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CONCUSSIONS
BrainOn! Concussion Testing
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COMMON TERMS
Concussion (blow to the head causing the brain to bounce/twist within the skull)
TBI: Traumatic Brain Injury (Mild - Serious)
Sub-Concussive Hits
CTE: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
WHAT HAPPENS INSIDE THE BRAIN
HOW DO YOU GET A CONCUSSION
PLAYGROUNDS
FOOTBALL
SOCCER
CHEERLEADING
Youth Sports
Concussion: By the Numbers
•CDC estimates reveal that 1.6 million to 3.8 million concussions occur each year•5-10% of athletes will experience a concussion in any given sport season•Fewer than 10% of sport related concussions involve a Loss of Consciousness (e.g., blacking out, seeing stars, etc.)•Football is the most common sport with concussion risk for males (75% chance for concussion)•Soccer is the most common sport with concussion risk for females (50% chance for concussion)•78% of concussions occur during games (as opposed to practices)•Some studies suggest that females are twice as likely to sustain a concussion as males•Headache (85%) and Dizziness (70-80%) are most commonly reported symptoms immediately following concussions for injured athletes•Estimated 47% of athletes do not report feeling any symptoms after a concussive blow•A professional football player will receive an estimated 900 to 1500 blows to the head during a season•Impact speed of a professional boxers punch: 20mph•Impact speed of a football player tackling a stationary player: 25mph•Impact speed of a soccer ball being headed by a player: 70mph
Sports Concussion Institute
CONCUSSION FACTS
SYMPTOMS
HeadacheDizzinessConfusionMemory lossBlurred or double visionSeeing “stars”NauseaBalance problems
Change in balance, speed or movementNot paying attentionZoning out during gameLight sensitivityNoise sensitivityLoss of consciousness (rare < 10%)
PARTS OF THE BRAINFrontal Lobe: thought, reasoning, planning, emotions, problem solving
Parietal Lobe: perception of touch, pressure, temperature and pain; spatial processing
Temporal Lobe: memory, perception of hearing; language; recognition
Occipital Lobe: vision
Cerebellum: balance, coordination, timing
Cerebellum: balance
WHAT TO DO
Watch player after a hit to head
IF THERE ARE ANY SYMPTOMS, REMOVE FROM PLAY
Sideline Assessment--ask questions
WHEN IN DOUBT, SIT THEM OUT
Seek medical help if needed or if symptoms worsen
RECOVERYRest until symptom-free
NO stimulation: no TV, computer, videos, school work, or sports
Post-concussion testing
Do not hide symptoms
Second-Impact Syndrome
AVOID A SECOND BLOW TO THE HEAD
BACK TO SCHOOLCommunicate with teachers
Start with 1-2 classes or 1/2 day
WATCH OUT FOR:
Sensitivity to bright lights or loud noise
Decreased attention span; fatigue or distractions
Irritability, emotional, less able to cope
Inappropriate behavior
Inability to remember or learn new things
RETURN TO PLAYZurich Return to Play Guidelines
Stage Activity Objective
1. No activity Complete cognitive rest Recovery
2. Light aerobic exercise
Walk, swim, stationary bike
Increase heart rate
3. Sport-specific exercise
Moderate running in sport; no head impact activities
Add movement
4. Non-contact training drills
More complex drillsExercise, coordination, and use of brain
5. Full contact drillsFollowing medical clearance, normal training activitives
Restore confidence and assess functional skills
6. Return to play Normal game play
BrainOn!CONCUSSION
TESTING
REFERENCES
CDC - Center for Disease Control
Heads Up Concussions in Youth Sports
ImPACT Testing and Computerized Neurocognitive Assessment Tools
4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport. Zurich, 2013