Download - Compilation of urban emission inventories as analysed within the Air Implementation Pilot
Fairmode meeting 11.04.2013
ETC/ACM task manager: Ulrike Döring, Öko- InstitutETC/ACM deputy manager: Christian Nagl, Umweltbundesamt Vienna
Compilation of urban emission inventories as analysed within the Air Implementation Pilot
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BackgroundProblem: Air quality in cities still remains a problem in Europe.
=> NOx & particle emissions
=> greenhouse gas emissions
Main sources here: transport, construction machinery, residential sector.
For improving the situation a review of the existing EU strategy on air pollution and climate change mitigation policy started in 2012 - integrated in an Air Implementation Pilot project.
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BackgroundAir Implementation Pilot
=> Joint EEA – DG ENV project
=> Focused on cities in the EU.
Set-up for modelling activities under FAIRMODE task in ETC/ACM’s Implementation Plans of 2012 and 2013!
AIP OBJECTIVES Share experiences among pilot cities; Develop proposals for improved implementation; Share experiences with other cities; Not intended to solve AQ problems, but improve information base for
future action.
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Objectives for the two city pilot projects
1a) Analysis of existing initiatives and projects & local initiatives in the CC/AP mitigation field
& 1b) questionnaires of city inventories
2. Overview & understanding of the results of the studies
3. Where are the gaps and what can we learn?
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Structured in four main groups
• project group• contact• finances• duration of project
General issues
• pollutants• methodology (EF, AD)• data handling & availability• updates
Emission inventories at local level
• availability of information• good practices
Information on policies & measures
• project conclusions• findings• sharing of network
Other
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Why emission inventories (EI)?
• Identification of the local sources of pollution;
• Knowledge on the contribution each source;
• Identification & implementation of measures to improve local air quality;
• Monitoring the calculated change in emissions with time.
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Emission trends & reports
Source: EEA, EU National Inventory Report, 2012
Source: EEA, European Union emission inventory report 1990–2010 under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) , 2012
Comparability of different approaches
Availability of data
Guidance, QA/QC
Use of co-benefits (pollutants)
Use of EI
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Main questions:
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Choise of city projects (in total 11 projects): • Covenant of Mayors (CoM) • Common Information to European Air, CiteAir• EU CO2 80/50 Project
Selection of cities: Antwerp, Berlin, Madrid, Malmö, Paris, Plovdiv, Vienna, Vilnius, Milan, Ploieşti, Prague.
Dublin started preparing an EI.
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Main results - use of EI
City Identification of sources Modelling Identifying
measuresCovenant of Mayors (CoM)
CiteAir
EU CO2 80/50 Project
Antwerp, Berlin, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Ploieşti, Prague, Vienna, Vilnius
Malmö Plovdiv
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Main results - pollutantsO
blig
atio
n
Cove
nant
of
May
ors
(CoM
)
Cite
Air
II
EU C
O2
80/5
0 Pr
ojec
t
Antw
erp
Berl
in
Mad
rid,
Par
is
Mal
mö
Mila
n
Ploi
eşti
Plov
div
Prag
ue
Vien
na
Viln
ius
NEC, AQD (NO2)
NEC, AQD
NEC, AQD
NEC
AQD
AQD, GP
AQD
AQD
DD4
DD4
UNFCCC CO2
NEC: National Emission Ceiling Directive 2001/81/EC, AQD: Air Quality Directive 2008/50/ECDD4: 4th Daughter Directive 2004/107/EC, GP: revised Gothenburg Protocol under the CLRTAPUNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
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Main results – co-benefits CC/AQ
City/ Projects AQ in climate change Climate change in AQCovenant of Mayors (CoM) Not applicable Not applicableCiteAir II Not applicable PartlyEU CO2 80/50 Project Not applicable Not applicable
Antwerp partly partlyBerlin, Paris, Ploieşti, Vienna
Madrid PartlyMalmö No information provided PartlyMilan No information provided
Plovdiv, Prague, Vilnius Not applicable Not applicable
Impact of AQ/CC measures in CC/AQ
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Main results - internal guidanceCity Internal Guidance
Covenant of Mayors (CoM) SEAP guidelines
CiteAir II Guidebook on integrated emission inventories (also: IMACE database and IMACE guidebook)
EU CO2 80/50 Project Metropolitan Mitigation Measures Sourcebook
Antwerpen, Berlin, Madrid, Paris, Plovdiv, Vienna & Vilnius
No
Malmö Gustafsson (2007)
MilanMethodology and information available at: http://www.inemar.eu/xwiki/bin/view/InemarDatiWeb/Metodologia+utilizzata
Ploieşti Report - guidance on developing local and national emission inventories in conformity with EMEP/EEA – 2009
Prague URM Internal Guidelines for EI
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Main results – data availabilityCity Emission data
Covenant of Mayors (CoM) Eurocities networkCiteAir internet presentation of the resultsEU CO2 80/50 Project network platform
Antwerp Annual report on the VMM websiteBerlin Web based GIS toolMadrid & Milan Web based reportMalmö Annual report and a web toolParis AIRPARIF websitePloieşti Environmental situation reportPlovdiv Partly in air quality progammePrague Web based report, dataVienna & Vilnius No
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Main results – Reference for EFCity References
Covenant of Mayors (CoM) GHG: IPCCCiteAir Guidebook on integrated emission inventories (also: IMACE database and IMACE guidebook)EU CO2 80/50 Project GHG: IPCC
Antwerp CR-CORINAIR
traffic: IMMIS-em: (modelled), HBEFA 3.1 (www.hbefa.net)
tyre abrasion and resuspension: Düring & Lohmeyer (2004)evaporative losses: HBEFA3.1heating: Umeg (2000)construction machinery: Ifeu (2004)
Madrid GHG: IPCC; AP: EMEP/CORINAIR; traffic: COPERT 4
Malmö no information provided
Milan, Ploiesti GHG: IPCC; AP: EMEP/CORINAIR
Parisnational guidance CITEP (http://www.citepa.org/images/III-1_Rapports_Inventaires/OMINEA_9eme%20edition%202012sec.zip) and EMEP/CORINAIR
Plovdiv CR-CORINAIR, HBEFA, CS-country specific, PS-plant specific
Prague EMEP/CORINAIR, national guidance for traffic emissions
Vienna EMEP/CORINAIR, HBEFA
Berlin
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Main results - comparability City Comparability
Covenant of Mayors (CoM) applied guidelines yes, inventories noCiteAir No
EU CO2 80/50 Project No
Antwerp Yes (downscaled from the regional inventory)
Berlin Not comparable to other cities
MadridTheoretically yes: The Municipal Inventory is contrasted with the national and regional inventories
MalmöFully comparable with the regional (Scania) EI and the Göteborg EI, partly comparable to the Stockholm EI (bottom-up), but not directly comparable to the national EI (mostly top-down)
Milan Yes (regional inventory containing data on each city in the region; the methodology is shared with 6 further regions and 2 provinces)
Paris Yes, other regional inventories are built with the same methodologies
Ploieşti, Prague, Vilnius No
Plovdiv & Vienna Yes
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Conclusions
• Good quality input data is essential (e.g. on traffic statistics, household combustion practices, construction emissions );
• There are significant differences in comparability, completeness and consistency between the inventories;
• Currently the EI can be used for qualitative assessments on a European level. Use for modelling or source apportionment requires substantial effort for harmonization.
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Conclusions• Necessity for improved guidance for estimating fugitive and diffuse
emissions (e.g. resuspension from traffic, construction work etc.), emissions of residential heating, future traffic emissions and for QA/QC in general;
• Several cities and city projects consider and integrate synergies between management of air quality and greenhouse gases when planning action plans or measures.
Brochure: compilation of guidance material
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Thank you!
Christian Nagl+43-1-31304-5866, [email protected]
Ulrike Döring+49-30-405085-303, [email protected]
Contacts
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1. Covenant of Mayors (CoM) 2. Megapoli3. CityZen, mega CITY - Zoom for the Environment4. Soot free cities campaign5. European Green City Index6. Common Information to European Air, CiteAir7. METREX - The Network of European Metropolitan Regions and Areas8. InterMETREXplus Project9. EUCO2 80/50 Project10.Climate Cities Benchmark (CCB)11. Fairmode
11 city projects were analysed!