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COMPUTER
TERMINOLOGY
Defining Computer Terms
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COMPUTER
A programmable
machine
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FILE
A collection of data,
information or
instructions
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FOLDER
A digital object (window)
that acts as a storage
container for files and
other folders
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BIT
the smallest piece of
data a computer can
process – a single on/off
switch represented as a
one (1) or a zero (0)
The word “bit” is a
contraction of the words
binary digit
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BYTE
A group of 8 bits
(8 on/off switches)
these 8 bits
together can
represent up to
256 values –
from 0 to 255
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SYSTEM UNIT
A container that holds
the main parts of a
computer
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MOTHERBOARD
The main printed circuit
board (PCB) in a
computer
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CPU
The “heart” or “brain” of
any computer system
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MEMORY (RAM)
“temporary” (volatile)
storage – content is lost
when electrical power is
removed – also known as
Primary Storage
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DAUGHTERBOARD
A printed circuit board
that provides additional
functionality to the
Motherboard – it
generally provides
accommodations for
adapter cards
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ADAPTER CARDS
Printed circuit boards
that provide additional
connectors to the back of
a computer -
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HEAT SINK & FAN
Two hardware devices
that work together to
keep the CPU running
cool
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POWER SUPPLY
Provides electrical
current to the main
components in the
System Unit
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USB DRIVE
A form of “removable”
storage that uses flash
technology
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HARD DRIVE
“permanent” (non-
volatile) storage –
content is not lost when
electrical power is
removed. This form of
storage is also known as
Secondary Storage
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MOUSE
A “pointing” device (a
form of input device)
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KEYBOARD
The #1 “input” device
used with a computer
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MONITOR
The main “output” device
used with a computer
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PRINTER
An “output” device that
produces a hardcopy of a
digital file
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SCANNER
An “input” device that
produces a digital copy of
a physical document