simulation games
Vehicle simulation
games
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8/13/2019 Comp Fundamentals Unit 1
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Department of BCA Session: July 2008Nov 2008 40/40
BCA103 - Computer Fundamentals
Computer Applications
Media development softwareImage organizer
Media content creating/editing
3D computer graphics software
Animation software
Graphic art software
Image editing softwareRaster graphics editor
Vector graphics editor
Video editing software
Sound editing software
Digital audio editor
Product engineeringsoftware
Hardware Engineering
Computer-aidedengineering
Computer-aideddesign (CAD)
NEi Nastran FiniteElement Analysis
Software Engineering
Computer LanguageEditor
Compiler Software
IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments
Game creationsoftware