Page 1 of 93 1
Compliance Monitoring Report – Industries (2009)
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 7
2. General observations ............................................................................................................. 7
3. Industries specific observation(s) ......................................................................................... 8
3.1. Cement industries........................................................................................................................ 8 3.2. Ferro Alloys and Carbide ............................................................................................................. 9 3.3. Powdering Plants ....................................................................................................................... 10 3.4. Food and Drinks Industries ........................................................................................................ 10 3.5. Steel Industries .......................................................................................................................... 11 3.6. Wood Industries ........................................................................................................................ 12
4. Penden Cement Authority Limited (PCAL) ..................................................................... 14
4.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 14 4.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their source .............................................................. 14 4.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 15 4.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 15 4.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 15 4.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 17 4.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of the environmental clearance ...................... 18 4.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 19
5. Lhaki Cement Company Pvt. Ltd ...................................................................................... 21
5.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 21 5.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their sources ............................................................ 21 5.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 22 5.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 22 5.5. Pollution from production process ............................................................................................ 22 5.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 23 5.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of environmental clearance ............................ 23 5.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 23
6. Yangzom Cement Industry Pvt. Ltd .................................................................................. 24
6.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 24 6.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their sources ............................................................ 24 6.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 25 6.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 25 6.5. Pollution from production process ............................................................................................ 25 6.6. Pollutants monitored and finding.............................................................................................. 26 6.7. Observation against the terms and condition of environmental clearance ............................. 26 6.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 27
7. Druk Cement Company Pvt. Ltd ....................................................................................... 28
Page 2 of 93 2
7.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 28 7.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their sources ............................................................ 28 7.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 29 7.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 29 7.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 29 7.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 30 7.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of environmental clearance ............................ 31 7.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 31
8. Bhutan Carbide and Chemicals Limited ........................................................................... 33
8.1. Brief Background ....................................................................................................................... 33 8.2. Raw Material and their sources ................................................................................................. 33 8.3. Environmental Concerns ........................................................................................................... 34 8.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 34 8.5. Pollution from Production Process ............................................................................................ 34 8.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 35 8.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of the environmental clearance ...................... 35 8.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 35
9. Bhutan Ferro Alloys Limited ............................................................................................. 36
9.1. Background information ............................................................................................................ 36 9.2. Raw materials, consumption and their sources ........................................................................ 36 9.3. Environmental concerns ............................................................................................................ 37 9.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 37 9.5. Pollution from production process ............................................................................................ 37 9.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 38 9.7. Observation against the terms and condition of environmental clearance ............................. 39 9.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 39
10. Bhutan Ferro Industries Limited ....................................................................................... 40
10.1. Background information ............................................................................................................ 40 10.2. Raw material, its consumption and sources.............................................................................. 40 10.3. Environmental concerns ............................................................................................................ 41 10.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 41 10.5. Pollution form the production process ..................................................................................... 41 10.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 42 10.7. Observations against the terms and condition of environmental clearance ............................ 43 10.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 43
11. Druk Ferro Alloy Limited ................................................................................................... 45
11.1. Background information ............................................................................................................ 45 11.2. Raw material, its consumption and sources.............................................................................. 45 11.3. Environmental concerns ............................................................................................................ 46 11.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 46 11.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 46 11.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 47 11.7. Observations against the terms and condition of environmental clearance: ........................... 47 11.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 47
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12. Druk Wang Alloys Limited ................................................................................................. 48
12.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 48 12.2. Raw materials, its consumption and sources ............................................................................ 48 12.3. Environmental concerns ............................................................................................................ 49 12.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 49 12.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 49 12.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 50 12.7. Observations against the terms and condition of environmental clearance ............................ 50 12.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 50
13. Ugen Ferro Alloys Limited ................................................................................................. 51
13.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 51 13.2. Raw material, its consumption and source ............................................................................... 51 13.3. Environmental concerns ............................................................................................................ 52 13.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 52 13.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 52 13.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 53 13.7. Observations against the terms and condition of environmental clearance ............................ 53 13.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 53
14. Army Welfare Project ......................................................................................................... 55
14.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 55 14.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their sources ............................................................ 56 14.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 56 14.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 56 14.5. Pollution from production process ............................................................................................ 56 14.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 57 14.7. Observation against the terms and condition of environmental clearance ............................. 57 14.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 57
15. Bhutan Fruits Productions Pvt. Ltd. ................................................................................. 58
15.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 58 15.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their sources ............................................................ 58 15.3. Environmental concerns ............................................................................................................ 59 15.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 59 15.5. Pollution from production process ............................................................................................ 59 15.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 60 15.7. Observation against the terms and condition of environmental clearances: ........................... 60 15.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 61
16. Dolomite Crushing Unit, Jigme Industries Pvt Ltd ......................................................... 63
16.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 63 16.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources ........................................................... 63 16.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 64 16.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 64 16.5. Pollution from the Production Process ..................................................................................... 64 16.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 65
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16.7. Observations against the environmental clearance .................................................................. 65 16.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 66
17. Dolomite Powdering Unit of Jigme Industries Pvt. Ltd ................................................... 67
17.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 67 17.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources ........................................................... 67 17.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 68 17.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 68 17.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 68 17.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings .............................................................................. 69 17.7. Observations against the terms and conditions of environmental clearance .......................... 69 17.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 70
18. Pagli Stone Quarry .............................................................................................................. 71
18.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 71 18.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources ........................................................... 71 18.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 71 18.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 72 18.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 72 18.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings .............................................................................. 72 18.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of the environmental clearance ...................... 73 18.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 73
19. Chundu Dolomite Powdering Plant ................................................................................... 74
19.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 74 19.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources ........................................................... 74 19.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 75 19.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 75 19.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 75 19.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings .............................................................................. 76 19.7. Observations against the terms and conditions of environmental clearance .......................... 76 19.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 77
20. Kenpa Pvt. Ltd ..................................................................................................................... 78
20.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 78 20.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources ........................................................... 78 20.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 79 20.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 79 20.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 79 20.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings .............................................................................. 80 20.7. Observation against the terms and condition of the environmental clearance ....................... 80 20.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 81
21. Damchen Dolomite and Mining Industries ....................................................................... 82
21.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 82 21.2. Raw Materials, annual consumptions and their sources .......................................................... 83 21.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 83 21.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 83
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21.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 83 21.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings .............................................................................. 84 21.7. Observations against the terms and conditions of the environmental clearance .................... 84 21.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 85
22. Lhachhen Mineral Industry ............................................................................................... 86
22.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 86 22.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources ........................................................... 86 22.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 87 22.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 87 22.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 87 22.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings .............................................................................. 87 22.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of environmental clearance ............................ 88 22.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 88
23. Nob Minerals ........................................................................................................................ 90
23.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 90 23.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources ........................................................... 90 23.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 91 23.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 91 23.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 91 23.6. Possible Pollutants Monitored and Findings ............................................................................. 92 23.7. Observations against the terms and conditions of environmental clearance .......................... 92 23.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 93
Page 6 of 93 6
Executive Summary
The National Environment Commission Secretariat (NECS) conducted compliance monitoring of
the industries in Chukha and Samtse Dzongkhags. During the monitoring, …..industries were
monitored for general compliance and point source emission level. The monitoring was mainly
based on compliance by the industries as required under the terms and conditions of
environment clearance.
Some of notable general non-compliances are; lack of Self monitoring initiatives, no
Environmental Budgetary provisions, inadequate Personal Protective Equipments(PPE)
provision, improper Waste Management system, and leakages during operation of Pollution
Control Equipment and poor General housekeeping. However, industries are showing gradual
improvement in controlling fugitive emission and contribute towards employment generation.
The point source emission, suspended particulate matter (SPM) emission for industries with
stacks were monitored. It was observed that all cement industries failed to meet the emission
standard while one of six Ferro Alloys and others fails to meet the same. The emission level of
two of four steel industries exceeds the standards while one of three wood industries emits
emission above the prescribed limit. The failure to meet the emission standards from the point
source owes to inadequate or inappropriate pollution control equipment. Significant amount of
fugitive emissions are also generated, especially in powdering plants.
In general, the team conducted pollution audit for the industries and the recommendations were
submitted for improving their environmental performance.
Further, as per the instruction of the 27th
meeting of NEC, the Secretariat in coordination with
the Environment Unit of the Ministry of Economic Affairs is continuously monitoring the
environmental compliance of the industries in Pasakha Industrial Estate.
Page 7 of 93 7
1. Introduction The National Environment Commission Secretariat (NECS) in coordination with Ministry of
Economic Affairs (MoEA) conducted several rounds of meetings with industries between 2005
and 2007 on formulation of emission standards. The emission standard was approved by the
government in September 2007. A final consultation was held with industries, where the
deadline to enforce emission standards was discussed and agreed as July 1, 2008. However, the
enforcement of the emission standards was initiated from November 2008.
The compliance monitoring was also based on the provisions of National Environment
Protection Act (NEPA) 2007, Environment Assessment Act (EA Act) 2000 and its Regulation
for the Environmental Clearance of Projects 2002. This report covers industries under Samtse
and Chukha Dzongkhags (attached lists of industries). The monitoring was conducted from
November 2008 to March 2009
In addition to the above monitoring, as per the instruction of the 27th
meeting of NEC, the
Secretariat in coordination with the Environment Unit, Ministry of Economic Affairs is
continuously monitoring the environmental compliance of the industries in Pasakha Industrial
Estate.
2. General observations
Generally, industries have shown gradual improvement of environmental performance compared
to the past records. The overall improvement includes:
Fugitive emission control measures: Most plants have installed enclosure for material
transfer lines and point, to reduce fugitive emission
National Employment Generation: The data shows that, on average, more than 60% of
their employees are national
Despite some improvement shown by the industries, there are areas for further improvement as
shown below:
Self monitoring initiatives. Although the regulation requires industries to carry out self
monitoring of point source emission and work zone environment, no initiatives are taken
by industries
Environmental Budget: industries are required to maintain budget for environmental
activities. However, no such record exists with most industries
Personal Protective Equipments (PPE): The implementation of PPE is limited to
provision of helmets and breathing mask only. However, these are also not used by the
workers
Page 8 of 93 8
General Housekeeping: The general housekeeping needs to be improved. For instance,
drainage within the area needs to be cleaned
Waste Management: some of the prominent wastes generated by industries are slag
from steel industries and marble sludge. Till date, there is no proper management of
these wastes
Operation of Pollution Control Equipment: lot of fugitive emission is generated from
the leakages mainly due to improper maintenance
The above noted non compliance observations are simple and can be implemented. It doesn’t
require much resource and manpower. The benefit of its implementation includes improvement
of overall economic benefits such as resource recovery, improved efficiency, and understanding
the overall status of environmental performance of the company, which is emerging as an
important marketing tool.
3. Industries specific observation(s)
Detail inspections of the pollution sources along the production line for various industries were
conducted for following groups of industries, 1) Cement industries, 2) Ferro Alloys and Carbide,
3) Food and Drinks Industries, and 4) Powdering Plants. In addition, point source emission
monitoring was also conducted for steel and wood industries. Following are the observation for
specific groups of industries.
3.1. Cement industries
Total of four cement industries were monitored in Pasakha, Gomtu and Samtse. Air and noise
pollution are the major environmental concerns for these industries. Air pollution is generated as
fugitive emission from improper handling of the raw materials along the production line, and
point source emission from the stacks. Noise is generated from operation of plant equipment.
Cement industries consist of many units namely; Coal Mill, Raw Mill, Pyroprocessing Unit and
Cement Mill. The Cement Mills can be operated independently by using procured Clinker.
Stacks were monitored for point source emission level. The Penden Cement Authority Limited
(PCAL) has 28 stacks, of which only Electro Static Precipitators (ESP) stack was monitored,
because of lack of stack monitoring provisions for rest of the stacks. Similarly, two Vertical
Shaft Kiln (VSK) stacks and one Raw Mill stack were monitored for Druk Cement Company
Pvt. Limited, while all three stacks were monitored for Yangzom Cement Industry. The point
source emission for Lhaki Cement Private Limited was not monitored because the plant was
under augmentation. The point source emission result shows that only raw mill stack of Druk
Cement plant meets the emission standard. The graph below shows the emission level from the
stack monitored:
Page 9 of 93 9
Figure Cement Industries
It may be noted that the emission from the VSK of Druk and Yangzom Cement are directly let
out to the environment without any pollution control system. The existing pollution control
system of ESP in PCAL and Bag filter in Yangzom cement are proving to be inefficient in
controlling the point source emission. Therefore, the pollution load of the cement industries is
extremely high, much above the emission standards.
Lhaki cement, as a part of augmentation is changing the technology from VSK to Rotatory Kiln
(RK).
3.2. Ferro Alloys and Carbide
Six industries, including Bhutan Carbide and Chemical Plant in Pasakha were monitored under
this category. Air and noise pollution are observed as the major environmental concerns. Air
pollution is generated as the fugitive emission from improper handling of the raw materials along
the production line, open furnace gates, tapping process and point source emission from the
stacks. It is also contributed by improper collection system of micro silica dust. Noise is
generated from operation of plant machineries.
Industrial stacks were monitored for its point source emission. Of six industrial stacks monitored,
one stack fail to meet SPM emission standard.
671
34642842
34
1115
4517
0500
100015002000250030003500400045005000
Penden ESP VSK 1 VSK 2 Raw Mill VSK Raw Mill
Penden Cement
Druk Cement Yangzom Cement
SP
M C
on
c (
mg
/N
m3
)
Industrial Stacks
Point source emission
Observed conc (mg/Nm3)
Stand (150 mg/Nm3)
Page 10 of 93 10
Figure Ferro Alloys and Carbide
The pollution level of lime kiln of Bhutan Carbide and Chemical Limited (BCCL) were above
the emission standard. The SPM emission level from the lime kiln unit of the BCCL has
repeatedly exceeded the emission level. It is because the pollution control equipment is not
adequate.
3.3. Powdering Plants
A total of seven industries were monitored under this category in Gomtu, Pugli and Tashijong
area in Samtse. This category consists of dolomite and talc powdering units. The major
environmental concerns associated with these industries are air and noise pollution.
Fugitive emission is the major air pollution, occurring due to improper handling of raw materials
along the production line. The conveyor belts are not enclosed, transfer points are open, and
significant amount of fugitive emission occurs due to manual handling of product packaging and
its transfer to the storage area.
The point source of SPM emission monitoring was not conducted, as there is no stack emission.
In future, there is an urgent need to conduct detail technical study on the fugitive emission level
within the work zone.
3.4. Food and Drinks Industries
Only two Food and Drinks industries were monitored in Samtse. Others, such as Vanaspati and
cold drink plants were not monitored as they were not under operation. The major environmental
concerns associated with these industries are air pollution from the boiler and effluent discharge
from the production process. Some amount of spent materials such as fruit peels is generated as
solid waste.
0
50
100
150
200
250
GCP GCP GCP GCP GCP Lime Kiln
DWAL DFAL UFAL BFIL BFAL BCCL
SPM
Co
nc
(mg/
Nm
3)
Industrial Stacks
Point source emissionObserved Conc (mg/Nm3)
Stand (150 mg/Nm3)
Page 11 of 93 11
The industries were not monitored for its point source emission because, the Bhutan Fruits were
under the technological up-gradation from coal fired to High Speed Diesel (HSD) fired boiler,
where the emission scenario is expected to change after installation of new boiler. The food and
drinks industries have shown improvement in overall house keeping of the plant as well.
3.5. Steel Industries
Bhutan Concast Pvt Ltd, KK Steel and Druk Iron and Steel Industries were monitored for their
point source emission while Bhutan Steel Industries is monitored for both the point source
emission and overall environmental performance. The overall environmental performance for
other steel industries, including Lhaki Steel will be monitored soon. It was observed that slag
generation and air pollution are noted as the main environmental concern from operation of the
Bhutan steel industries. Slags are generated as by-product from the process, and have been left
stockpiled within the industrial compound. Air pollution is generated both as the fugitive and
point source from improper handling of the raw materials and charging process. It may be
mentioned that all the steel industries in their initial project profile and application have assured
proper management of slag, which they have failed to comply.
The point source emission was monitored for 4 steel industries, of which two industries failed to
meet the emission standards.
Figure 1 Steel Industries
The point source emission from the Rolling mill and Induction furnace I of the Druk Iron and
Steel at Rabtengang, and Induction furnace of the KK Steel failed to meet the required standard.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Furnace GCP Furnace GCP Rolling Mill Furnace GCP Furnace GCP
Bhutan Concast
Bhutan Steel Indstry. Ltd
Druk Iron & Steel KK Steel
SPM
Co
nc
(mg/
Nm
3)
Industrial Stacks
Point source emission
Observed Conc (mg/Nm3)
Stand (150mg/Nm3)
Page 12 of 93 12
In the past sampling, the SPM emission of the Druk Iron and Steel have managed to meet the
standard.
Emission for the Lhaki steel could not be monitored as the plant was shut down during the period
of monitoring, due to economic recession.
3.6. Wood Industries
Three industries were monitored in Gedu and Phuentsholing area for their point source emission.
The overall environmental performance could not be covered during the monitoring.
Point source emission occurs from boilers, where waste wood is used as fuel. Of three wood
industries monitored for the SPM point source emission level, Bhutan Board Products Limited in
Gedu, failed to meet the emission standard.
Figure 2 Wood Industries
927
5.81
115
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Boiler Boiler Boiler
Bhutan Board Products Limited
Bhutan Green Wood Industry
Bhutan Wood Panel Industry
SPM
Con
c (m
g/N
m3)
Industrial Stacks
Point source emission
Observed Conc (mg/N
m3)
Stand (150mg/Nm3)
Page 13 of 93 13
Page 14 of 93 14
4. Penden Cement Authority Limited (PCAL)
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter
Penden Cement
Authority Ltd
Type of Industry
Cement
Location
Gomtu, Samtse
Products
Ordinary Portland
Cement (OPC)
PSC (Portland Slag
Cement)
PPC (Portland Pozzalona
cement)
Year of
Establishment 1974 Plant Capacity
Commercial
Production 1981
Actual Production
(in 2008)
OPC 33: 635Metric Tonnes
(MT)
OPC 43:45,522 MT
PPC:1,77,755 MT
PSC:1,19660 MT
Clinker:281,615 MT
Date of Monitoring March 21-22, 2009
4.1. Brief background
Penden Cement plant manufactures three types of cements namely Ordinary Portland Cement
(OPC) PSC (Portland Slag Cement) PPC (Portland Pozzalona cement). During the time of
monitoring the C- line of pyroprocess was broken down. The team was informed that the daily
clinker production capacity was reduced from 1000 tonnes per day (tpd) to just 260 tpd.
4.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their source
The following table shows the Raw Material types and its annual consumption and sources:
Sl. No Particulars Quantity (MT) Source
1 Limestones 2,83,408 Pugli Mines
Page 15 of 93 15
2 Limestones 1,38,510 Uttarey Mines
3 Calc Tufa 11,750 Kalapani Mines
4 Sandstone 8,850 Pugli river bed
5 Iron ore 157 Kalikhola Mines
6 Coal 42,751 Reshore Mines
7 Coal 10,381 India
8 Fly ash 40,143 India
9 Gypsum 11,152 Khothakpa
Mines
10 Slag 52,135 India
4.3. Potential environmental concerns
Dust emission is the major environmental concern from operation of the cement plant. While
some point source pollution control measures were implemented by the management, the
fugitive emission from the materials transfer points, and materials handling such as gantry
stocking, open feeding and leakages along transfer line are contributing to dust generation. The
installation of mobile crushing unit between Gomtu town and the plant has further aggravated the
dust pollution in the area. The open stocking of raw materials such as coal and slag has also
contributed generation of dusts emission in the area. Noise is also generated from the operation
of the plant machineries.
4.4. Positive impacts, if any
The plant has employed total work force of 566 people of which 531 of them are national.
Furthermore, the company has employed an addition of 144 national casual workers in the plant.
4.5. Pollution from the production process
The table below shows that pollution sources, control measures and observations.
Sl.
No
Source of Pollution Control Measures Observations
1 Fugitive emission from Whole structure is The enclosure has controlled the
Page 16 of 93 16
Stacker and reclaimer enclosed fugitive emission.
2 Fugitive emission at
Raw material Gantry
(handling)
No control measures Fugitive emission is generated
3 Point source emission
Raw mill (Raw mill 1)
grinding
Installed control
measures
Both ESP and bag filters are used.
Stack Monitoring was carried out
for the stacks of both the installed
control measures. The result may
have to be reconfirmed after
management has put the porthole as
per the specification issued by NEC.
4 Point source from
Blending Silo
Control measures
installed.
Bag house has been installed.
However, there is no provision to
monitor the emission level
5 Point source emission
from the Pyroprocessing
Control measures
installed
The emission from this pyroprocess
is treated by ESP.
6 Fugitive emission from
Clinker Discharge
No control measures Dust is generated from transfer
point. Water spray is installed, but it
is hardly used.
7 Point source emission
from Clinker Silo
Installed control
measures
Bag house has been installed.
However, there is no provision to
monitor the emission level
8 Fugitive emission from
the Clinker Gantry
No control measures Dust is generated while dropping
clinker into the Gantry and
transferring hot clinkers by EOT
crane.
9 Fugitive emission from
conveying materials
(Gypsum, Clinker, Slag
etc) from the clinker silo
to the cement hoppers
No control measures Gypsum is fed manually at the
hoppers. The feeding process
generates dust. The conveyor belts
are not enclosed
10 Point source from
Cement Mills
Installed control
measures
Bag house has been installed.
However, there is no provision to
monitor the emission level
Page 17 of 93 17
11 Point source emission
from Cement Silo
Installed control
measures
Bag house has been installed.
However, there is no provision to
monitor the emission level
12 Point source and
fugitive emission from
packing
Installed control
measures for packing
machines, but no
control measures for
fugitive emissions
The team was informed that
monitoring provisions are provided,
however, the plant was under
maintenance during the monitoring
period. Hence sampling was not
carried out.
13 Fugitive emission from
Coal feeding
No control measures Coal dust is generated from coal
feeding hoppers as well as from the
stock yard.
14 Point source emission
from the coal mill
Installed control
measures
Bag house has been installed.
However, there is no provision to
monitor the emission level
15 Wastewater from
cooling and vehicle
washing
No control measures Wastewaters generated from
washing of vehicles are directly
discharged into the surrounding
environment. Further part of the
water used for cooling the
equipment is also let directly into
surrounding environment.
4.6. Pollutants monitored and findings
Stack sampling was carried out for SPM from the point source. The graph below shows that the
emission from the ESP exceeds the emission standards.
Page 18 of 93 18
Figure 3 PCAL ESP Stack
Since there is fugitive emission in the work place, there is a need to sample and analyse the
workplace emission level.
4.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of the environmental
clearance
Raw materials, such as coal and slag are not stored in the closed yard
There are leakages along materials transfer line
As per the ESP stack emission record maintained with company, it has failed to meet the
required emission standard. Following is the record:
Sl.
No
Month Results (mg/Nm3)
1 October, 2008 290.6
2 November, 2008 282.2
3 December, 2008 188.7
4 January, 2009 223.3
5 Feb, 2009 207
No proper record for the water consumption
No separate energy meter
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
PCAL, ESP Emission Standard
SP
M (
mg
/N
m3
)
Emission Stack
SPM Emission
Page 19 of 93 19
Monitoring provisions are not provided for all the stacks
Poor implementation of OHS
Factory floor is not clean
General housekeeping is poor
Poor sanitation within the plant
4.8. Recommendations
Both observations and recommendations are discussed with the management. The management
has agreed to implement as follows.
Sl.
No
Activity Description Implementation
1 Fugitive emission
control
The management shall implement the
control measures for fugitive emission
from the process and other activities
(including leakages along the transfer
lines, gantries, feeding hoppers, and
transfer points)
The management shall
installed fugitive emission
control measures within
three months from date of
issue of this observations and
inform NEC accordingly
2 Water Management The management shall develop and
implement water management
strategies
The management shall
inform the NEC within three
months from the date of
issue of this observation
3 Stack Monitoring
Provisions
The management shall ensure that all
stacks have facilities for monitring
The management shall
submit the information to
NEC within three months
from the date of issue of this
observation
4 Fugitive emission
from the Dump
yard
The management has stocked the
Uttarey limestone in between Gomtu
town and plant which has contributed to
generation of dusts.
The management is
requested to provide the
explanation within April 10,
2009
5 Car wash in the
plant
Vehicle washing was observed at the
water re-circulation tank, where the
washed effluent are directly discharged
into the environment
The management shall
immediately prohibit direct
discharge of effluent into the
environment without
treatmentbn002E
Page 20 of 93 20
6 House keeping The general housekeeping of the plant
needs to be improved
The management shall note
that drainage needs to be
cleaned immediately
Page 21 of 93 21
5. Lhaki Cement Company Pvt. Ltd
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter
lhaki Cement
Company Pvt. Ltd
Type of Industry Cement
Location Gomtu, Samtse Products Ordinary Portland
Cement (OPC)
Year of
Establishment
October 1992
Plant Capacity 43,000 MT
Commercial
Production January , 1993 Actual Production
11509.72 MT (Jan-
March 2009)
Date of Monitoring March 22-23, 2009
5.1. Brief background
Lhaki Cement Plant has been under augmentation since October 2007 replacing VSK technology
with RK. The operation of VSK was suspended from November 2008 except cement mill. The
mill has been under operation with imported clinker from PCAL and India. However, during
time of monitoring the cement mill was not operational due non-availability of clinker. The up-
gradation of the plant is expected to be completed by May 2009.
5.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their sources
The table below shows the raw materials consumption by the plant and its sources. The data is
only for the months of January-March 2009.
Sl.
No
Particulars Quantity (MT) Sources
1 Clinkers 11,157.77 PCAL and India
2 Gypsum 371.95 Khothakpa Mines
Page 22 of 93 22
5.3. Potential environmental concerns
Dust is the major environmental concerns of the cement plants. The source of pollution are
mainly from cement mill, silo, materials feeding, open stocking of raw materials, leakages along
transfer line and movement of vehicles.
5.4. Positive impacts, if any
The plant has total work force strength of 277 people of which 209 of them are national.
5.5. Pollution from production process
The following table shows the pollution sources, control measures and observations.
Sl.
No
Source of
Pollution
Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive
emission within
the plant area
Limited control
measures
Water is sprayed only once in the
morning
2 Fugitive
emission from
feeding of
materials to the
hopper
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
feeding materials into ground hoppers
3 Point source
and Fugitive
emission from
the conveyor
belts
Installed
control
measures
Some portions of the conveyor belts are
underground whereas some are exposed.
There is a system which collects dust
from the underground conveyor belts
only. There are no provisions of stack
monitoring in the stack of the bag filters.
4 Point source
emission from
Cement Silo
Installed
control
measures
No monitoring provisions
5 Fugitive
emission from
packing
no control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated from this
unit.
Page 23 of 93 23
5.6. Pollutants monitored and findings
Stack sampling was not carried out as there were no monitoring provisions. The sampling for
fugitive emission was also not conducted as the plant was under augmentation.
5.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of
environmental clearance
Clinker is not completely stored in the closed yard
Leakages along the material transfer line
No separate energy meter installed
Polythene bags are indiscriminately dumped within the plant site
Water is not sprayed as required
No record maintained for ambient and fugitive emission in the plant area
No record for water consumption
5.8. Recommendations
Both observation and recommendations are discussed with the management. The management
has agreed to implement it as follows.
Sl.
No
Activity Description Implementation
1 Environmental
Management Plan
The management shall submit the
environmental management plan
addressing the requirement under the
EC
The management shall
submit the environmental
management plan by May
15, 2009
2 Polythene bag
littering
The management shall immediately
collect all garbage including polythene
bag within and around the factory
premises
The management shall
implement it immeditely
3 Water Spray The management shall spray water for
atleast three times a day as per the
terms and condition of the EC
The management shall
implement immediately
4 Environmental
Budget
The management shall maintain
separate record for the expenditure
related to envitronment.
To be submitted along with
the Environmental
Management Plan
Page 24 of 93 24
6. Yangzom Cement Industry Pvt. Ltd
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter
Yangzom Cement
Industry Pvt. Ltd
Type of Industry Cement
Location
Tashijong, Samtse
Products
Portland Pozzolana
Cement (PPC)
Year of
Establishment October 1986 Plant Capacity 30 tpd
Commercial
Production Actual Production
Date of Monitoring March 25-26, 2009
6.1. Brief background
Yangzom Cement plant manufactures Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), using VSK technology
for clinker production. The plant has a installed capacity of 30 tpd.
6.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their sources
The following table shows the annual raw material consumption and its sources.
Sl.
No
Particulars Quantity (MT) Source
1 Limestone 6,000 Chipuwa Mines
2 Coke breeze 1,200 India
3 Fly ash 200 India
4 Gypsum 115 Khothakpa Mines
5 Clay 600 Sukreti
Page 25 of 93 25
6.3. Potential environmental concerns
Dust emission is the major environmental concern from operation of the cement plant. While
some point source pollution control measures were implemented by the management at the raw
mill and cement mill, the fugitive emission from the materials transfer points, and materials
handling such as gantry stocking, open feeding and leakages along transfer line are contributing
to dust generation. The uncontrolled point source emission from the VSK chimney has further
aggravated dust pollution in the area. Noise is also generated from the operation of the plant
machineries.
6.4. Positive impacts, if any
The plant has employed total work force of 90 people (70 day workers) of which 11 of them are
national.
6.5. Pollution from production process
The table in next page shows the pollution source, control measures and observations
Sl.
No
Source of
Pollution
Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive emission
from Raw material
feeding and
crushing
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
feeding the raw materials into the
hoppers. Fugitive emission is also
generated when raw materials are
crushed into required sizes
3 Point source
emission Raw mill
grinding
Installed
control
measures
There are two point source emissions
from the raw mill. One of them has a
vent at the top of the bag house, while
the other one is vented by passing
through the two chambers, installed for
settling the dusts.
4 Point source from
Blending Silo
Control
measures
installed
(Cyclone).
Point source emission is generated
5 Point source
emission from
VSK charging
Control
measures
installed
(Cyclone)
The material conveyed from the storage
silo to the VSK passes through cyclone
dusts separator. During the process,
point source emission is generated.
Page 26 of 93 26
5 Point source
emission from the
VSK
Partial control
measures
installed
Point source emission is generated. Part
of the flue gas is trapped and treated
using water.
6 Fugitive emission
from clinker
discharge gate
control
measures
installed
Filter bags
6 Fugitive emission
from clinker
gantry
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
discharging clinkers into the gantry.
7 Point source
emission from
cement mill
control
measures
installed
Emission is generated
8 Wastewater No control
measures
Wastewater is generated while treating
the VSK flue gas
6.6. Pollutants monitored and finding
Stack sampling was carried out for SPM from the raw mill stack and the VSK stack. The graph
below shows that the emission from both sampled stacks exceeds emission standards.
6.7. Observation against the terms and condition of environmental
clearance
No monthly emissions record is maintained
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
VSK Raw Mill Standard
SPM
co
nc
(mg/
NM
3)
Stack emission
Page 27 of 93 27
Poor house keeping within the plant area
No first aid kit available at plant
No signs posted in the plant area
Raw materials are not completely stocked within closed yard
6.8. Recommendations
Both observation and recommendations were discussed with the management. The management
has agreed to implement it as follows:
Sl.
No
Activity Description Implementation
1 Control point
source and fugitive
emission.
The management shall submit
comprehensive plan for controlling both
point source and fugitive emission
The management shall
submit dust control plan by
June 30, 2009
2 Point source
emission from extra
raw mill stack
The management shall study the
feasibility of removing the extra stack
The management shall
inform NEC accordingly
2 Dust Leakage along
the production line
The management shall immediately
rectify the problem
The management shall
implement it immediately
from the date of issue of this
observation
3 General
Observation
The management shall take serious note
of the general observation
The management shall
implement with immediate
effect
4 Environmental
Budget
The management shall maintain
separate record of the expenditure
related to environmental activities
To be submitted along with
dust control Plan
Page 28 of 93 28
7. Druk Cement Company Pvt. Ltd
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter
Druk Cement
Company Pvt. Ltd
Type of Industry Cement
Location
Balujhora,
Sampheling Gewog,
Chukha
Products Ordinary Portland
Cement (OPC)
Year of
Establishment 1991 Plant Capacity 43,000 MT
Commercial
Production Actual Production 30,000 MT
Date of Monitoring March 27, 2009
7.1. Brief background
Druk Cement plant manufactures Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), using VSK technology for
clinker production. During the time of monitoring, the plant was producing about 32 MT of
clinker for the period of 12 hours.
7.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their sources
The following table shows the annual raw materials consumption and its sources.
Sl. No Particulars Quantity (MT) Source
1 Limestone 40,000 Kalishore Mines
2 Clay 1,200 India
3 Coke breeze 10,000 India
4 Iron ore 800 India
5 Gypsum 1,000 Khothakpa
Mines
Page 29 of 93 29
7.3. Potential environmental concerns
Dust emission is the major environmental concern from operation of the cement plant. While
some point source pollution control measures were implemented by the management at the raw
mill and cement mill, the fugitive emission from the materials transfer points, and materials
handling such as gantry stocking, open feeding and leakages along transfer line are contributing
to dust generation. The uncontrolled point source emission from the VSK chimney has further
aggravated dust pollution in the area. The open stocking of limestone has also contributed to
generation of dust emission in the area. Noise is also generated from the operation of the plant
machineries.
7.4. Positive impacts, if any
The plant has employed total work force of 72 people of which 56 of them are national.
7.5. Pollution from the production process
The following table below shows the pollution sources, control measures and observations.
Sl. No Source of Pollution Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive emission at Raw
mill feeding
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated
2 Fugitive emission from
the conveyor belts
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated from the
open conveyor system. In addition, the
team observed leakages along the
material transfer lines along the
production chain.
3 Fugitive emission from
the transfer points
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated
5 Point source emission
from raw mill
Control
measures
installed
Bag filters are installed for controlling
the emission
6 Point source emission
from VSK
No control
measures
Emission is generated
7 Fugitive emissions from
knot formation
No control
measure
Fugitive emissions is generated
8 Fugitive emission from No control Fugitive emission is generated while
Page 30 of 93 30
the Clinker Gantry measures dropping clinker into the Gantry and
thereafter transferring to the cement mill
hopper.
9 Fugitive emission during
addition of Gypsum and
other additives
No control
measures
Gypsum is fed manually at the hoppers.
The feeding process generates dust
emission.
10 Point source from
Cement Mill, cement silo
and packing
Installed
control
measures
Bag house has been installed. However,
there is no provision to monitor the
emission level
12 Fugitive emission from
cement packing
No control
measure
Fugitive emission is generated
7.6. Pollutants monitored and findings
Stack sampling was carried out for SPM from the raw mill stack and the VSK stack. The graph
below shows that the emission from the VSK stck exceeds the emission standards, while
emission from raw mill stacks remains within the standards.
Figure 1: shows the total amount of stack emissions produced.
Since there is fugitive emission generation in the work place, there is a need to sample and
analyze the workplace emission level.
Page 31 of 93 31
7.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of
environmental clearance
Materials are not completely conveyed in the enclosed system
No proper record for monthly emission
No record for the water consumption
No safety signs within the plant
Factory floor is not completely concreted
raw materials, such as coal and slag are not stored in closed yard
There are leakages along materials transfer line
No separate energy meter
Monitoring provisions are not adequately provided for all the stack
Poor implementation of OHS
Factory floor is not clean
General housekeeping is poor
Poor sanitation within the plant
7.8. Recommendations
Following are the recommendations:
Installed pollution control measures at the raw mill feeding, VSK, knot formation point,
clinker gantry
Enclosed the conveyor belts and transfer point to reduce fugitive emission
Repair leakages along the transfer lines to minimize dust emission
Spray water at least three times a day to suppress dust within the factory premises
Ensure implementation of OHS requirement
Maintain monthly emission and discharge record and submit to NEC
Provide monitoring provision at the cement mill, silo and packing
Maintain separate record for the expenditure related to environmental activities
Ensure that emission and discharge from the plant comply with emission and discharge
standards
Page 32 of 93 32
Page 33 of 93 33
8. Bhutan Carbide and Chemicals Limited
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter Bhutan Carbide and
Chemicals limited Type of Industry Carbide
Location
Balujhora, Sampheling
Gewog, Chukha
Dzongkhag Products Calcium carbide
Year of
Establishment 1986 Plant Capacity 22,000 MT per annum
Commercial
Production 1988 Actual Production
Date of Monitoring March 23, 2009
8.1. Brief Background
Bhutan Carbide and Chemical Limited manufacture Calcium Carbide involving two stage
production processes, lime production in initial stage and carbide production in final stage, using
12 MVA furnace. The plant produces 2.5 MT of calcium carbide per tapping.
8.2. Raw Material and their sources
The table below shows the type of raw material, its sources and annual consumption.
Sl. No Particulars Quantity (MT) Source
1 Limestone 21394.05 Bhutan/India
2 Char coal 17379.52 India
3 Low Ash 2374.56 India
Page 34 of 93 34
Metallurgical Coke
4 Raw Petroleum Coke 5603.26 India
6 Nangal Coal 362.46 India
8.3. Environmental Concerns
The major environmental concerns from the operation of plant are fugitive emission from charging and
raw material handling, point source emission from lime kiln, Gas Cleaning Plant (GCP) and furnace
stacks. The process also generates carbide dust. Noise is generated from operation of plant machineries.
During the time of monitoring, the GCP had some mechanical problems.
8.4. Positive impacts, if any
The plant has employed 316 people of which of 286 are nationals.
8.5. Pollution from Production Process
The table below shows the pollution sources, control measures and observations
Sl.
No
Source of Pollution Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive emission from feeding
the Raw materials into the
hoppers along the production
line.
control measure
installed only in
Screen house
Fugitive emission is generated while feeding
the raw materials into hoppers. The dust in
the screen house is collected in the bag filter.
2 Fugitive emission from
conveyors and transfer point
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
conveying materials along the conveyor belts
and transfer points
3 Point source emission Control
measures
installed in Lime
kiln stacks
Cyclone dusts collector installed at Lime
kiln. Bag filter installed for furnace
emission. No appropriate control measure
installed at packing section.
4 Fugitive emission from material
stockyard
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated
5 Fugitive emission from fine
limes, coal and carbide dusts
No control
measure
Fugitive emission is generated
Page 35 of 93 35
8.6. Pollutants monitored and findings
Stack sampling was carried out for SPM for monitoring at lime kiln stack. There is no monitoring
provision for the packing section stack. The graph below shows the stack emission result for the lime kiln
stack. The graph indicates that the emission exceeds the emission standards.
8.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of the
environmental clearance
Raw materials are not completely stored in the closed yard
General housekeeping, cleanliness and hygiene is not maintained
Factory floor is not completely concreted
Poor maintenance of the greenery within the factory
8.8. Recommendations
Pollution abatement measures need to be installed to control fugitive emission from the raw
materials handling and transfer points
The conveyor belts and transfer line need to be enclosed to reduce generation of dust
Ensure the emission from the lime kiln and GCP stack comply with the emission standards
Ensure that control measures are installed to reduce emission from fine limes, coal, carbide dust
Ensure that raw materials are stored in closed yard
Ensure that general housekeeping, cleanliness and hygiene within the factory premises is
maintained
Improve the greenery in consultation with the nearest office of the Department of Forest
1117
150
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Lime Kiln Emission Standard
SPM
Co
nc
(mg/
Nm
3)
Stack Emission
Page 36 of 93 36
9. Bhutan Ferro Alloys Limited
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter Bhutan Ferro Alloys
Ltd Type of Industry Ferro Alloys
Location
Balujhora, Sampheling
Gewog, Chukha
Dzongkhag Products
1. Ferro Silicon 2. Magnesium Ferro
silicon; 3. Micro silicon
Year of
Establishment 1990 Plant Capacity
4. 31,000 MT of FeSi 5. 300 MT of FeMn,
which is not reflected in EC;
6. 7,000 MT Micro Silica, as by-product of the process
Commercial
Production 1994 Actual Production 3-5 MT per Tapping
Date of Monitoring March 25, 2009
9.1. Background information
Bhutan Ferro Alloys Limited manufactures Ferro Silicon and Ferro Manganese using submerged
arc furnace of 18 MVA and 28.5 MVA, which produces 3-5 MT of products per tapping. Part of
Micro Silica dust is also recovered as a product.
9.2. Raw materials, consumption and their sources
The table below shows the type of raw materials, consumption and their sources:
Page 37 of 93 37
Sl. No Particulars Quantity (MT) Source
1 Quartzite 61313.840 Bhutan
2 Quartz 864.70 India
3 Char coal 11811.602 India
4 Low Ash
Metallurgical Coke
12818.378 India
5 Mill scale 12588.485 India
6 Nangal Coal 24432.145 India
7 Wood chip 9494.456 Bhutan
8 Electro paste 1844.5 India/Norway
9 Chinese gas coke 1123.895 Chine
10 Magnesium 24.158 China
11 Calcium Silicide 9.335 Brazil
12 Misch Metal 2.035 China
9.3. Environmental concerns
The major environmental concerns from the furnace operation are fugitive emission from
charging and production process, point source emission from GCP and furnace stacks. Noise is
also generated during the operation of the plant.
9.4. Positive impacts, if any
The plant has total strength of about 300 people of which 97.3% of them are national.
9.5. Pollution from production process
The table below shows the pollution sources, control measures and observations:
Page 38 of 93 38
Sl.
No
Source of Pollution Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive emission
from feeding the Raw
materials into the
hoppers along the
transport system.
Control measures
installed.
Fugitive emissions leaked from the
enclosure.
2 Point source emission
from stack
Control measures
installed
Bag filters are installed
3 Fugitive emission
from casting system
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated
4 Fugitive emission
from micro silica
collection
No control
measure
Fugitive emission is generated
9.6. Pollutants monitored and findings
Stack sampling was carried out for SPM for from GCP. The graph below shows the result of the
GCP stack emission
Page 39 of 93 39
The result suggests that the SPM emission from the GCP stack remains within the emission
standards.
9.7. Observation against the terms and condition of environmental
clearance
No monthly record of stack emission and quarterly ambient quality
Poor housekeeping, cleanliness and hygiene
Factory floor is not completely concreted
Poor greenery within plant
Some raw materials are stored in open yard
9.8. Recommendations
Ensure that materials transport system is maintained to minimize leakages
Conduct study to control fugitive emission from casting
Minimize fugitive emission while collecting micro-silica from the bag filter hopper
Carry out monthly stack emission and quarterly ambient air quality, maintain records and
submit to NEC accordingly
Improve housekeeping, cleanliness and hygiene within the factory premises
Improve greenery within the factory premises in consultation with nearest forest office
Ensure that all raw materials are stored in a closed yard
Ensure that the emission and discharge from the plant comply with the emission and
discharge standards
Page 40 of 93 40
10. Bhutan Ferro Industries Limited
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter Bhutan Ferro
industries Ltd Type of Industry Ferro alloy
Location Pasakha Industrial
estate, Chukha Products Ferro silicon
Year of
Establishment June 2006 Plant Capacity 7,365 MT per annum
Commercial
Production June 2008 Actual Production 2 MT per Tapping
Date of Monitoring March 23, 2009
10.1. Background information
Bhutan Ferro Industries Limited manufactures Ferro Silicon using submerged arc furnace of 9
MVA, which produces 2 MT of products per tapping.
10.2. Raw material, its consumption and sources
The table below shows the raw material consumption and its source.
Sl. No Particulars Quantity (MT) Source
1 Quartzite 28000 Bhutan
Page 41 of 93 41
3 Char coal 21000 India
4 Low Ash
Metallurgical Coke
4200 India
5 Mill scale 5600 India
6 Nangal Coal 2800 India
7 Wood chip 5600 Bhutan
10.3. Environmental concerns
The major environmental concerns from the furnace operation are fugitive emission from
charging and production process, and point source emission from GCP and furnace stacks. Noise
is also generated during the operation of the plant.
10.4. Positive impacts, if any
The plant has total strength of about 113 people of which 69 of them are national.
10.5. Pollution form the production process
The table below shows the pollution source, control measures and observations.
Sl.
No
Source of Pollution Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive emission from feeding
of Raw materials into the
hoppers
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated.
2 Fugitive emission from
conveyors belts and transfer
point
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated
3 Point source emission from GCP
and furnace stacks
Control
measures
installed
Bag house filter is installed at GCP stacks.
Occasionally, emission is also discharged
from the furnace stack
4 Fugitive emission from the
furnace operation
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated from the
open furnace gate
5 Fugitive emission from runner No control Fugitive emissions is generated
Page 42 of 93 42
during tapping process measures
4 Fugitive emission from material
stockyard
No control
measures
Fugitive emissions is generated
5 Fugitive emission from micro
silica collection
No control
measure
Fugitive emissions is generated
10.6. Pollutants monitored and findings
Stack sampling was carried out for SPM from the GCP stack. The graph below shows that the
stack emission is within the standards.
Page 43 of 93 43
.
10.7. Observations against the terms and condition of
environmental clearance
Raw materials are not completely stored in the closed yard
No record for monthly emission and quarterly ambient quality
Poor general housekeeping, cleanliness and hygiene
Factory floor is not completely concreted
Poor initiative to maintain the greenery
10.8. Recommendations
Minimize fugitive emission generation from feeding hoppers, conveyor belts and tapping
process
Enclose furnace gate
Page 44 of 93 44
Minimize fugitive emission while collecting micro-silica from the bag filter hopper
Carry out monthly stack emission and quarterly ambient air quality, maintain records and
submit to NEC accordingly
Improve housekeeping, cleanliness and hygiene within the factory premises
Improve greenery within the factory premises in consultation with nearest forest office
Ensure that all raw materials are stored in a closed yard
Ensure that the emission and discharge from the plant comply with the emission and
discharge standards
Page 45 of 93 45
11. Druk Ferro Alloy Limited
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter Druk Ferro Alloy
Limited Type of Industry Ferro alloys
Location Pasakha Industrial
limited, Chukha Products Ferro silicon
Year of
Establishment September2008, Plant Capacity 13,200 MT
Commercial
Production Actual Production 3-5 MT per Tapping
Date of Monitoring March 22, 2009
11.1. Background information
Druk Ferro Alloys Limited manufactures Ferro Silicon using submerged arc furnace of 18 MVA,
which produces 3-5 MT of products per tapping.
11.2. Raw material, its consumption and sources
The table below shows the raw material consumption and its sources.
Sl. No Particulars Quantity (MT) Source
1 Quartzite 13,200 Kamji Mines
2 Quartz 13,200 India
3 Char coal 8,700 India
4 Low Ash
Metallurgical Coke
5,400 India
5 Mill scale 5,300 India
6 Nangal Coal 5,400 India
7 Wood chip 4,000 Bhutan
Page 46 of 93 46
11.3. Environmental concerns
The major environmental concerns from the furnace operation are fugitive emission from
charging and production process, point source emission from GCP and furnace stacks. Noise is
also generated during the operation of the plant.
11.4. Positive impacts, if any
The plant has total strength of about 120 people of which 67% of them are national.
11.5. Pollution from the production process
The following table shows the pollution sources, control measures and observations.
Sl.
No
Source of
Pollution
Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive
emission from
feeding Raw
materials into
the hoppers.
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated.
2 Fugitive
emission from
conveyors and
transfer point
No control
measures
Fugitive emissions is generated
3 Point source
emission from
GCP and
furnace stacks
Control
measures
installed
Bag house filter is installed at GCP
stacks. Occasionally, emission is also
discharged from the furnace stack
4 Fugitive
emission from
material
stockyard
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated
5 Fugitive
emission from
micro silica
collection
No control
measure
Fugitive emissions is generated
Page 47 of 93 47
11.6. Pollutants monitored and findings
Stack sampling was carried out for SPM from the GCP stack. The graph below shows that the
stack emission is within the standards.
11.7. Observations against the terms and condition of environmental
clearance:
Raw materials are not completely stored in the closed yard
No record for monthly emission and quarterly ambient quality
Poor housekeeping, cleanliness and hygiene needs to improved
Factory floor is not completely concreted
No Initiative to maintain the greenery
11.8. Recommendations
Minimize fugitive emission generation from feeding hoppers and conveyor belts
Minimize fugitive emission while collecting micro-silica from the bag filter hopper
Carry out monthly stack emission and quarterly ambient air quality, maintain records and
submit to NEC accordingly
Improve housekeeping, cleanliness and hygiene within the factory premises
Improve greenery within the factory premises in consultation with nearest forest office
Ensure that all raw materials are stored in a closed yard
Ensure that the emission and discharge from the plant comply with the emission and
discharge standards
Page 48 of 93 48
12. Druk Wang Alloys Limited
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter Druk Wang Alloys
Limited Type of Industry Ferro Alloy
Location Pasakha Industrial
Estate, Chukha Products Ferro silicon
Year of
Establishment August 2008 Plant Capacity 13,000 MT per annum
Commercial
Production Actual Production 3-5 MT per Tapping
Date of Monitoring March 23, 2009
12.1. Brief background
Bhutan Wang Alloys Limited manufactures Ferro Silicon using submerged arc furnace of 18
MVA, which produces 3-5 MT of products per tapping.
12.2. Raw materials, its consumption and sources
The table below shows the raw materials, its consumption and sources.
Sl. No Particulars Quantity (MT) Source
1 Quartzite 11,350 Kamji and …..
2 Quartz 11,350 India
3 Char coal 12600 India
4 Low Ash
Metallurgical Coke
5328 India
5 Mill scale 4536 India
6 Nangal Coal 2520 India
7 Wood chip 3132 Bhutan
Page 49 of 93 49
12.3. Environmental concerns
The major environmental concerns from the furnace operation are fugitive emission from
charging and production process, point source emission from GCP and furnace stacks. Noise is
also generated during the operation of the plant.
12.4. Positive impacts, if any
The plant has total strength of about 165 people of which 80% of them are national.
12.5. Pollution from the production process
The table below shows the pollution sources, control measures and observations.
Sl.
No
Source of
Pollution
Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive
emission from
feeding Raw
materials into
the hoppers.
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated.
2 Fugitive
emission from
conveyors and
transfer point
No control
measures
Fugitive emissions is generated
3 Point source
emission from
GCP and
furnace stacks
Control
measures
installed
Bag house filter is installed at GCP
stacks. Occasionally, emission is
also discharged from the furnace
stack
4 Fugitive
emission from
material
stockyard
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated
5 Fugitive
emission from
micro silica
collection
No control
measure
Fugitive emissions is generated
Page 50 of 93 50
12.6. Pollutants monitored and findings
Stack sampling was carried out for SPM from the GCP stack. The graph below shows that the
stack emission is within the standards.
12.7. Observations against the terms and condition of environmental
clearance
Raw materials are not completely stored in the closed yard
No record for monthly emission and quarterly ambient quality
Poor housekeeping, cleanliness and hygiene needs to improved
Factory floor is not completely concreted
No Initiative to maintain the greenery
12.8. Recommendations
Minimize fugitive emission generation from feeding hoppers and conveyor belts
Minimize fugitive emission while collecting micro-silica from the bag filter hopper
Carry out monthly stack emission and quarterly ambient air quality, maintain records and
submit to NEC accordingly
Improve housekeeping, cleanliness and hygiene within the factory premises
Improve greenery within the factory premises in consultation with nearest forest office
Ensure that all raw materials are stored in a closed yard
Ensure that the emission and discharge from the plant comply with the emission and
discharge standards
Page 51 of 93 51
13. Ugen Ferro Alloys Limited
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter Ugen Ferro Alloys
Limited Type of Industry Ferro Alloy
Location Pasakha Industrial
Estate, Chukha Products Ferro silicon
Year of
Establishment September 2008, Plant Capacity 13,000MT per annum
Commercial
Production Actual Production 3-4 MT per Tapping
Date of Monitoring March 28, 2009
13.1. Brief background
Ugen Ferro Alloys Limited manufactures Ferro Silicon using submerged arc furnace of 18 MVA,
which produces 3-4 MT of products per tapping. During the time of monitoring, it was observed
that filter bags in three chambers were damaged.
13.2. Raw material, its consumption and source
The table below shows the raw material consumption and its sources.
Sl. No Particulars Quantity (MT) Source
1 Quartzite 28000 Bhutan
2 Char coal 10800 India
3 Low Ash
Metallurgical Coke
6700 India
4 Mill scale 5500 India
5 Nangal Coal 6300 India
6 Wood chip 5400 Bhutan
Page 52 of 93 52
13.3. Environmental concerns
The major environmental concerns from the furnace operation are fugitive emission from
charging and production process, point source emission from GCP and furnace stacks. Noise is
also generated during the operation of the plant.
13.4. Positive impacts, if any
The plant has total strength of about 200 people of which 90% of them are national.
13.5. Pollution from the production process
The table below shows the pollution sources, control measures and observations.
Sl.
No
Source of
Pollution
Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive
emission from
feeding Raw
materials into
the hoppers.
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated.
2 Fugitive
emission from
conveyors and
transfer point
No control
measures
Fugitive emissions is generated
3 Point source
emission from
GCP and
furnace stacks
Control
measures
installed
Bag house filter is installed at GCP
stacks. Occasionally, emission is
also discharged from the furnace
stack
4 Fugitive
emission from
material
stockyard
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated
5 Fugitive
emission from
micro silica
collection
No control
measure
Fugitive emissions is generated
Page 53 of 93 53
13.6. Pollutants monitored and findings
Stack sampling was carried out for SPM from the GCP stack. The graph below shows that the
stack emission, monitored in April, 2009 is above the standards as filter bags were damaged
during the monitoring. The plant was later shut down to rectify the problem.
13.7. Observations against the terms and condition of environmental
clearance
Raw materials are not completely stored in the closed yard
No record for monthly emission and quarterly ambient quality
Poor housekeeping, cleanliness and hygiene needs to improved
Factory floor is not completely concreted
No Initiative to maintain the greenery
13.8. Recommendations
Minimize fugitive emission generation from feeding hoppers and conveyor belts
Minimize fugitive emission while collecting micro-silica from the bag filter hopper
Carry out monthly stack emission and quarterly ambient air quality, maintain records and
submit to NEC accordingly
Improve housekeeping, cleanliness and hygiene within the factory premises
Improve greenery within the factory premises in consultation with nearest forest office
Ensure that all raw materials are stored in a closed yard
Ensure that the emission and discharge from the plant comply with the emission and
discharge standards
226.8
150
1.16 0
50
100
150
200
250
GCP on April 17, 2009 Emission Standard GCP on Jan 23, 2009
SPM emissi on (mg/Nm3)
Industrial Stack Emission
Page 54 of 93 54
FOOD and
DRINKS
INDUSTRIES
Page 55 of 93 55
14. Army Welfare Project
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter
Army Welfare
Project
Type of Industry Liquor Bottling Unit
Location Samtse Products
Whisky
Brandy
Rum,
Gin
Ara
Year of
Establishment
1974 as Bhutan
Center Distillery
(BCD) and as AWP
in 1984
Plant Capacity
Commercial
Production Actual Production
Date of Monitoring March 26, 2009
14.1. Brief background
Samtse Distillery Unit of Army welfare project bottles whiskey, brandy and rum and distills Ara.
The production during the monitoring day was about 9000 liters XXX Bhutan Rum for 8 hours.
Page 56 of 93 56
14.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their sources
The following table shows the annual consumption of raw materials and its source.
Sl. No Particulars Quantity (Cases) Sources
1 Whiskey 89969 Gelephu and India
2 Rum 88636 India
3 Gin 17808 India
4 Spice liquor 25,717 India
5 Brandy 9920 India
6 Ara 1251 India/Bhutan
14.3. Potential environmental concerns
There is no major environmental concern, except for the generation of wastewater.
14.4. Positive impacts, if any
The plant has total strength of 37 people of which of around 60% them are national.
14.5. Pollution from production process
The following table shows the pollution sources, control measures and observation.
Sl.
No
Source of
Pollution
Control
Measures
Observations
1 Wastewater No control
measure
Wastewater is generated from
washing of bottles, which is directly
discharged into the environment
Page 57 of 93 57
14.6. Pollutants monitored and findings
The monitoring team has not taken any samples for analyzing any pollutants. The observations
here are based on visual inspection only.
14.7. Observation against the terms and condition of environmental
clearance
The activities are implemented as per the terms and condition of the EC.
14.8. Recommendations
Based on the visual inspection, following recommendations are made, and the management has
agreed to implement it.
Sl.
No
Activity Description Implementation
1 Water
management, if
there is water
shortage
The management shall study the
option of recycling water within the
plant
The management shall inform
NEC accordingly
2 Environmental
Budget
The management shall maintain
separate record of the expenditure
related to the environment.
To be submitted
Page 58 of 93 58
15. Bhutan Fruits Productions Pvt. Ltd.
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter
Bhutan Fruits
Production Pvt.
Ltd
Type of
Industry Food Processing
Location Samtse Products
Jams,
Pickles,
Squash and juice
Sauce
Sundry fruits and vegetable
namely sliced pineapple,
baby corn sweet corn etc
Year of
Establishment 1960
Plant
Capacity
Commercial
Production
Actual
Production 6,000 MT
Date of Monitoring March 26, 2009
15.1. Brief background
Bhutan Fruit Products Private Limited manufactures food products ranging from fruit juices to
pickles of various flavors. The production during the monitoring day was about 9 MT of tomato
products for 13 hours.
15.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their sources
The following table shows the annual consumption of raw materials and its sources.
Sl.
No
Particulars Quantity (MT) Sources
1 Mango ripe 200 India
2 Tomato 500 India
3 Apple 20 Bhutan
4 Orange 25 Bhutan
Page 59 of 93 59
5 Pineapple 800 India
6 Maize 150 India
7 Mango titbit 25 India
8 Sulphited
juices (orange)
300 India
9 Chilly, carrot,
turnip etc
100 India
10 Water 36000 (m3) Bhutan
11 Sugar 1200
15.3. Environmental concerns
The major environmental concerns from the plant are air pollution from the boiler operation
water pollution from raw material and plant equipment washing.
15.4. Positive impacts, if any
The plant has total work strength of 340 people of which 206 of them are nationals.
15.5. Pollution from production process
The table shows the pollution source, control measures and observation.
Sl.
No
Source of
Pollution
Control
Measures
Observations
1 Point source
emission from
the stack
No control
measures
Emissions is generated from boiler
2 Fugitive
emission from
the boiler
feeding
control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated
3 Wastewater Installed
control
measure
Wastewater is treated in sedimentation
tank
Page 60 of 93 60
4 Noise
generation
PPE PPE provided
15.6. Pollutants monitored and findings
The monitoring team has not conducted any air quality sampling from the plant site as the plant
was under process of changing the existing coal fired boilers to HSD. Therefore, all the
observations noted here is purely visual inspection.
Water is predominantly used for washing the raw materials while some amount of water has
been consumed while making products. In general, it is observed that the management has
installed water treatment plant, where the processed water is treated prior to its discharge into the
environment.
15.7. Observation against the terms and condition of environmental
clearances:
The general housekeeping has improved, including tiling and epoxy flooring
The management has installed sedimentation tank
The management has improved the sanitation facilities within the plant
The Management has installed automatic hand washers
The spent materials generated from the process has been dumped along with the spent
coal in the dump yard
The plant was under process of changing the coal fired boiler to HSD, which is
expected to generate less SPM.
Page 61 of 93 61
15.8. Recommendations
Based of the above observation, following recommendations are made, and the management has
agreed to implement it strictly.
Sl.
No
Activity Description Implementation
1 Water management The management shall study the
option of recycling water within
the plant
The management shall inform NEC
accordingly
2 Solid waste The process has generated spent
solid waste
The management shall segregate the
spent solid waste generated from the
process and the spent coal. The
options of composting the spent bio-
degradable waste will be
investigated and inform NEC within
three months from date of issue of
this observations
3 Environmental
Budget
The management shall maintain
record of the environmental
expenses
To be submitted
Page 62 of 93 62
POWDERING
PLANTS
Page 63 of 93 63
16. Dolomite Crushing Unit, Jigme Industries Pvt Ltd
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter Jigme Industries Pvt.
Ltd. Type of Industry
Dolomite Crushing and
Screening Plant
Location Pagli, Samtse Products
Crushed dolomite of 25-
50 mm, 10-25mm, 5-
25mm, 5-12mm, 1-5mm
and 60-80 mesh sizes
Year of
Establishment June, 2005
Plant Capacity per
annum 12,672,00 MT
Actual Production 650,000-700,000MT Date of Monitoring March 23, 2009
16.1. Brief background
Jigme Industries Private industries crush
dolomite boulders and screens to sizes of
25-50 mm, 10-25 mm, 5-12 mm of 1-5 mm.
The factory products of 60-80 mesh of
dolomite powders is recovered from the
sedimentation tank. The plant has a capacity
to produce 1,267,200 MT per annum,
however the plant produces only 650,000-
700,000MT per annum due to limited
market. The plant has two units for crushing and screening. At the time of monitoring, both
crushing units were operating while only one screen was operational. The production was about
2400 MT for a shift of 16 hours.
16.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources
Dolomite is the raw material for the plant and is extracted from Chunaikhloa dolomite mine
which is being operated by the same company. The following table shows the annual
consumption of raw material by the plant.
Sl.
No Particulars Quantity (MT) Sources
1 Dolomite 650,000 Chunaikhola Dolomite
Page 64 of 93 64
boulders Mines
16.3. Potential environmental concerns
As stated above, following are the environmental concerns related to the operation of the plant
particularly from the production process.
Fugitive emissions from feeding, transfer points, and transfer lines along the MS chute
Loading and unloading of the raw materials and finished products also contributes to the
air pollution
Spillage of raw materials along the side of MS chutes
Generation of wastewater during washing of products
Noise is generated from the operation of the plant
16.4. Positive impacts, if any
Some of the direct positive impacts include employment and socioeconomic opportunities for the
local people. The plant has total workforce strength of 38 people of which 35 of them are
national.
16.5. Pollution from the Production Process
The following table shows the sources of pollution and control measures.
Sl.
No
Source of
Pollution
Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive emission
from the materials
feeding hopper
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while loading
the materials into the hoppers
2 Fugitive emission
from crusher
Control
measures
installed
Water is sprayed while feeding the materials
into the hopper which controls some of the
fugitive emission
3 Fugitive emission
from the discharged
conveyor belts of
the crushers
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
transferring the materials to the MS chute
inlet
4 Fugitive emission
during sweeping of
the crusher floors
No control
measure
Significant amount of fugitive emission is
observed while cleaning the crusher floors
Page 65 of 93 65
5 Spillage of crushed
materials
No adequate
control
measure
Some of the crushed materials are spilled out
while conveying through MS chute to the
screen house.
6 Wastewater from
the process
Control
measures
installed
Water is used for washing materials conveyed
through the chute. The wastewater thus
generated from the washing process is treated
in the sedimentation tank
7 Noise generation
from the crushers
PPE PPE is supplied to the workers.
16.6. Pollutants monitored and findings
The monitoring team has not conducted any air quality sampling from the plant site. The
observations are based on visual inspection.
Water is predominantly used for controlling dust and washing of materials to improve the quality
of finished products. It is also used for effective transfer of crushed materials along the MS chute
to the screen house. The wastewater is generated from these processes. In general, it is observed
that some amount of water has been wasted through leakages.
Figure 4 Sedimentation tank
16.7. Observations against the environmental clearance
Limited initiatives to maintain greenery around the plant
Poor house keeping within the plant area
Raw materials are completely enclosed within closed yard
The vehicles transporting raw materials and finished products are not covered
Conveyor belts and MS chutes are not enclosed
Page 66 of 93 66
16.8. Recommendations
Both he observations and recommendations were discussed with the management. The
management has agreed to implement the recommendations.
Sl.
No
Activity Description Implementation
1 Controlling fugitive
emissions
The management shall submit a
comprehensive plan for controlling
fugitive emissions from the process and
its associated operation
The management shall
submit the dusts control plan
to NECS by June 30, 2009
2 Water Leakage
along the
production line
The management shall immediately
arrange to rectify the production line.
The management shall
implement it immediately
from the date of issue of this
observation
3 General
Observation
The management shall take serious note
of the general observation
The management shall
implement it strictly with
immediate effect
4 Environmental
Budget
The management shall maintain a
separate record for expenditure incurred
for environmental activities.
Report shall be submitted
along with dusts control plan
to NECS
In conclusion, the crushing and powdering plants are operating under the purview of same
environmental clearance, although it is located in two different areas in Pagli. The management
will have to clarify this with NECS through Department of Industries.
Page 67 of 93 67
17. Dolomite Powdering Unit of Jigme Industries Pvt. Ltd
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter Jigme Industries Pvt.
Ltd. Type of Industry
Dolomite Powdering
Plant
Location Pagli, Samtse Products Dolomite powder
Year of
Establishment June, 2005 Plant Capacity
85,000 MT
Commercial
Production Actual Production
Date of Monitoring March 23, 2009
17.1. Brief background
Dolomite powdering Unit of Jigme Industries
Pvt Ltd pulverizes dolomite lumps and fine
dolomite into powder. During the monitoring
period, five of the six pulverizer units were
operating. The production during the monitoring
period was about 115 MT per 8 hours shift.
17.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources
Dolomite is the raw material for the plant and is extracted from Chunaikhloa dolomite mine
which is operated by the same company. The following table shows the annual consumption of
raw material by the plant.
Sl.
No
Particulars Quantity (MT) Sources
1 Dolomite fines 85,000 Chunikhola Dolomite
Mines
Page 68 of 93 68
17.3. Potential environmental concerns
Following are the environmental concerns related to the operation of the plant particularly from
the production process.
Fugitive emission from transporting and loading of raw materails, transfer points, transfer
lines, packing process and leakages from pulverizers
Fugitive emission is also generated while transporting finished products from packing
point to the weighing scales
There is leakage from bag filter
Noise is generated from the pulverizing process
17.4. Positive impacts, if any
Some of the direct positive impacts include employment and socioeconomic opportunities for the
local people. The plant has total workforce strength of 40 people of which 35 of them are
national.
17.5. Pollution from the production process
The following table shows the pollution sources and control measures.
Sl.
No
Sources of Pollution Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive emission
from the materials
feeding hopper
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
loading materials into the hoppers
by loader
2 Fugitive emission
from the transfer
points
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
transferring raw materials from the
conveyor belt to the hopper
3 Fugitive emission
from conveyor belt
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
transferring the materials along the
conveyor belt
4 Fugitive emission
during packing
No control
measure
Fugitive emission is generated from
packing point
5 Fugitive emission
from bag filter
cleaning
No control
measure
Fugitive emission is generated while
cleaning bag filters
6 Fugitive emission in No control The movement of loaders within the
factory premises contribute to dust
Page 69 of 93 69
the plant area measures emission
7 Fugitive emission
from pulverizer
No control
measures
Fugitive emission are generated as
the Leakages from the pulverizer
8 Noise Emission from
the plant operation
No PPE No PPE are supplied to workers
17.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings
As there is no stack, sampling for stack emission was not carried out. However, it was observed
that the process generates fugitive emission. In order to determine the level of fugitive emission
generation, there is a need to carry out sampling.
Figure 5; Fugitive Emission
17.7. Observations against the terms and conditions of
environmental clearance
No Safety signs are posted in the premises
Poor implementation of OHS measures
Limited initiatives to maintain greenery around the plant
Poor house keeping within the plant area
Vehicles transporting raw materials and finished products are not covered
Conveyor belts are not enclosed
Spillages of oil and grease in the area
Poor sanitation in the plant area
No first aid kit available at site
Page 70 of 93 70
17.8. Recommendations
Both the observations and recommendations were discussed with the management. The
management has agreed to implement the recommendations.
Sl.
No
Activity Description Implementation
1 Controlling
fugitive emission
The management shall submit a
comprehensive plan for controlling
fugitive emission from the packing
process, materials loading, material
transfer points and lines, movement of
vehicles
The management shall
submit the fugitive emission
control plan to the NECS by
June 30, 2009
2 Leakage in
equipments
(Cyclones)
The management shall immediately
rectify the problem.
The management shall
implement it strictly within
three months from the date
of issue of this observation
3 General
Observation
The management shall take serious note
of the general observations
The management shall
implement it strictly with
immediate effect
4 Environmental
Budget
The management shall maintain
separate record of the expenditure
related to environmental activities.
Report shall be submitted
along with environmental
management plan.
Page 71 of 93 71
18. Pagli Stone Quarry
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter Pagli Stone Quarry Type of Industry Stone Crushing Unit
Location Pagli, Samtse Products quartzite boulders,
lumps, chips and fines
Year of
Establishment April, 2008 Plant Capacity
218,500 MT
Commercial
Production Actual Production
Date of Monitoring March 23, 2009
18.1. Brief background
The stone crushing unit within the mining area of Pagli Stone Quarry crushes quartzite to
boulders, lumps, chips and fines. During the monitoring period, the entire units were operational.
One additional screening unit was under construction. The production during the monitoring day
was about 200 MT for 8 hour shift.
18.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources
Quartzite is the raw material for the plant and is extracted from Pagli stone quarry operated by
the same company. The following table shows the annual consumption of raw material by the
plant.
Sl.
No
Particulars Quantity (MT) Sources
1 Quartzite of
construction
grade
312,000 Pagli Stone Quarry
18.3. Potential environmental concerns
Following are the environmental concerns related to the operation of the plant particularly from
the production process.
Some fugitive or workplace emission from feeding, transfer points, transfer lines
along the conveyor belt
Noise generation from the operation of plant
Page 72 of 93 72
18.4. Positive impacts, if any
Some of the direct positive impacts include employment and socioeconomic opportunities for the
local people. The plant has total workforce strength of 12 people of which 8 of them are national.
18.5. Pollution from the production process
The following table shows the pollution sources, control measures and observations
:Sl. No Source of Pollution Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive emission
from the materials
feeding hopper
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
loading materials into hoppers
2 Fugitive emission
from crusher
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated from
crushing of materials
3 Fugitive emission
from conveyor belts
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
transferring the materials through
the transfer lines
4 Fugitive emission
from loading
No control
measures
Fugitives emission is generated from
loading of finished products
18.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings
The monitoring team has not conducted any air quality sampling from the plant site. The
observations are based on the visual inspection.
Page 73 of 93 73
18.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of the
environmental clearance
No environmental clearance was produced at site to assess the observations.
18.8. Recommendations
Both observations and recommendations were discussed with the management. The management
agreed to implement the recommendations as follows.
Sl.
No
Activity Description Implementation
1 Controlling fugitive
emissions
The management shall submit a
comprehensive plan for controlling
fugitive emission from the production
process.
The management shall
submit the dusts control plan
to NECS by June 30, 2009
2 Environmental
Budget
The management shall maintain
separate record of the expenditure
related to the environmental activities.
Report shall be submitted
along with dust control plan
to NECS
Page 74 of 93 74
19. Chundu Dolomite Powdering Plant
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter
Chundu Dolomite
Powder Plant
Type of Industry Dolomite Powdering
Plant
Location Pagli, Samtse Products
Crushed dolomite of 25-
50 mm, 10-25mm, 5-
25mm, 5-12mm, 1-5mm
and 60-80 mesh sizes
Year of
Establishment October, 1999 Plant Capacity 40,000 MT
Commercial
Production Actual Production
Date of Monitoring March 23, 2009
19.1. Brief background
Chundu Dolomite powdering Unit
crushes lumps and fine Dolomite into
powder. During the monitoring period, all
three crushing unit were operational. The
production during the monitoring was
about 100 MT over the period of 20 hours
operation.
19.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources
Dolomite is the raw material for the plant and is extracted from Chunikhola Dolomite Mines
operated by Jigme Industries Pvt. Ltd. The following table shows the annual consumption of raw
material by the plant.
Sl. Particulars Quantity (MT) Sources
Page 75 of 93 75
No
1 Dolomite fines 36,000 Chunikhola Dolomite
Mines
19.3. Potential environmental concerns
Following are the environmental concerns related to the operation of the plant particularly from
the production process.
Fugitive emission is generated from loading, transfer points, transfer lines, packing
process and bag filter cleaning
Fugitive emission is generated while transporting finished products from packing
point to the weighing scale
Fugitive emission is generated from leakages of bag Filter
19.4. Positive impacts, if any
Some of the direct positive impacts include employment and socioeconomic opportunities for the
local people. The plant has total workforce strength of 40 people of which 6 of them are national.
19.5. Pollution from the production process
The following table shows the pollution sources, control measures and observations
Sl. No Source of Pollution Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive emission
from materials feeding
hopper
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
loading materials into the hoppers by
loader
2 Fugitive emission
from the transfer
points
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
transferring the raw materials from the
conveyor belt to the crusher hopper
3 Fugitive emission
from conveyor belt
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
transferring the materials along the
conveyor belt. No enclosures provided to
control the falling chips into the work zone
4 Fugitive emission
during packing
No control
measure
Fugitive emission is generated during
packing.
5 Fugitive emission No control Fugitive emission is generated from bag
Page 76 of 93 76
from bag filter
cleaning
measure filter cleaning
6 Fugitive emission in
the plant area
No control
measures
Fugitive emission generated from
movement of loaders within the factory
premises
7 Fugitive emission
from crushers
No control
measures
Fugitive emission generated as Leakages
from pulverizer
8 Noise Emission from
process
No control
measures
No PPE supplied to the workers.
19.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings
As there is no stack, sampling for stack emission was not carried out. The observation is based
on the visual inspection. Since the process generates fugitive emission, there is a need to carry
out samplings.
19.7. Observations against the terms and conditions of
environmental clearance
No Safety signs are posted in the premises
Poor implementation of OHS measures
No initiatives to maintain the greenery around the plant
Poor house keeping within the plant area
Vehicles transporting raw materials and finished products are not covered
Conveyor belts are not enclosed
Poor sanitation in the plant area
Page 77 of 93 77
No environmental clearance displayed at plant site
19.8. Recommendations
Both the observations and recommendations were discussed with the management. The
management has agreed to implement them as follows.
Sl.
No
Activity Description Implementation
1 Controlling fugitive
emission
The management shall submit a
comprehensive plan for controlling
fugitive emission from the packing
process, materials loading, material
transfer points and lines, movement of
vehicles and cleaning of bag filters
The management shall
submit the dusts control plan
to NECS by June 30, 2009
2 Leakage in
equipment
The management shall immediately
rectify the problem.
The management shall carry
out the required rectification
strictly within one month
from the date of issue of this
observation
3 General
Observation
The management shall take serious note
of the general observation
The management shall
implement strictly with
immediate effect
4 Environmental
Budget
The management shall maintain
separate record of the expenditures
related to the environmental activities.
Report shall be submitted
along with dust control plan
to NECS.
Page 78 of 93 78
20. Kenpa Pvt. Ltd
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter Kenpa Pvt. Ltd. Type of Industry Dolomite Powdering
Unit
Location Gomtu, Samtse Products
Crushed dolomite of 25-
50 mm, 10-25mm, 5-
25mm, 5-12mm, 1-5mm
and 60-80 mesh sizes
Year of
Establishment October 26, 2005 Plant Capacity 72,0,00 MT
Commercial
Production Actual Production
Date of Monitoring March 22-23, 2009
20.1. Brief background
Kenpa Dolomite powdering Unit pulverizers
Dolomite lumps and fine into powder. During the
monitoring period, only one of four units was
operational due to limited market for the products.
The production during the monitoring was 40 MT.
20.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources
Dolomite is the raw material for the plant and is extracted from Chunikhola Dolomite Mines
operated by Jigme Industries Pvt. Ltd. The following table shows the annual consumption of raw
material by the plant.
Sl.
No
Particulars Quantity (MT) Sources
1 Dolomite
boulder and
fines
80,000 Chunikhola Dolomite
Mine
Page 79 of 93 79
20.3. Potential environmental concerns
Following are the environmental concerns related to the operation of the plant particularly from
the production process.
Fugitive emission is generated from loading, transfer points, transfer lines, packing
process and bag filter cleaning
Fugitive emission is generated while transporting finished products from packing
point to the weighing scale
Fugitive emission is generated from leakages of bag Filter
20.4. Positive impacts, if any
Some of the direct positive impacts include employment and socioeconomic opportunities for the
local people. The plant has total workforce strength of 88 people of which 69 of them are
national.
20.5. Pollution from the production process
The following table shows the pollution sources, control measures and observations
Sl. No Source of Pollution Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive emission
from the materials
feeding hopper
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated
while feeding materials into the
hoppers by loader
2 Fugitive emission
from the transfer
points
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated
while transferring the raw
materials from the conveyor belt to
the hopper
3 Fugitive emission
from conveyor belt
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated
while transferring the materials
along the conveyor belt
4 Fugitive emission
during packing
No control
measure
Fugitive emissions is generated
during packing.
5 Fugitive emission No control
measure
Fugitive emission is generated
from Leakages of the bag filter
6 Fugitive emission in
the plant area
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated by
the movement of traffic
Page 80 of 93 80
7 Noise Emission No control
measures
No PPE is supplied to the workers
20.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings
As there is no stack, sampling for stack emission was not carried out. The observation is based
on the visual inspection. Since the process generates fugitive emission, there is a need to carry
out samplings.
20.7. Observation against the terms and condition of the
environmental clearance
Solid wastes are not properly disposed
No Safety signs are posted in the premises
Poor implementation of OHS measures
No initiatives are taken by the company to maintain the greenery
Poor house keeping within the plant area
Poor sanitation in the plant area
No first aid kit available at site
Page 81 of 93 81
20.8. Recommendations
Both observations and recommendations are discussed with the management. The management
has agreed to implement it as follows.
Sl.
No
Activity Description Implementation
1 Controlling fugitive
emission
The management shall submit a
comprehensive plan for controlling
fugitive emissions from packing
process, materials feeding process,
material transfer, and vehicle
movement
The management shall
submit the dusts control plan
to NECS by April 27, 2009
2 Leakage from bag
filter
The management shall immediately
rectify the problem.
The management shall
implement it immediately
3 General
Observation
The management shall take serious note
of the general observation
The management shall
implement it strictly with
immediate effect
4 Environmental
Budget
The management shall maintain
separate record of the expenditure
related to the environmental activities.
Report shall be submitted
along with dust control Plan
to NECS
Page 82 of 93 82
21. Damchen Dolomite and Mining Industries
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter
Damchen Dolomite
and Mining
Industries
Type of Industry Dolomite Powdering
Plant
Location Tashi Jong, Samtse Products Talc powder
Dolomite powder
Year of
Establishment
Talc: March, 2009
Dolomite: February,
2008
Plant Capacity 9,000 MT
Commercial
Production Actual Production
Date of Monitoring March 26, 2009
21.1. Brief background
Powdering Plant of Damchen Dolomite and
Mining Industries pulverizes dolomite and
talc lumps and fine into powder. During the
monitoring period, two powdering units were
under operation. The production during the
monitoring was about 12 MT of talc powder
in 8 hours.
Page 83 of 93 83
21.2. Raw Materials, annual consumptions and their sources
Dolomite and Talc are the raw material for the plant. Dolomite is collected from river bed and
Talc is extracted from Sadhu Madhu Talc mine operated by the same company. The following
table shows the annual consumption of raw material by the plant.
Sl.
No
Particulars Quantity (MT) Sources
1 Dolomite 5,000 River bed collection
2 Talc 20,000 Sadhumadu Talc Mine
21.3. Potential environmental concerns
Following are the environmental concerns related to the operation of the plant particularly from
the production process.
Fugitive emission is generated from loading, crushing and packing process
Fugitive emission is generated during transportation finished products from
packing point to the weighing scales
Noise is generated from operation of the machines
21.4. Positive impacts, if any
Some of the direct positive impacts include employment and socioeconomic opportunities for the
people. The plant has total workforce strength of about 11 regular staff from which 5 of them are
nationals.
21.5. Pollution from the production process
The following table shows the pollution sources, control measures and observations
Sl. No Source of Pollution Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive emission
from materials
feeding hopper
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
loading materials into hoppers
2 Fugitive emission
during packing
No control
measure
Fugitive emission is generated
during packing
3 Fugitive emission
from bag filter
No control
measure
Fugitive emission is generated
during the cleaning of bag filters
Page 84 of 93 84
cleaning
4 Fugitive emission
from pulverizers
Installed
control
measures
Leakages are observed from the
pulverizers
5 Noise Emission No Control
measures
No PPE supplied to workers
21.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings
As there is no stack, sampling for stack emission was not carried out. The observations are based
on the visual inspection. Since the operation of the plant generates fugitive emission, there is a
need to conduct sampling.
21.7. Observations against the terms and conditions of the
environmental clearance
No Safety signs are posted in the premises
Poor implementation of OHS measures
Limited initiatives to maintain the greenery around the plant
Poor house keeping within the plant area
Vehicles transporting raw materials are not covered
Page 85 of 93 85
21.8. Recommendations
Both observations and recommendations are discussed with the management. The management
has agreed to implement them as follows.
Sl.
No
Activity Description Implementation
1 Controlling fugitive
emission
The management shall conduct study
on the methods to control fugitive
emissions from the plant.
The management shall
submit the report to NECS
within 6 months from the
date of issue of this
observation
2 General
Observation
The management shall take serious note
of the general observation
The management shall
implement it strictly with
immediate effect
3 Environmental
Budget
The management shall maintain
separate record of the expenditures
related to the environmental activities.
Report shall be submitted to
NECS within four months
from the date of issue of this
report
Page 86 of 93 86
22. Lhachhen Mineral Industry
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter Lhachhen Minerals
Industry. Type of Industry
Mineral Powdering
Plant
Location Tashi Jong, Samtse Products Talc power
Dolomite powder
Quartzite chips
Year of
Establishment
May, 1992 (Shifted
to current location in
2001)
Plant Capacity 28,000 MT
Commercial
Production Actual Production
Date of Monitoring March 25-26, 2009
22.1. Brief background
Powdering Plant of Lhachhen Mineral Industry, previously known as Jigme Dolomite Crushing
unit pulverizes and crushes Dolomite, talc and quartzite lumps and fine into powder. During the
period of monitoring, four of the five units were operational. The production during the
monitoring was about 13 MT of talc power from one talc powdering unit for 8 hours.
22.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources
Dolomite, Talc and Quartzite are the raw material for the plant. Dolomite is collected from river
bed, Talc is extracted from Kharipakha, Chimana Drangra and Mow Tar Talc mines and
Quartzite is obtained from Tintaley Quartzite mine. The following table shows the annual
consumption of raw material by the plant.
Sl.
No
Particulars Quantity (MT) Sources
1 Dolomite 3,500 River bed collection
2 Talc 20,000 Kharipakha, Chimana
Drangra and Maw Tar
Mines
3 Quartzite 5,500 Tintaley Quartzite mine
Page 87 of 93 87
22.3. Potential environmental concerns
Following are the environmental concerns related to the operation of the plant particularly from
the production process.
Fugitive emission is generated from loading, crushing and packing process
Fugitive emission is generated during transportation finished products from
packing point to the weighing scales
Noise is generated from operation of the machines
22.4. Positive impacts, if any
Some of the direct positive impacts include employment and socioeconomic opportunities for the
local people. The plant has total workforce strength of about 200 people of which 35 of them are
national.
22.5. Pollution from the production process
The following table shows the pollution sources, control measures and observations
Sl. No Source of Pollution Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive emission
from materials
feeding hopper
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
loading materials into hoppers
2 Fugitive emission
during packing
No control
measure
Fugitive emission is generated
during packing
3 Fugitive emission
from bag filter
cleaning
No control
measure
Fugitive emission is generated
during the cleaning of bag filters
4 Fugitive emission
from pulverizers
Installed
control
measures
Leakages are observed from the
pulverizers
5 Noise Emission No Control
measures
No PPE supplied to workers
22.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings
As there is no stack, sampling for stack emission was not carried out. The observation is based
on the visual inspection. Since the operation of the plant generates fugitive emission, there is a
need to conduct sampling
Page 88 of 93 88
22.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of
environmental clearance
No Safety signs in the premises
Poor implementation of OHS measures
Poor house keeping within the plant area
Raw materials are not completely enclosed within closed yard
Vehicles transporting raw materials are not covered
Spillages of oil and grease in the area
Poor sanitation in the plant area
No environmental clearance at site
Factory floor is not concreted
22.8. Recommendations
Both the observations and recommendations were discussed with the management. The
management has agreed to implement them as follow.
Page 89 of 93 89
Sl.
No
Activity Description Implementation
1 Controlling fugitive
emission
The management shall conduct study
on the methods to control fugitive
emissions from the plant.
The management shall
submit the report to NECS
within 6 months from the
date of issue of this
observation
2 General
Observation
The management shall take serious note
of the general observation
The management shall
implement it strictly with
immediate effect
3 Environmental
Budget
The management shall maintain
separate record of the expenditures
related to the environmental activities.
Report shall be submitted to
NECS within four months
from the date of issue of this
report
Page 90 of 93 90
23. Nob Minerals
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter Nob Minerals Type of Industry Mineral Crushing and
Powdering Plant
Location Tashi Jong, Samtse Products Talc power
Dolomite powder
Stone aggregates
Year of
Establishment
Talc: February 2008
Dolomite: 2002 Plant Capacity
Dolomite and Talc:
30,000 MT
Aggregates: 360,000
CFT
Commercial
Production Actual Production
Date of Monitoring March 26, 2009
23.1. Brief background
Powdering Plant of Nob Minerals crushes/pulverizes Dolomite/talc lumps and fines into powder.
It also crushes boulders into aggregates. During the monitoring period, stone crusher and talc
powdering units were under operation. The production during the monitoring was about 10 MT
in 8 hours.
23.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources
Dolomite, Talc and Quartzite are the raw material for the plant. Dolomite and boulders are
collected from river bed and Talc is extracted from Soilaykhola Talc mine. The following table
shows the annual consumption of raw material by the plant.
Sl.
No
Particulars Quantity (MT) Sources
1 Dolomite 11,000 River bed collection
2 Talc 4,000 Soilaykhola Talc Mine
3 Boulders 360,000 CFT River bed collection
Page 91 of 93 91
23.3. Potential environmental concerns
Following are the environmental concerns related to the operation of the plant particularly from
the production process.
Fugitive emission is generated from loading, crushing and packing process
Fugitive emission is generated during transportation finished products from packing
point to the weighing scales
Noise is generated from operation of the machines
23.4. Positive impacts, if any
Some of the direct positive impacts include employment and socioeconomic opportunities for the
local people. The plant has total workforce strength of about 11 regular staff from which 5 of
them are nationals.
23.5. Pollution from the production process
The following table shows the pollution sources, control measures and observations
Sl. No Source of Pollution Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive emission
from materials
feeding hopper
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
loading materials into hoppers
2 Fugitive emission
during packing
No control
measure
Fugitive emission is generated
during packing
3 Fugitive emission
from bag filter
cleaning
No control
measure
Fugitive emission is generated
during the cleaning of bag filters
4 Fugitive emission
from pulverizers
Installed
control
measures
Leakages are observed from the
pulverizers
5 Noise Emission No Control
measures
No PPE supplied to workers
Page 92 of 93
23.6. Possible Pollutants Monitored and Findings
As there is no stack, sampling for stack emission was not carried out. The observation is based on the
visual inspection. Since the operation of the plant generates fugitive emission, there is a need to
conduct sampling.
23.7. Observations against the terms and conditions of environmental
clearance
No Safety signs are posted in the premises
Poor implementation of OHS measures
Limited initiatives to maintain greenery around the plant
Poor house keeping within the plant area
Raw materials are not stocked within the closed yard
Page 93 of 93
23.8. Recommendations
Both the observations and recommendations were discussed with the management. The management
has agreed to implement them as follow.
Sl.
No
Activity Description Implementation
1 Controlling fugitive
emission
The management shall conduct study
on the methods to control fugitive
emissions from the plant.
The management shall
submit the report to NECS
within 6 months from the
date of issue of this
observation
2 General
Observation
The management shall take serious note
of the general observation
The management shall
implement it strictly with
immediate effect
3 Environmental
Budget
The management shall maintain
separate record of the expenditures
related to the environmental activities.
Report shall be submitted to
NECS within four months
from the date of issue of this
report