Download - Comparisons
Chapter 9: Comparisons
9-1 MAKING COMPARISONS WITH AS… AS
(a) The boots and shoes are size 11. The boots are as large as the shoes.
9-1 MAKING COMPARISONS WITH AS… AS
(b) The chef cuts the onion as finely as he can.
Making Comparisons with as…as
used to say that two parts of a comparison are equal or the same in some way
Form:as + adjective + asas + adverb + as
Examples: Tina is as old as Sam. (They are the same age.)Mike came as quickly as he could. (He went the speed
equal to his capability.)
Note: Use the base form of the adjective or adverb. Don’t
change it.
Make a sentence about each situation. Use as…as.
John can run a mile in 5 minutes. Lisa can run a mile in 5 minutes.
Ben is 5 years old. Tina is 5 years old.
Jerry’s house is 1200 square feet. Nancy’s house is 1200 square feet.
John can run as fast as Lisa. / Lisa can run as fast as John.
Ben is as old as Tina. / Tina is as old as Ben.
Jerry’s house is as big as Nancy’s. / Nancy’s house is as big as Jerry’s.
9-1 MAKING COMPARISONS WITH AS… AS
(c) Annapurna is not as high as Everest.(d) Annapurna isn’t quite as high as Everest.
Annapurna – 8,091 m.Everest - 8,848 m.
9-1 MAKING COMPARISONS WITH AS… AS
(e) Fuji isn’t nearly as high as Everest.
Everest - 8,848 m. Fuji – 3,776 m.
Making Comparisons with not as…as
used to show that two things are not equal (one is less and one is more)
used with quite and nearlynot quite as…as (small difference)not nearly as…as (big difference)
Examples:Ted is not as old as Tina. (Ted is younger than Tina.)Ted isn’t quite as old as Tina. (Ted is a bit younger than
Tina.)Amy isn’t nearly as old as Tina. (Amy is much younger.)
Make sentences about these people. Use not as…as (and quite or nearly)
Tina17
Pedro12
Mark18
Possible Answers:• Tina isn’t quite as old as Mark.• Pedro isn’t nearly as old as Tina.• Pedro isn’t nearly as old as Mark.
Making Comparisons with as…as and just, nearly, almost
used to modify the comparisonjust = exactly
Sam is just as old as Tina. (They are exactly the same age.)
nearly/almost = very close, but still lessTed is nearly as old as Tina. Ted is almost as old as Tina.(Ted is slightly younger than Tina.)
9-1 LET’S PRACTICE
Cheetah 95 kph
Antelope 95 kph
An antelope can run ___ fast ___ a cheetah.as as
9-1 LET’S PRACTICE
A leopard can run ______ ___ fast ___ a cheetah.
as asnearly
Leopard 90 kph
Cheetah 95 kph
9-1 LET’S PRACTICE
A leopard can’t run _______ ___ fast ___ a cheetah.
asasquite
Leopard 90 kph
Cheetah 95 kph
Exercise 2, page 249
Complete the sentences with one of the following:just as…asalmost as…asnot quite as…asnot nearly as…asas…as
Let’s Check…
2. not nearly as
3. just as
4. almost as / not quite as
5. not nearly as
6. just as
7. almost as / not quite as
Complete the sentences with your own words. (Tell your partner.)
…just as important as……just as good as……almost as good as……just as nutritious as……not as easy as it looks.
Share with the class when you
are finished.
Exercise 3, page 249 - 250
Use the given words, complete the sentences with as…as
Use a negative if appropriate.
Let’s Check
3. A lake isn’t (nearly) as big as an ocean.
4. Honey is just as sweet as sugar.
5. Money isn’t (nearly) as important as good health.
6. Children usually aren’t as…adults.
7. A solar system isn’t (nearly) as…a galaxy.
8. People aren’t (nearly) as…monkeys.
9. reading a novel is just as / isn’t nearly as…listening to music
Close your books. Put your pens down.
Take turns with your partner completing the sentences.
Examples:I need you right away! Please come ____________
We can’t go any farther. This is _______________.
as fast as you can
as far as we can go
I can’t work any faster. I’m working ___________________.as fast as I can
An orange is sweeter than a lemon. In other words, an orange is not _____________________.not as sour as a
lemon
A stream is usually much narrower than a river. In other words, a stream isn’t ________________________.
as wide as a river
I had expected the test to be difficult, and it was. In other words, the test was just_____________________.
as difficult as I expected
It’s important to use your English every day. You should practice speaking English
________________.as often as you can
You’re only old if you feel old. You are _______________young ____________.as as you feel
You might think it’s easy to do, but it’s not quite ____________________.as easy as you think
It takes an hour to drive to the airport. It takes an hour to fly to Chicago. In other words, it takes _________________________.just as long to fly as to
drive
What do you think?
Which food is…?more deliciousbetterworsehealthiercheaper
Which food is…?the most deliciousthe most expensivethe cheapestthe bestthe worstthe healthiestthe least healthy
What do you think?
Compare these apples…
1
2
Compare these people…
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PREVIEW
0
10
20
30
40
1 2 3 4
short/tall bars
BAR 1 is taller than BAR 3.
BAR 3 is taller than BAR 2.
_____ is the shortest one of all.BAR 2
BAR 1 is shorter than _____.BAR 4
Number your paper from 1 to 30
The teacher will say an adjective.
Write the comparative and superlative for each adjective.
For example: “strong”stronger the strongest
Open your books to page 247
Exercise 1Use the given words to make
comparisons1. short/long lines2. happy/sad look on his face3. large/small country4. easy/difficult questions5. good/bad handwriting
Discuss these and
make sentences with your
partner/small group. No
writing please!
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9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
A feather is lighter than a brick.
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9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
(b) Bricks are lighter than horses. (c) Horses are more beautiful than trucks.
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9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
(a) A feather is lighter than a brick.
(b) Feathers are lighter than horses.
(c) A horse is more beautiful than a truck.
comparative + than
Comparative Adjectives:comparing only 2 things
1 syllable add –erbig bigger
2 syllables, ends with y add –ierfriendly friendlier
2 syllables more + adj.famous more famous
3 syllables or more more + adj.exciting more exciting
irregular see chart in book (better, worse)
What’s the comparative?
oldbigprettyhealthynutritiousbeautifulgenerousbadgood
olderbiggerprettierhealthiermore nutritiousmore beautifulmore generousworsebetter
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9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
(d) The purple box is the longest of all the boxes.
superlative one of a group (3 or more)
(e) The brown box is the biggest box in the group.
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9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
Everest - 8,848 m.
(f) Everest is the most massive mountain in the world.
-est or most
the + superlative
superlative
Superlative Adjectives:comparing 3 or more things
1 syllable the –estbig the biggest
2 syllables, ends in y the –iestfriendly the friendliest
2 syllables the most + adj.famous the most famous
3 syllables or more the most + adj.exciting the most exciting
irregular see chart in book (the worst, the best)
What’s the superlative?
oldbigprettyhealthynutritiousbeautifulgenerousbadgood
the oldestthe biggestthe prettiestthe healthiestthe most nutritiousthe most beautifulthe most generousthe worstthe best
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9-2 LET’S PRACTICE
Jazz is the more beautiful music in New Orleans.
CORRECT YESNO
?
most
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9-2 LET’S PRACTICE
The most famous jazz in the world is from New Orleans.
CORRECT YESNO
?
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9-2 LET’S PRACTICE
I like jazz more better than rap or salsa.
CORRECT YESNO
?
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9-3 LET’S PRACTICE
Greta
Oscar
Greta is messy, but
Oscar is even _______.messier
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9-3 LET’S PRACTICE
The market is four miles from
Rosa’s house and five miles
from my house. I live _______________
from the market than Rosa does.
farther (or further)
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9-3 LET’S PRACTICE
I have many pleasant
memories from childhood.
The _____ _________
memory is going to the
zoo with my grandfather.
most pleasant
Close your books.Pens down.
Look at each sentence with your partner.
Figure out what’s wrong. Where’s the mistake?
Alaska is larger than Texas.
Alaska is large than Texas.
Alaska is the largest state in the United States.
Alaska is largest state in the United States.
Texas is larger than France in land area.
Texas is the larger than France in land area.
Old shoes are usually more comfortable than new shoes.
Old shoes are usually more comfortable to new shoes.
I like Chinese food better than French food.
I like Chinese food more better than French food.
A pillow is softer than a rock.
A pillow is more soft from a rock.
I am younger than my brother. My sister is the youngest person in our family.
My brother is 22. I am 20. My sister is 18. I am the youngest than my brother. My sister is the younger person in our family.
Use comparatives/superlatives
Look around the classroom to make comparative and superlative sentences with these adjectives:big/smalllight/heavycheap/expensive
Exercise 9, page 254
Review comparative and superlative forms
Let’s Check…
1. higher, the highest
2. better, the best
3. lazier, the laziest
4. hotter, the hottest
5. neater, the neatest
6. later, the latest
7. happier, the happiest
8. more dangerous, the most dangerous
9. more slowly, the most slowly
10. more common, the most common
11. friendlier, the friendliest
12. more careful, the most careful
13. worse, the worst
14. farther/further, the farthest/the furthest
Exercise 10, page 254
Complete each sentence with the correct comparative form (-er / more).
Farther or Further?
farther and further physical distance comparisonI walked farther/further than my friend.
further additionalI need further information.I need farther information. (XXX wrong XXX)
Exercise 11, page 255
farther or further
Some can use both.Some can only use further.
Let’s check…
3. farther/further
4. further
5. farther/further
6. further
Ask/Answer questions…
A: Is a mouse big?B: Not really, but at least it’s bigger than a flea.
A: Is this room large?B: Not really, but at least…
A: Is your desk comfortable?B: Not really, but at least…
A: Is an elephant intelligent?B: Not really, but at least…
A: Was the last exercise easy?B: Not really, but at least…
A: Is the floor clean?B: Not really, but at least…
A: Is a pen expensive?B: Not really, but at least…
A: Is this book heavy?B: Not really, but at least…
A: Is blue a bright color?B: Not really, but at least…
Ask your partner…
How much taller/shorter are you than the teacher?a little tallera lot taller
a little bit shortermuch shorter
Modifying Comparatives
verymucha lotfara littlea little bit
Tom is very old.
(modifies old)
Ann drives very carefully.
(modifies carefully)
Note: Very is NOT used to modify comparative
adjectives.
Ex: Tom is very older than I am.
much / a lot / far: modify comparatives
Tom is much older than I am.
Tom is a lot older than I am.
Ann drives far more carefully than I do.
a little / a little bit: modify comparatives
Ben is a little older than I am.
Ben is a little bit older than I am.
Modify these sentences…
It’s hot today.
It’s hotter today than yesterday.
It’s very hot today.
It’s much hotter today than yesterday.
An airplane is very fast.
An airplane is fast.
Taking an airplane is much faster than driving.
Taking an airplane is faster than driving.
Learning a second language is very difficult for many people.
Learning a second language is difficult for many people.
Learning a second language is a lot more difficult than learning chemistry formulas.
Learning a second language is more difficult than learning chemistry formulas.
Ask your partner…
What is one of the largest cities you know?
Who is the most generous person you have ever known?
What was the least difficult class in school?
What is one of the nicest restaurants in Houston?
Using Superlatives
superlative + noun + in a place the largest city in the world
superlative + noun + present perfect the most generous person I have ever known
superlative + noun + of all the best book of all
the least + adjective (opposite of the most) the least difficult
one of + superlative + plural noun + singular verb One of the best students in this class is Ali.
Tokyo is the largest city in the world.My grandfather was the most generous
person I have ever known.I read four books this summer. Harry Potter
was the best book of all.I had three tests last week. The math test
was the least difficult.Seoul, Korea is one of the largest cities in
the world.
Chart on p. 256
Remember: Superlatives are only used to compare 3
or more things. (not 2)
Close your books.
Try to complete each sentence with your partner.
Jack is lazy. He is _____________________
student _______ the class.
the laziest
in
Mike and Julie were nervous, but Amanda was
________________________ all.the most nervous of
Costa Rica is beautiful. It is one of
________________________ countries ________
the world.
the most beautiful in
Scott got a bad score on the test. It was one of
_____________________ scores ___________
the whole school.
the worst in
Exercise 24, page 265
Complete:3 – 10
We’ll check as a class.
Let’s Check…
3. the most beautiful…in
4. the worst…in
5. the farthest/furthest …in
6. the best…of
7. the biggest…in
8. the oldest…in
9. the most comfortable…in
10. the most exhausted runner of
Ask your partner…
Ask each question.Then switch.
Answer with a superlative.
Example:Q: There are many beautiful countries in the world. What
is one of them?A: One of the most beautiful countries in the world is
Italy.
Questions…
There are many famous people in the world. Who is one of the most famous?
What is one of the best movies you’ve seen recently?
What is one of the most exciting things you’ve ever done?
There are a lot of interesting animals in the world. What is one of them?
Who is one of the most important people in the history of your country?