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Complete Streets in the States
Roger Millar, Smart Growth America
National Conference of State Legislatures Legislative Summit
August 7, 2012
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2
Overview
• Introduction
• Complete Streets
– Policies
– Implementation
– Funding
• Other SGA state transportation initiatives
• Questions
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Smart Growth
Smart growth means building urban, suburban
and rural communities with housing and
transportation choices near jobs, shops and
schools.
These strategies support thriving local
economies and protect the environment.
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What I‟ve heard about smart growth
Wengen
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Smart growth is ugly.
Riomaggiore, Italy
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We have no history with it.
Boston, MA
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Nobody would want to live there.
Aspen, CO
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It just doesn‟t work here.
Pearl District, Portland, OR
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Shut up and drive!
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We know how to build right
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We know how to build right
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Yet too many roads still turn out like this:
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or this:
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or this:
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The Solution:
Complete Streets Policies
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Complete Streets policies
A Complete Streets policy
ensures that the entire
right of way is planned,
designed, operated and
maintained to provide
safe access for all users.
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Many Types: Rural to Urban
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Policy adoption accelerates
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Policies adopted in all types of communities
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State Complete Streets policies
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www.completestreets.org/atlas
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Streets Can Benefit Communities
• Improve safety
• Provide choices
• Better health
• Support economic dev.
• Reduce costs
• Manage congestion
• Smarter growth
• Conserve resources
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Complete Streets means:
• A policy approach
• A change to the
everyday decision-
making processes
and systems
• Long-term changes
to built environment
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Complete Streets doesn‟t mean:
• One „special‟ street project
• A design prescription
• A mandate for immediate retrofit
• A silver bullet; other issues must be addressed:
– Land use (proximity, mixed-use)
– Environmental concerns
– Transportation Demand Management
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From Policy to Practice
Effective implementation means:
– Organizing implementation activities
– Restructuring procedures, policies, and programs
– Rewriting or updating design guidance
– Offering training opportunities to transportation
staff, community leaders, and the general public
– Creating new performance measures
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State Implementation
• California
– www.dot.ca.gov/hq/tpp/offices/ocp/complete_stre
ets.html
• Minnesota
– www.dot.state.mn.us/planning/completestreets/
• New Jersey
– www.state.nj.us/transportation/eng/completestree
ts/
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What about funding?
• Complete streets is about using existing
resources differently:
– STP, Equity Bonus, CMAQ, TE, State, bond
measures, gas tax, sales taxes... the usual
suspects
• While retrofit funding is important, it is not
necessary to get started
• Additional funding is not needed
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Think Ahead, Think Smart
• Complete Streets can save money
• Narrower travel lanes require less land, less pavement
• Provide more options = reduce need for widening some intersections
• Do it right the first time, not when forced to later – at a higher price
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Sample Low-Cost Improvements
• Restripe for bike lanes without moving curbs/drainage
• Do not construct overly wide lanes (12‟ instead of 11‟)
• Sidewalks installed during drainage project add little cost
• Timing signals to control speeds and increase safety
• Countdown ped signals reduce crashes
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Low-cost rural application: paved shoulders
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Saving Money: Washington State
500 miles of the state
highway system are
„main streets.‟
Over ten years, 47% of
projects on these streets
had scope, schedule, or
budget changes
resulting in delay.
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Saving Money: Washington State
Pilot project consulted community ahead of time.
Complete Streets planning could have saved an average of $9 million per Main Street project – about 30% – in reduced scope, schedule, and budget changes over the last 10 years.
http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/733.1.pdf
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Complete Streets Resources
• Fact sheets, photos, brochures
• Policy tracking & examples
• Information on technical
assistance & workshops
• Complete Streets blog and
monthly newsletter
• Links to research & publications
• Complete Streets Best Practices
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SGA’s state transportation program
WPA Mural – Wilkinsburg, PA
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Themes
• Save Money by Taking Better Care of What You Have
– Maintain and repair existing roads and bridges
• Grow the Economy by Making Your Transportation Investments More Strategic
– Fund the biggest job creator: public transportation
– Spark innovation and cost‐savings through a competitive transportation solutions program
– Revisit near‐term spending decisions and long‐term project selection process
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Save money by taking better care of what
you have
• SGA and Taxpayers
for Common Sense
• National Report June
1, 2011
• 50 State profiles on
SGA website
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Repair Priorities
• 57 percent of funds
spent on just 1
percent of the nation‟s
roads
• 43 percent spent on
the 99 percent of the
system that already
existed
REPAIR PRIORITIES | PAGE 6
Introduction For decades, states have invested dispr oportionately in road expansion and left regular
repair and preservation underfunded. Between 2004 and 2008, most states spent more
systems during these years.4
miles, yet their construction accounted for a staggering 57% of combined road repair and
expansion expenditures during this period.5
As a result of these spending decisions,
road conditions in many states
are getting worse. Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA) data indicate that
6
American Society of Civil Engineers gave the
2005, and this decline in road conditions is
directly related to state spending decisions.
its highway capital budget on repair projects
on expansion. The percentage of South
largest decline of any state (see the tables 8
Neglecting repair and preservation
costs taxpayers billions of dollars in
preventable expenses. A few cracks and
potholes might not seem like the makings of
an impending budget crisis, but putting of f
repairs today means spending much more
in the future. Repair costs rise exponentially
when roads are not routinely maintained.
According to the American Association of
later to rebuild the same road once it has
Underfunding
repair and delaying these projects is
liabilities. Too much focus on expansion and
too little on repair also means that with every
dollar spent on new construction, states
add to a system they are already failing to
adequately maintain.
Expansion vs. repair:
State transportation funding priorities
billion annually on repair and expansion of roads
57% of funds went to
1.3% of roads
Total state-owned major road lane-miles as of 2008
New lane-miles added, 2004-2008
43% of funds went
98.7% of roads
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Condition of existing roads
• 52% of major roads (732,500 lane-miles) in “fair” or “poor” condition
• ASCE Report Card
– 2001: D+
– 2005: D
– 2009: D-
• $43 B/yr needed for preservation and repair
• More then we spend on all road projects today
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Cost of deferred maintenance
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Fund the biggest job creator
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Transit investment creates more jobs
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41
Transit investment catalyzes economic
development
• Hudson-Bergen (NJ)
LRT - $5.3 billion
• Dallas, TX LRT - $4.2
billion
• Portland Streetcar -
$4 billion
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Spark innovation and cost savings
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Example – Connect Oregon
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Revisit project selection process
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Headline news
“Bay Area transportation projects to be
judged on benefits vs. costs” – Silicon Valley
Mercury News
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Headline news?
“Talk to any business person about not having a
benefits-vs.-cost discussion and they'll say, 'Duh,
you mean you don't do that?' " said the
commission's executive director, Steve
Heminger. "They insist on it, but in the
transportation profession it is not all that
common. ... This levels the playing field."
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DOT Reform Handbook
WPA Mural – Wilkinsburg, PA
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DOT reform handbook
• Collaborative project
with SSTI
• Advisory Group of
current and former DOT
executives
• Targeted at Governors,
State Legislators, DOT
CEOs
• Report release
September 4, 2012
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Focus areas
• Funding and financing
• Revenue allocation and project selection
• Increasing transportation system efficiency
• Pricing
• Improve options for non-automobile mobility
• Integrate transportation and land use decision-making
• Streamline internal DOT operations
• Freight‟s ever-important role in our economy
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Demonstration Projects
WPA Mural – Wilkinsburg, PA
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Results – Oregon
• Over 60 funding
sources studied
• 12 Consensus
funding sources
• 4 consensus
financing measures
• 2013 Legislative
Session
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Results – Tennessee
1. Develop new metrics to measure and prioritize all proposed projects against broad system goals
2. Audit the current project list for opportunities to better achieve system goals
3. Establish a system for identifying public and private transportation/land use planning partners
4. Effectively articulate a full range of benefits tied to broad system goals
5. Identify new funding partners based on benefits
6. Broadly communicate flexible design standards for context sensitive solutions
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We have the freedom to make informed, humane, and intelligent choices about the kind of world we want to leave for our children and grandchildren. We also have the freedom to make uninformed, selfish, and stupid choices. Which will it be?
- Greg Pahl
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Thank you!
www.smartgrowthamerica.org
www.completestreets.org
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