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Comparative Circulatory SystemsBiology 11
G.Burgess2006
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Circulatory Systems
• Nutrients, fluids and metabolic wastes are cycled through an organism’s circulatory system
• Microscopic animal like protists and the least evolved animal species use cyclosis and diffusion to cycle their materials through cells and between cells.
• Plants use xylem and phloem to circulate materials between the roots, stems and leaves.
• Animals (more complex than the cnidarians/jelly fish) use either an open or closed circulatory system
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Open circulatory system
• Common among shellfish and arthropods (arachnids and insects)
• Heart collects blood from a hemocoel (blood space)
• Heart pumps blood through open ducts or tubes to be circulated to the body tissues and bathe them with fluids.
• Cycled blood collects in hemocoel to be collected by the heart
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Closed Circulatory System
• Common among annelids, fish, mammals and many other animals
• All blood vessels form a continuous closed circuit
• Blood is collected by atria and pumped to body by ventricles
• At no time does the blood actually come in contact with other body tissues.
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Earthworm Circulation
• Closed circulatory system– Blood from the dorsal blood
vessel travels to the anterior region and is pumped by 5 aortic arches to the ventral blood vessel
– Blood from the ventral blood vessel travels posteriorly
– Small tubes connect the ventral blood vessel to the dorsal blood vessel in the posterior region.
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Earthworm Circulatory system
Dorsal Blood
Flow
Ventral Blood
Flow
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Grasshopper Circulation
• Grasshoppers have open circulatory system
• Their blood bathes their internal tissues
• Grasshopper do not have hemoglobin, their blood is green and is called hemocyanin
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Grasshopper Circulatory System
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Other animals
Fish Frog
Human
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Mammalian Circulation• All mammals have a 4
chambered heart• 2 Atria and 2 ventricles
• The atria collect blood from the circulatory system and pump it to the ventricles
• The ventricles pump the blood to parts of the body
• 2 paths of circulation:– Systemic circulation: pumps
blood to and from body tissues– Pulmonary circulation pumps
blood to and from the lungs
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Bibliography
• All images from Biodidac, 2006. http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/