FOREST INSECT AND DISEASE
CONDITIONS IN ONTARIO, 1983
G.M. HOWSE and M.J. APPLEJOHN
GREAT LAKES FOREST RESEARCH CENTRE
CANADIAN FORESTRY SERVICE
GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
1984
MISCELLANEOUS REPORT NO. 16
©Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1984
Catalogue No. Fo29-8/16E
ISBN 0-662-13562-8
ISSN 0826-0222
Additional copies of this publication
are available at no charge from:
Great Lakes Forest Research Centre
Canadian Forestry Service
Government of Canada
P.O. Box 490
Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
PSA SM7
ABSTRACT
This report reviews the status of major forest insects and diseases
in Ontario in 1983 and for some pests provides a forecast of conditions for 1984. Seven major forest insects (three coniferous and rour decidu ous) , three tree diseases (coniferous) and two abiotic conditions are
discussed in detail; many other noteworthy insects and diseases are listed in tabular form. Special surveys and insect control programs
conducted in 1983 are described. More detailed information is available
on request from the Great Lakes Forest Research Centre.
RESUME
Ce rapport fait le point sur les insectes et les maladies majeurs des arbres en Ontario en 1983 ec presente, pour certains ravageurs, une prevision des conditions pour 1984. Sept insectes importants (trois
ravageurs des coniferes et quatre des feuillus), trois maladies (des coniferes) et deux conditions abiotiques font l'objet d'une analyse detaillee; beaucoup d'autres insectes sont decrits sous forme de tableau. Des programmes speciaux de repression realises en 1983 sont examines.
Des donnees plus detainees peuvent etre obtenues au Centre de recherches
forestieres des Grands Lacs.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors of this report wish to acknowledge the contribution of
all members of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey Unit at the Great
Lakes Forest Research Centre and the support and cooperation of the
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
MAJOR FOREST INSECTS
Comjerous
Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) .... 3
Jack Pine Budworm, Ckoristoneura pinus pinus Free. . . .
Swaine Jack Pine Sawfly, Heodtprion swainei Midd. ... 10
Deciduous • H
Birch Skeletonizer, Bucoulatrix aanadensisella Cham. . . 11
Oak Leaf Shredder, Croesia semipurpurana (Kft.) .... 11
Gypsy Moth, Lyrrantria dispav (L.) 13
Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malaacsoma disstria Hbn. ... 16
MAJOR FOREST DISEASES 18
Coniferous 18
Scleroderris Canker, Grermeniella abiet-Cna (Lagerb.)
Morelet . . 18
Larch Needle Cast, Meria lariais Vuill 18
Tip Blight, Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko. and Sutt 19
ABIOTIC 20
Needle Droop 20
Drought Damage
SPECIAL SURVEYS 23
White Pine Plantations 23
Black Spruce Plantations 24
Seed and Cone Pests of White Pine 26
Seed and Cone Pests of Black Spruce 27
CONTROL PROGRAMS 29
Spruce Budworm 29
Oak Leaf Shredder 30
OTHER NOTEWORTHY INSECTS AND DISEASES 31
INTRODUCTION
The primary objective of Che Forest Insect and Disease Survey Unit
(FIDS) at the Great Lakes Forest Research Centre is to provide accurate
and timely information on the kind, severity, extent and impact of forest
insect and disease problems in Ontario. This objective is accomplished
through a process of field and laboratory activities that involves detec
tion, identification, evaluation and prediction of forest pest conditions
in the province. Basically, the information collected is used to develop
and adjust federal forest protection research programs and to assist in
the improvement of provincial forest management and protection practices.
In addition, the FIDS Unit has a number of other closely related respon
sibilities including assistance to the province on pest control opera
tions, public pest extension services, assistance in plant quarantine
activities and the conduct of special surveys as necessary. The Unit
also does research in sampling methodology, damage appraisal and other
areas to improve its own efficiency and to assist in a national effort
to develop better pest surveys.
The support and cooperation of the Ontario Ministry of Natural
Resources <OMNR) at all levels, districts, regions and headquarters are
particularly noteworthy. The provision of several hundred hours of
flying time and other forms of aid enable the FIDS Unit to do a better
job than would otherwise be possible.
This report is a summary of the records and reports submitted by
survey technicians who were assigned as follows to OMNR forest regions
in the 1983 field season.
R.J. Sajan and D.C. Constable
W.D. Biggs and V. Jansons
L.S. MacLeod, C.G. Jones and A.J. Keizer
M.J. Thomson and E.J. Czerwinski
H.J. Weir (retired 6 October 1983) and
H. Brodersen
W.A. Ingram
H.J. Evans and C.A. Barnes
Northwestern
North Central
Northern
Northeastern
Algonquin
Eastern
Central and Southwestern
- 2 -
Health problems were experienced by H.J. Weir in the summer of 1983.
As a consequence, his field activities were severely curtailed and
eventually he retired in October, 1983. H.D. Lawrence replaced Mr. Weir
for about 8 weeks, from late May to mid-July.
Other staff of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey Unit for Che
1983-1984 fiscal year were as follows:
M.J. Applejohn, Chief of Survey Field Technicians
L. Cree, Curator, Insect Collection and Herbarium
E.B. Dorworth, Mycology, Culture Technician
H.L. Gross, Pathologist
G.M. Howse, Entomologist and Unit Head
H.D. Lawrence, Insect Control Technician
R.K. McCron, Damage Appraisal Technician
J.H. Heating, Insect Concrol Officer
Z.M. Hoynan, Secretary
D.T. Myren, Mycologist
K.L. Nystrora, Insect Identification Officer
D.B. Roden, Insect Damage Appraisal Officer
P.D. Syme, Entomologist
- 3 -
MAJOR FOREST INSECTS
Con-ifevous
Spruce Budworm, Chorzsioneura fumiferana (Clem.)
In 1983, Che overall area that sustained moderate-to-severe buri-
wona defoliation increased by over a million ha to 9,039,862 ha (Fig. 1),
reversing a downward trend which began in 1981 (Table 1). Budworm-
associated tree mortality also rose in 1983 and now encompasses an ares
of approximately 12,119,710 ha (Fig. I), an increase of some 485,710 ha
(Table 2).
Table 1. Area of forest defoliated by spruce budwora in Ontario between
1981 and 1983.
Gross area of moderate-to-severe
defoliation (000,000 ha)
Outbreak Change
region 1981 1982 1983 in 1983
Northwestern .658 .931 2.181 + 1.250
Northeastern 16.958 6.669 6.451 - 0.218
Southern .601 .423 0.408 - 0.015
Total 18.217 8.023 9.040 + 1.017
Table 2. Comparison of the area of budworm-associated tree mortality in
Ontario in 1982 and 1983.
Gross area of budworm-associated
mortality (000,000 ha) Outbreak —
region 1982 1983 Change
Northwestern 0.150 0.191 +0.041
Northeastern 9.934 10.355 + 0.421
Southern 1.550 1.573 + Q.023
Total 11.634 12.119 + 0.485
PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS AND DISTRICTS
KEGIDNS:
Figure 1
SPRUCE BUDVIORM DAMAGE, 1933
Areas within which moderate-
to-severe current defoliation
occurred
or •
D SD WO
1, NORTHWESTERN
2, NDfiTK CENTRAL
3, NORTHERN
5. ALGONQUIN
6, EASTERN
7 CENTHAL
B, SOUTHWESTERN
i
■p-
t
PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATIVE
REGIONS AND DISTRICTS
REGIONS
1 NORTHWESTERN
2 NORTH CENTRAL
3 NDRTHERN
4 NORTHEASTERN
5 ALGONQUIN
6 EASTERN
7. CENTRAL
8. SQUTHWCSTfHN
Figure 2
1983
Spruce Bud wo rm
Areas within which balsam
fir mortality occurs or
- 6 -
The figures presented in Table 2 and elsewhere in this report repre
sent gross areas within which stands of the major host species — balsam
fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill.), white spruce (Fiaea glauaa [Moench]
Voss), and black spruce (Ficea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) — showed evidence
of moderate-to-severe defoliation or mortality in the course of aerial
surveys. These are performed in early or mid-July when the character
istic discoloration of budworm-damaged foliage is at its peak. Flying
time is provided by OMNR. Ground checks are carried out before and
after the surveys to substantiate aerial findings.
The spruce budworm outbreak in Ontario occurs in three major geo
graphical areas: northwestern Ontario (mainly the Northwestern and
North Central regions), northeastern Ontario (the Northeastern and North
ern regions) and southern Ontario (primarily the Algonquin Region).
The weather during April, May and early June remained cool and wet
following an unusually mild winter. As a result, budworm development,
particularly in the more northern areas, was somewhat retarded until
about mid-June when the weather changed dramatically. From the second
week in June through the remainder of June and July, temperatures were
higher than normal and budworm development was very rapid. As a result,
the completion of larval feeding and pupation was normal or earlier than
normal in most areas.
The bulk of the increase in defoliation in 1983 occurred in north
western Ontario where infestations more than doubled in size to approxi
mately 2,181,000 ha. The two large infestations, which straddled the
Atikokan-Fort Frances and Atikokan-Thunder Bay district boundaries,
merged and enlarged to form a single infestation stretching from the
Adrian and Marks townships area of Thunder Bay District to the Rowan-
Kakagi lakes area of Kenora District and encompassing an area totalling
some 1,722,000 ha. A number of small pockets of moderate-to-severe
defoliation occurred around the main body of this infestation, affecting a total area of 55,456 ha in the Kenora, Fort Frances, Ignace, Atikokan
and Thunder Bay districts. The infestation in the Poshkokagan Lake-Black
Sturgeon Lake area of Thunder Bay and Nipigon districts expanded to the
east and north to encompass approximately 261,000 ha, an increase in area of about 136,500 ha. Isolated pockets comprising about 200 ha per
sisted on islands in Moar Lake, Red Lake District.
The outbreak in northeastern Ontario consists of two main sections,
eastern and western, along with a number of sizeable pockets in the northern part of the area. The western section stretches from the
western Espanola District through the Blind River, Sault Ste. Marie and Hearst districts to the eastern Terrace Bay and southeastern
Geraldton districts, affecting a total area of 3,987,905 ha. Within this section substantial increases in the area of moderate-to-severe^
defoliation were recorded in the Sault Ste. Marie, Hearst and Wawa dis tricts and somewhat smaller increases were noted around the western peri
phery of the infestation in the Terrace Bay and Geraldton districts.
- 7 -
These increases were more than offset by declines which occurred in
the eastern section of the outbreak. This section extends from the
eastern Espanola District through the Sudbury, Teraagami and North Bay
districts to the Quebec border, totalling approximately 1,754,259 ha of
moderate-to-severe defoliation. Substantial declines occurred in the
Sudbury, North Bay and Espanola districts while moderate increases
occurred in Temagami and Kirkland Lake districts. In addition, a number
of other medium-to-large patches of moderate-to-severe defoliation total
ling 616,176 ha were recorded in the Kapuskasing, Cochrane, Kirkland Lake,
Gogama, Sudbury and North Bay districts. The Timrains and Chapleau
districts remained virtually free of infestation but low populations were
present in a number of areas. Over all, the area of moderate-to-severe
defoliation in northeastern Ontario declined by approximately 218,000 ha.
Despite a small decrease (15,000 ha) in the total area of moderate-
to-severe defoliation in southern Ontario, sizeable areas remained
infested in the Algonquin Park, Parry Sound and Bracebridge districts.
Small pockets of infestation which occurred in the southern Minden,
Owen Sound and southern Bracebridge districts in 1982 subsided this year.
The total area of moderate-to-severe defoliation in southern Ontario was
407,494 ha.
As stated above, budworm-associated tree mortality increased in all
three geographical areas of the province and now stands at 12,119,710 ha,
a total increase of 485,710 ha or 4.2%. The largest increase (420,982 ha)
occurred in northeastern Ontario where there are now 10,354,982 ha of
tree mortality. In northwestern Ontario, budworm-associated mortality
increased by 41,417 ha to 191,417 ha. The smallest increase, 23,311 ha,
occurred in southern Ontario where the total now stands at 1,573,311 ha.
Estimates of the impact of spruce budworm, in the form of depletion
of primary growing stock of the three host species (white spruce, black
spruce and balsam fir), are summarized in Table 3.
Table 3. Depletion of primary growing stock by spruce budworm in
Ontario (000,000 m3).
As predicted in the 1982 report, growth loss and tree mortality for
balsam fir and, to a lesser extent white spruce, have diminished in
northeastern and southern Ontario where continued decreases in the bud-
worm populations have meant reduced stress on host stands. In contrast,
growth loss and tree mortality increased in northwestern Ontario where
infestations have been building steadily for several years.
Egg surveys were carried out and defoliation estimates were made at
595 locations across Ontario in August and September. The results of
these surveys and estimates show an overall increase in egg densities of
61% between 1982 and 1983. In northwestern Ontario, densities increased
by 75% over all, with increases occurring in all districts. Consequently,
infestations are expected to intensify, and the area of moderate-to-severe
defoliation will increase substantially in 1984 in this part of the out
break. In northeastern Ontario, results were much less uniform, with egg
densities increasing in six districts and decreasing in eight districts.
Over all, an increase of 23% was recorded. It is expected that areas of
moderate-to-severe defoliation will increase in the western portions of
the outbreak (Wawa and Hearst districts) and in the northeastern part of
the outbreak (Temagami and Kirkland Lake districts). Populations, and
consequently defoliation, will probably decrease in the Sault Ste. Marie,
Blind River, Espanola, Sudbury and North Bay districts. Increased
populations, based on a 35% increase in egg densities, are expected in
the Chapleau District, which has been free of moderate-to-severe defoli
ation for the past two years. In southern Ontario, overall egg densities
declined by 17% and this should be reflected in a continued decline in
the total area of moderate-to-severe defoliation. However, numerous
areas of moderate-to-severe defoliation will probably persist in the
Parry Sound, Bracebridge and Algonquin Park districts in the Algonquin
Region.
Jack Pine Sudworm, Choristoneura pinus pinus Free.
Populations of the jack pine budworm reached outbreak proportions
in 1983 following initial increases in 1982. A total area of 67,142 ha
of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) was moderately to severely defoli
ated in the Algonquin, Northeastern and North Central regions (Fig. 3
and 4) in comparison with about 1,000 ha in 1982.
In the Algonquin Region, approximately 30,200 ha (503 ha in 1982)
of moderate-to-severe defoliation were mapped along the west side of
Georgian Bay between Snug Harbour and Key River. The infestation
occurred in a long narrow band between Highway 69 and the Georgian Bay
coast and included parts of Carling, Shawanaga, Harrison, Wallbridge and
Henvey townships in the Parry Sound District as well as a large part of
Indian Reserve No. 2 along Henvey Inlet. A small infestation occurred
on Franklin Island in Georgian Bay. Egg surveys which were carried out
during August, 1983 indicate that infestations will persist and perhaps
expand in this area in 1984.
- 9 -
Northeastern Region "I
Algonquin
ReVaion
Figure 3
North Central Region
Figure 4
JACK PINE BUDWORM 1983
Areas within which defoliation of jack
pine occurred
Moderate-to-severe defoliation.... »
Light defoliation o
- 10 -
In the Northeastern Region, numerous small pockets of moderate-to-
severe defoliation, totalling 29,9.70 ha, were mapped as follows:
Sudbury District 11,840 ha, Espanola District 8,880 ha, and Blind River
District 9,250 ha. In addition, a small pocket of heavy infestation
occurred at Misery Bay on Manitoulin Island and a small infestation
resulting in moderate damage was recorded at Hiawatha Park in the Sault
Ste. Marie District. The number of egg counts in this area was somewhat
restricted because of the inaccessibility of many infestations, but in
those which were sampled it appears that the infestations will likely
persist at comparable levels in 1984.
In the North Central Region, aerial surveys revealed a single large
pocket of moderate-to-severe defoliation on the south-central boundary
of Quetico Park in the Atikokan District. This infestation totalled
some 6,970 ha in the Robinson-Basswood lakes area and extended south
into the Superior National Forest of Minnesota. Egg counts in this area
indicate that the infestation should persist at about the same level in
1984 and could spread slightly to the north and east towards the Sarah
Lake area.
Light damage totalling 150 ha occurred in several jack pine planta
tions in Huronia, Maple and Lindsay districts, Central Region. In Owen
Sound District, Southwestern Region, heavy infestations in 1982 declined
to light in 1983.
Swaine Jack Pine Sawfly, Nsodiprton svainei Midd.
The Suaine jack pine sawfly infestation in northeastern Ontario
peaked in 1981 when 5,699 ha of jack pine suffered moderate-to-severe
defoliation in the 3anks-Makobe lakes area of the adjacent Kirkland Lake
and Temagami districts. Populations began to decline somewhat in 1982
when the total area affected comprised 4,650 ha (see Fig. 4, Information
Report Q-X-350, Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in Ontario, 1982).
In 1983, populations declined to the point an which defoliation was
insignificant over most of Che previously infested areas. Two small
pockets of moderate defoliation totalling 518 ha persisted in the Banks-
Makobe infestation, north of Banks Lake. These were located in the
western part of Banks Township along the Makobe River and in Willet
Township, on the southwest side of Alexander Lake. Small numbers of
colonies were present in the remainder of the areas infested in 1982 but
in all cases defoliation was negligible in 1983.
- 11 -
Deoiduous
Birch Skeletonizer, Buooulatrix aanadens-isella Cham.
The current outbreak of this late-season defoliator of birch
{Betula spp.) began in 1981 when approximately 56,700 km of moderate-
to-severe defoliation were mapped, primarily in northeastern and
northwestern Ontario. That figure increased to about 82,300 km2 in 1982 more or less in the same areas but with an additional 100 km" of
moderate-to-severe defoliation in southern Ontario.
In 1983 the total area of moderate-to-severe defoliation was
46,517 km2 (Fig. 5). This was distributed as follows: Northwestern and
North Central regions 1,900 km2, Northern and Northeastern regions
37,465 km2, Algonquin Region 4,811 km2 and Central and Southwestern regions 2,341 km2. These figures represent a marked increase in the
area infested in southern Ontario (+ 7,052 km2) and substantial decreases in northwestern Ontario (- 23,100 km2) and northeastern Ontario
(- 19,735 km2).
Oak Leaf Shredder, Croesi-a setm-purpia'ana (Kft.)
Populations of the oak leaf shredder, a serious and widespread pest
of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) in Ontario, have been on the decline since
1981. Egg surveys carried out in the fall of 1982 indicated that popula
tions would generally remain low in the province with the exception of a
few areas in the Central Region. The most significant of these was in
the Dufferin County Forest and the adjacent Simcoe County Forest in
Tosorontio and Mulmur townships, where valuable stands of red oak were
affected. Following egg hatch during the second week in May, populations
developed as forecasted. On 24 and 25 May, 0MNR treated approximately
579 ha of red oak stands in the Simcoe and Dufferin County forests with
the chemical insecticides Sevin-4-0il and Orthene and the biological
insecticide Dipel 88, in an effort to suppress infestations and protect
foliage. Some success appears to have been achieved as egg counts
throughout the treated areas are considerably reduced in comparison with
those of a year ago. Elsewhere in the Central Region populations
increased marginally in the Huronia District and declined somewhat in
the Maple District. A few pockets of moderate-to-severe defoliation
occurred in Tiny Township and on Beausoleil Island in the Georgian Bay
Islands National Park, Huronia District while reduced but moderate
defoliation persisted in a few areas in Uxbridge Township, Maple
District. Apart from areas treated in the Huronia District, about 600 ha
of moderate-to-severe defoliation were mapped in the Central Region in
1983 in comparison with about 700 ha in 1982. Elsewhere in Ontario,
small pockets of medium infestation occurred in McLean Township, Brace-
bridge District and in Thessalon and Long townships, Blind River District.
A single area of heavy infestation, about 25 ha in size, occurred in
Hilton Township on St. Joseph Island in the Sault Ste. Marie District.
PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS AND DISTRICTS
REGIONS:
1. NORTHWESTERN
2. NORTH CENTRAL
3. NORTHERN
4 NORTHEASTERN
5. ALGONQUIN
6. EASTERN
7. CENTRAL
B SOUTHWESTERN
Figure 5
BIRCH SKELETONIZER
AREA WITHIN WHICH
MEDIUM TO HEAVY
INFESTION OCCURED
or
0 5G 100 200
- 13 -
During August and September, egg counts were carried out at a number
of locations in the Central, Southwestern and Northeastern regions.
Results indicate that low populations will occur at all sample points
with the exception of one plot in Awenda Park, Huronia District and one
plot near Fonthill in the Niagara District where moderate defoliation is
predicted.
The Forest Insect and Disease Survey (FIDS) unit maintains some 13
red oak plots in southern Ontario to monitor the condition known as oak
decline and to gather basic information on the condition of red oak.
When the plots were established in 1977, 100 live trees were marked in
each plot. In 1983, mortality among the 1,300 trees held steady at 9.2%
in comparison with 9.2% in 1982 and 7% in 1981.
For the past three years the FIDS unit has been conducting field
trials with pheromone traps to determine their usefulness in predicting
oak leaf shredder populations, and the possibility of their affording a
means of replacing the more costly and time-consuming method of egg
sampling now employed. This year's program concentrated on testing
different concentrations of pheromone and the results are now being
evaluated. Results to date indicate that a relationship exists between
the number of male moths captured and the number of eggs deposited.
However, more work will be needed to determine if this method can be
used as an effective operational tool.
Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar (L.)
Populations of this introduced defoliator increased markedly in the
Napanee and Tweed districts of the Eastern Region for the third consecu
tive year. The total area of moderate-to-severe defoliation in these
districts increased from approximately 4,800 ha in 1982 to 40,950 ha in
1983 (Fig. 6). The largest single infestation was located south of ths
village of Arden and encompassed some 27,722 ha in Kaladar, Olden,
Sheffield, and Hinchinbrooke townships. Three sizeable pockets of
moderate-to-severe defoliation totalling 3,528 ha were mapped in Kaladar,
Hungerford and Sheffield townships west of the main infestation described
above.
In the remainder of the Tweed and Napanee districts, 40 smaller
pockets were mapped from Mazinaw Lake south to Wolfe Island. These
ranged in size from a few to several hundred hectares with a total area
of about 9,700 ha. In the remainder of the Eastern Region, the insect
was found in varying numbers from Sidney Township, Napanee District,
east to the Quebec border.
EASTERN REGION
32
Kilometres
PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATIVE
DISTRICTS
1 NAPANEE
1 TWEED
3 CARLETON PLACE
4 CORNWALL
5 BROCKVILLE
Figure 6
GYPSY MOTH 1983
AREAS WITHIN WHICH DEFOLIATION OCCURRED
MODERATE-TO-SEVERE ... ^ or •
LIGHT A
i
- 15 -
Various types of control operations were carried out in 1982 in
small incipient infestations which occurred in the cities of London,
Niagara Falls, Kitchener, Qakville and Burlington. All appear to have
achieved some degree of success as no larvae were found in 1983 except in
the Oakville infestation where Agriculture Canada personnel reported small
numbers of larvae at one location.
In 1983 the FIDS Unit and the Parks Branch of OMNR carried out a
larval and an adult pheroraone trapping program at most provincial parks
in southern Ontario.
The larval trapping method takes advantage of the fact that gypsy
moth larvae descend the trees during the day to hide. Strips of burlap
about 30 cm wide are tied around the trunks of oak trees with a cord in
the centre and the top half folded over the bottom half. Gypsy moth lar
vae take shelter under the strips and are easily captured. FIDS rangers
and parks personnel deployed 10 burlap traps in each of 71 parks selected
in southern Ontario. Parks personnel inspected the traps periodically
during the larval feeding period and suspect larvae were forwarded to the
Sault Ste. Marie laboratory for identification. Positive catches were
made at the following seven provincial parks in the Eastern Region:
Carillon, Silver Lake, Sharbot Lake, Sandbanks, Frontenac, Fitzroy and
Bon Echo. Results at all other parks were negative.
A pheromone trapping program designed to catch male moths was car
ried out at each provincial park in southern Ontario where larval trapping
took place. At each park, FIDS and/or parks personnel deployed two phero
mone traps. Wherever possible, one trap was placed near the entrance to
the park and the other in a camping area. The traps were left in place
during the entire adult flight period and collected late in the field
season. Captures of adult moths were confirmed at the Sault Ste. Marie
laboratory. Positive catches were made at 27 of the 71 parks where
trapping was carried out.
As expected, the largest numbers were caught in parks in the Eastern
Region where the insect has been present for several years. However,
significant numbers of adults were also captured from a number of other
parks as follows: Silent Lake (29) (Bancroft District); Darlington (11),
Emily (5), Marks Burnham (11) and Serpent Mounds (10) (Lindsay District);
Wasaga Beach (6) (Huronia District); Bronte Creek (25) (Cambridge Dis
trict); and Turkey Point (5) (Simcoe District). Small numbers of adults,
usually one or two, were also caught in the following parks: Mikisew
(Bracebridge District); Balsam Lake (Lindsay District); Wheatley
(Chatham District); Selkirk (Simcoe District); Craigleith (Owen Sound
District); Awenda, Bass Lake, Devils Glen, and Springwater (Huronia
District); Killbear (Parry Sound District); and Kearny Lake, Lake of
Two Rivers, Hew Lake, Coon Lake and Rock Lake campgrounds in Algonquin
Park (Algonquin Park District).
- 16 -
Since 1979, FIDS staff have carried out a separate gypsy moth phero-
mone trapping program in northern Ontario in cooperation with Agriculture
Canada. Some 90 pheromone traps were deployed in 35 provincial parks and
private campgrounds in the Northern, North Central and Northeastern
regions in 1983. Particular attention in the form of extra traps was
paid to White Lake Provincial Park in the Wawa District where a single
male moth was captured in 1982. In spite of this, the collection was not
repeated in 1983. Results from other parks were also negative except for
Samuel D. Champlain Provincial Park near Mattawa in the North Bay District,
where a single male moth was captured. Increased emphasis will be placed
on trapping operations in this park in 1984.
Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malaaosoma disstrza Hbn.
Populations of the forest tent caterpillar which have declined
steadily since 1978 continued on a downward trend this year. A total
area of 30,600 ha of moderate-to-severe defoliation was mapped in 1983 in
contrast with 103,700 ha in 1982 and 228,000 in 1981.
The largest remaining infestation is located in the Slate River
Valley, southwest of the city of Thunder Bay in the Thunder Bay District.
Here, a total area of 26,500 ha was infested in the townships of Blake,
Pearson, Crooks, Scoble, Gillies and Paipoonge. Populations which were
expected to develop north and west of the city of Thunder Bay in Oliver,
Mclntyre and Conmee townships failed to materialize although occasional
wandering larvae were observed at a number of points. Egg-band counts
made in September indicate that populations will probably decline some
what in 1984 and the area infested should also be reduced next year.
Populations in the Northern Region, which were expected to remain
unchanged or to increase, suffered a major decline in 1983. The infes
tation which persisted for a number of years north of the town of
Cochrane in Cochrane District and totalled 32,456 ha in 1982, collapsed
this year, and no defoliation was detected by aerial surveys. A new
infestation, detected last year northeast of the town of Matheson on
the Cochrane-Kirkland Lake district boundary, was expected to increase
this year, but instead it declined from 29,600 ha in 1982 to 4,100 ha in
1983. There is some evidence that inclement spring weather may have
been a major factor in the decline of both infestations. Early checks
showed relatively high emergence of larvae from egg bands but aspen
(Populus spp.) was not developed and indeed in some areas did not flush
until 31 May, a fact which suggests that many of the early-hatched
larvae starved to death.
Egg-band counts made in the infestation northeast of Matheson
suggest that high populations will occur in about the same area in 1984.
- 17 -
In the Northeastern Region the old infestation in Shakespeare,
Merritt, Hallam, and May townships of Espanola District collapsed as
expected this year. Only very low numbers of larvae were encountered
in the previously infested area.
MAJOR FOREST DISEASES
Coniferous
Scleroderris Canker, Overmen-Leila abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet
This coniferous disease is caused by two races of Che fungus G.
abi.eti.na. The European race has been detected in New York, Vermont and
Maine in the eastern United States, and in Maine, New Brunswick and
Newfoundland in eastern Canada. The North American race is widely
distributed in Canada although a large part of southern Ontario is free
of the disease.
In Ontario, surveys for the European race have been concentrated in
the southern part of the province, particularly the Eastern Region, which
is closest to infection centres in New York state and Quebec. Annual
detection work consists of an aerial survey of southern Ontario, with
follow-up ground checks of any suspect damage, detailed searches of some
70 large plantations, and visual checks of most pine stands encountered
by rangers during routine field work. In spite of this high level of
detection activity, which has been carried out annually since 1978, the
European race has not yet been found in Ontario.
Surveys for the North American race, particularly in northeastern
Ontario, were hampered in some areas by the presence of old needle droop
damage which occurred in the fall of 1982 and early in the 1983 growing
season. In 1983, reports of the North American race were received from
the Geraldton, Blind River, Sault Ste. Marie, Parry Sound and Bracebridge
districts. In most cases levels of infection were low and damage was
insignificant. However, in Bethune and Macauley townships, Bracebridge
District, single red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations had moderate
levels of infection although damage in most cases was confined to the
lower branches.
Larch Needle Cast, Meria laricis Vuill.
This needle disease of larch (Lavix laricina [Du RoiJ K. Koch) caused by the fungus Meria laricis was collected for the first time in
eastern North America in 1983 when it was discovered in a 9-ha European
larch (Larix decidua Mill.) plantation (12 m high) at the Chatsworth
Fish Hatchery in Sullivan Township, Owen Sound District. This is also
the first time that the disease has been found in North America on
European larch. At this location, 67% of the trees were infected, with
actual foliage damage of 23%. Follow-up surveys in other larch plantings
in the immediate area failed to detect the organism; however, it was
found at one other location in Harwich Township, Chatham District where
approximately 30 ornamental European larch, each 3 m high, were heavily
- 20 -
ABIOTIC
Needle Droop
In the late summer and fall of 1982, surveys revealed that the cur
rent foliage in 2,000 to 3,000 ha of young red pine plantations in the
Blind River and Espanola districts of the Northeastern Region had been
severely damaged by needle droop (see Forest Insect and Disease Conditions
in Ontario, 1982). Similar damage, though less severe and not as wide
spread, occurred in a few plantations in the Minden, Bracebridge and
Parry Sound districts of the Algonquin Region. Follow-up surveys carried
out in 1983 showed that in a number of areas in the Blind River and
Espanola districts, buds set in the summer of 1982 failed to flush in the
spring of 1983. This was a particular problem when complete bud failure
and tree mortality occurred or when the terminal bud failed, and loss of
tree form resulted. In some instances, the buds flushed but ensuing
growth was stunted and the new foliage became chlorotic later in the
summer. Evaluations carried out in a number of plantations showed that
the incidence of severe damage (terminal shoot destroyed) ranged from
0.6% to 59% and tree mortality was as high as 11%. The affected planta
tions will be kept under observation in order that the long-term effects
of this condition may be recorded. Some droop occurred again in 1983
although there were no new areas of severe damage.
Drought Damage
Unusually high temperatures and low rainfall during a large part of
the 1983 growing season caused varying degrees of drought damage across
the province. A variety of tree species were affected but generally white
birch (Setula papyrifera Marsh.) and trembling aspen (Populous trsmuloides
Michx.) and to a lesser extent jack pine and red pine were affected in
northern Ontario. Maple (Acer spp.) and oak (Quercus spp.) along with
white pine were damaged in southern Ontario. The trees affected were
usually growing on poor sites, such as thin sandy soils, rocky ridge
tops or lakeshores.
The most widespread damge occurred in northwestern and southeastern
Ontario. In northwestern Ontario, white birch and trembling aspen in a
large area from the Manitoba border east to the Atikokan District (Fig. 7)
showed early discoloration of foliage and premature leaf drop. Scat
tered pockets of jack pine and red pine mortality ranging from a few
trees to about 5 ha were detected in the southern Kenora and Fort Frances
districts. The total area within which this type of damage occurred in
northwestern Ontario was about 27,200 km .
In southeastern Ontario drought damage occurred in large patches
in the Cornwall, Brockville and Napanee districts of the Eastern Region
and the Bancroft and Minden districts of the Algonquin Region. Damage
- 19 -
infected. The disease has apparently been present: for some time at this
latter location, as a few trees have died and branch mortality is evi
dent on others. Leaf cast of larch is known to occur in British Columbia
and Alberta (on the B.C. border) on western larch (Larix oaaidsntalis
Nutt.) and is a serious pest of larch seedlings in the United Kingdom.
Damage caused by the fungus resembles that caused by frost, in that
needles turn brown at the base or middle of the new shoots and eventually
drop from the tree. Spore clusters are produced which emerge through
stomata on the lower and occasionally the upper surface of the needle.
These appear as white dots along the needle surface and are somewhat dif
ficult to detect. The fungus overwinters on fallen needles or on clusters
of needles which may remain attached to the twigs. Surveys will continue
in 1984 to determine the distribution of the fungus.
Tip Blight, Sphasropsis sapinsc (Fr.) Dyko.and Sutt. (= Diplodia pinea
[Desm.] Kickx.)
This disease has been detected with increasing frequency in the
southern part of the province since 1977. S. sapinea has been recovered
from most species of pine in Ontario; however, the native species, white
pine (Finus stvobus L.), red pine, and jack pine, rarely suffer severe
damage. Imported species, particularly Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.)
and Austrian pine (?. ruigva Arnold), are often severely affected and
instances of heavy mortality have been reported. In L983, high levels
of infection were reported from Scots pine plantations at several loca
tions in the Maple and Cambridge districts of the Central Region and from
the Wingham District of the Southwestern Region. Lower Levels of infec
tion in the moderate range were reported from Cramahe and Clarence town
ships in the Eastern Region. The incidence of infection ranged from 75 to
100% with mortality as high as 19% (Table 4).
Table 4. Summary of damage caused by Spkaeropsis sapinsa in five Scots
pine plantations in southern Ontario in 1983.
a more than 50% of foliage affected
PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS AND DISTRICTS
REGIONS:
1. NORTHWESTERN
2 NORTH CENTRAL
3. NORTHERN
4. NORTHEASTERN
5. ALGONQUIN
6. EASTERN
7. CENTRAL
8. SOUTHWESTERN
Fioura 7
DROUGHT 1983
AREAS WITHIN WHICH
DROUGHT OCCURRED
W> or •
50 100 200
I
- 22 -
was recorded within a total area of about 1,150 km2 in this pare of the province. The most severe damage occurred in Burleigh Township, Bancroft
District where evaluations showed mortality of red oak as high as
Less severe damage, usually in the form of discolored foliage on
single trees and small clumps of trees, was reported sporadically in the
Central Region and the southern part of the Southwestern Region. Simi
lar damage was recorded in the Sudbury, Espanola and North Bay districts
of the Northeastern Region and in the Nipigon and Terrace Bay districts
of the North Central Region.
- 23 -
SPECIAL SURVEYS
White Pine Plantations
A special survey of white pine plantations was carried out in
southern Ontario in 1983. This was part of a continuing program to
establish baseline information about a number of insect and disease
pests affecting the more important coniferous species in Ontario. White
pine was previously surveyed in 1980 (40 plantations, 6,000 trees) and
the results of that effort are compared with results from the 1983
(42 plantations, 6,300 trees) survey below.
The white pine weevil, Pissodes stvobi. (Peck), was the most abundant
insect encountered, affecting 426 of the 6,300 trees examined or 6.8% of
the total. This is a slight reduction from the 1980 survey when 8% of
the trees examined were attacked. The insect was found in 25 of the 42
plantations surveyed, or 60% of the total, in comparison with 53% of the
total in 1980. In most instances only trees under 6 m high were affected.
The most severe damage was recorded in Foster Township, Espanola District
where 60% of the trees ware infested.
The second most abundant insect was the pine bark adelgid, Fineus
strobi (Hartig), which was found on 343 trees or 5.4% of the total. This
was a marked decline from 1980 when it infested 12% of the trees exam
ined, and was the most abundant insect found. The pine bark adelgid was
present in 50% of the plantations examined in comparison with 57.5% in
1980, and was found on trees of all size classes.
Although the pine spittlebug, Aphrophora cribrata (Say), was found
in 21 plantations as opposed to eight in the 1980 survey, it attacked
fewer trees—251, or 4.0% of the total in comparison with 7% in 1980.
For the most part trees under 6 m were attacked; however, at one loca
tion in Edwardsburgh Township, Brockville District, 23% of the 15-m
trees examined were infested. In all cases, damage was negligible.
The pine false webworm, Aaantholyda srythroaephala (L.), was found
in one less plantation in 1983 (four in comparison with five in 1980),
but attacked more trees (193 in 1983 in comparison with 23 in 1980). Three of the four plantations affected were in the Central Region, with
the most severe damage in Bexley Township, Lindsay District, where 88%
of the trees were infested with defoliation averaging 46%.
The eastern pine shoot borer, Eucosma gloriola Heinr., increased
slightly in 1983, affecting 0.6% of the trees examined in comparison
with 0.05% in 1980. In both surveys damage was insignificant.
The following insects were also encountered in small numbers during
the survey: a sawfly, Aaantholyda sp. (one plantation); the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis Htg. (two plantations); the webbing cone-
worm, Dioryctria disclusa Heinr. (one plantation); the gypsy moth,
- 24 -
(one plantation) ; the pine bark weevil, P-issodss affinis Rand, (one
plantation); the northern pine weevil, ?. approximaius Hopk. (one plan
tation); an elm leaf beetle, Trirhabda borealis Blake (one plantation);
the pitch mass borer, Synanthedon pint (Kell.) (one plantation); and
the white pine needlesheath mite, Tvisetaous albovum Keifer (two plan
tations) .
As expected, the most important disease encountered in the survey
was white pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. It was
found in 17 plantations (40% of those examined). A total of 96 trees
(1.5%) were diseased and of these 52 (0.8%) had stem cankers. In 1980,
198 trees (3.1%) were infected, with 96 (1.5%) of these supporting stem
cankers. The highest incidence of the disease in 1983 was in a 12-m
plantation in Hagerraan Township, Parry Sound District where 15% of the
trees were infected, including 7% with stem cankers.
Foliar damage was present in 362 of the plantations examined. In
most cases abiotic agents such as needle droop or winter drying were
responsible for the damage; however, the needle cast fungi, Lopkodermium
sp. and L, niiens Darker, were each found in one plantation.
Armillaria root rot, Armillavia mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Kummer, and
basal stern cankers caused by a number of agents were found in two and
five plantations, respectively. In all cases, fewer than five trees
were affected.
Semimature tissue needle blight, which is caused by air pollution
(usually ozone or sulphur dioxide), was not encountered in the 1983 sur
vey. It was found in two of the plantations surveyed in 1980.
Black Spruce Plantations
A survey of black spruce plantations was the northern Ontario coun
terpart of the southern Ontario white pine survey. The results of the
1983 survey (38 plantations, 5,700 trees) are compared with those from
a similar survey conducted in 1980 (33 plantations, 4,950 trees).
The most abundant insect was the spruce budworm; however, it was
encountered in numbers considerably lower than those found in 1980. In
all, 362 trees or 6.4% of the total were attacked in 1983 in contrast
with 1,631 trees or 33% of the total in 1980. Budworm was found in
nine plantations in 1983 in contrast with 19 in 1980, and all but two
of these were in northwestern Ontario. This may be a reflection of
the spruce budworm situation in general, which shows that budworm
populations have generally been rising in northwestern Ontario and
declining in northeastern Ontario.
The yellowheaded spruce sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis (Ron,), was
found in 12 plantations and attacked a total of 128 trees. In 1980,
- 25 -
it was found in only one plantation and on 35 trees. Although the insect was present in 12 plantations, damage was minor except in Stock
Township, KirUland Lake District, where 72 of 150 trees examined were
infested and defoliation of affected trees averaged 37%.
The other three insects surveyed for, i.e., the white pine weevi.1,
sawyer beetles, Monoahamus spp., and the spruce coneworn, dioryatria rsniaulelloides Mut. & Mun., were of minor importance. White pine
weevil was found on 18 trees, spruce coneworm on 12 and sawyer beetle damage was found on three trees. The populations of all three were at
levels similar to those found in the 1980 survey.
In addition to the above insects, for which specific searches were
conducted, a number of others were also encountered during the survey.
Most were found in only a few areas and none caused serious damage. They
are listed below in order of abundance: pale spruce gall adelgid,
Adelges strobilobius Ka.lt., spruce bud midge, Rhabdophaga swainei. Felt,
a webspinning sawfly, Cspkalcia sp., eastern blackheaded budworm,
Aaleris variana (Fern.) and the fir coneworra, D-ioryctria abietivovella
(Grt.).
Spruce needle rusts, Chrysomyxa ledi (Alb. & Schw.) d By. and C.
ledicoici Lagh., were the principal diseases encountered in the survey.
A total of 1,003 trees (17%) were infected. Trees of all height classes
were attacked but defoliation was less than 10%, except in single plan tations in the Harmon Lake area of Thunder Bay District and in Floranna
Township, Chapleau District. In these plantations, average defoliation
was 16 and 12%, respectively. In 1980 these rusts were found in only three plantations and less than 10% of the trees were affected.
The only other diseases observed were Armillaria root rot, which
affected a total of four trees in three plantations in the Geraldton
District and dwarf mistletoe, Araeuthobivm pusillum Pk., which was found on one tree in Panet Township, Chapleau District and on one tree
in the Cushing Lake area of Thunder Bay District.
Winter drying was evident on 314 trees in five plantations in the
Northwestern Region. All were less than 2 m high and foliar damagewas
usually less than 2%. However, at two locations, in Furniss Township,
Ignace District and near Kawawia Creek in Fort Frances District, average
foliar damage was 18.5% and 36.2%, respectively. In the 1980 survey,
frost damage was recorded at a few locations in the Northern Region and
winter drying was not found.
- 26 -
Seed and Cone Pests of White Pine
This year the FIDS unit conducted a special survey of white pine
cones in southern Ontario. This was part of a continuing program to
assess the pest problems associated with seed production on the major
coniferous species in Ontario. Each FIDS ranger in southern Ontario and
the Northeastern Region attempted to collect 100 green second-year cones
which were shipped to the Sault Ste. Marie laboratory for dissection and
identification of pests. As a result of a very sparse cone crop in 1983,
it was not possible in most cases to collect the full 100 cones.
Of the total cones examined, 22% were damaged by insects with damage
ranging from 0 to 74%. Seed loss within damaged cones ranged from 0.1%
to 19.5% (Table 5). The principal insects causing damage included the
white pine conewora, Eucosma toaullionana Heinr. , the white pine cone
beetle, Conovhthorus conivevda (Sz.), the fir coneworm, the webbing
coneworm, Dioryctria disclusa Heinr., a dipterous larva, Ressalislla
sp., a cone resin mide, Asynavta sp., and an unidentified lepidopterous
insect which affected cones in three collections. Minor damage by
Cecidomyid and Dioryairza larvae which could not be identified by species
was also noted.
Table 5. Summary of cone and seed damage in white pine in southern Ontario.
ship
Si=icoe District 50
Cambridge Township
Cornwall District 20
Eduardsburgh Township 39
Brockville District
Kirk-.ood Tounship
Blind R],uer District 70
Gurd Township
Worth Bay District 100
4.0
55.0
28.2
20.0
12.0
0.1
19.5
10.5
12.3
2.:
Unknown, probably mecha
nical
Eucosrm toaullionana
Dioi-jozria abietivorella
Fesseliella ap.
tccullionana
i/r-la abietivorctla
Coiopht'nOTUB conicerda
tcculliontma
kirriS coniverdn
Unknown (mechanical>
Euconrm tccullicnana
Convphthorus coniperda
Total - 372 x ■ 10
- 27 -
Seed and Cone Pests of Black Spruce
A survey of black spruce seed and cone pests was carried out as
the northern Ontario counterpart of the southern Ontario survey of
white pine seed and cone pests. The methodology in both surveys was
similar. Each ranger in northern Ontario attempted to make two col
lections of 100 black spruce cones, one each from a lowland and upland
site. The cones were shipped to the Sault Ste. Marie laboratory for
dissection and identification of pests.
Over all, 45% of the cones examined were damaged by insects. The
proportion of damaged cones ranged from 17 to 81% for the 14 locations.
Actual seed loss within damaged cones was 18.6% over all and ranged
from 4.1 to 47%. The principal agents causing seed loss were as follows:
the spruce cone maggot, Hylemya anthraaina (Czerny); the spruce cone axis
midge, Dasineura vaahiphaga Tripp; the spruce cone gall midge, Dasinsura
canadensis Felt; the fir coneworm; the spruce micro moth, Paralobesia
piceavjx Free.; the white pine coneworm, and a dipterous larva, Resseliella sp. Unknown lepidopterous larvae, as determined by typical feeding dam
age and other unknown agents, also caused significant losses at some
locations. A more complex summary of the results at sample locations
will be found in Table 6.
In addition to the insect pests described above, the spruce cone
rust, Chrysomyxa p-irolata Hint., was recovered from one location in
Geraldton District. However, only one cone was infected and seed loss
attributable to the disease within this single cone could not be deter
mined.
Table G+ Summary of seed and cone damage to black spruce in northern Ontario in 1983.
a up = upland; low = lowland
1 ■ Ihjlemja anthracina
2 = Dasineura raehiphaga
3 = Diorycbria abietivorella
4 n Resseliella sp.
5 = Da'Hneuva eanadensis
6 ■ lepidopterous larvae
7 - unknown agent
8 = disease - Chryuomyxa perlata
9 = Kuoosma tooullionana
10 ■ Paralobevia piceana
- 29 -
CONTROL PROGRAMS
Spruce Budworm
In 1983, a total area of 3,502 ha in the Hearst District, Northern
Region was sprayed aerially against spruce budworm for the purpose of
preserving as much of the current foliage as possible. Some 2,600 ha
of commercial forest and 902 ha of high-value stands (provincial parks,
plantations and a moose yard) were treated with biological and chemical
insecticides. Included in the 902 ha were seven experimental^areas
totalling 340 ha that were sprayed with various Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) formulations. B.t. was applied operationally to 2,763 ha and
experimentally to 340 ha whereas aminocarb (Matacil) was applied
operationally to 399 ha. B.t, comprised 87% of the area sprayed
operationally in 1983.
The role of the Canadian Forestry Service (FIDS Unit, Great Lakes
Forest Research Centre) In relation to insect control programs in
Ontario is to provide the information required for decision making on
forest insect control programs and, specifically, to provide advice and
assistance to 0MNR in planning and evaluating control operations. FIDS
provides the biological information necessary for planning and timing
operations and biologically assessing the various treatments. In
addition, special surveys are conducted in sprayed and unsprayed stands
to determine egg-mass densities, current and accumulated defoliation,
stand condition and potential for future damage.
In 1983, budworm emergence in the Hearst District was delayed by
cool, wet weather by some two weeks or more and in several areas emergence
did not occur until the first week of June. Warmer-than-normal
temperatures in June and early July tended to compensate for the cool
Hay temperatures and budworm larval development progressed rapidly.
Spraying began on 13 June when larvae were in third and fourth instar
and was completed by 20 June when the majority of budworm were in fourth
and fifth instar.
The commercial forest treated was in McEwing Township and consisted
of 1,390 ha sprayed with Dipel 88 and 1,210 ha with Novabac 3. Both
treatments were applied at 20 BIU/5.9 1/ha. Budworm populations were
low and results were fairly good in terms of foliage protection. High-
value areas treated included 123 ha at Nagagamasis Provincial Park (with
Dipel 88) and 40 ha at Fushimi Provincial Park (with Novabac 3). Both
applications were 20 BIU/5.9 1/ha, and in both cases, budworm populations
were low and foliage protection was good. White spruce plantations in
Rogers Township totalling 214 ha and a 185-ha moose yard in Chelsea
Township were treated with Matacil at 90 g/3.0 L/ha. In both cases,
populations were moderate to high. Foliage protection was excellent in
the plantations but poor in the moose yard.
- 30 -
Six experimental trials totalling 280 ha and involving several
formulations of Dipel .88 (6L and 8L) were carried out in white spruce
plantations in Rogers Township. Dosages were kept constant at 30
BlU/ha; however, each formulation of Dipel 88, 6L or 8L was applied
at two rates: directly from the barrel or in a 50:50 dilation with
water. Consequently, application rates varied from 1.75 L/ha to
7.0 L/ha. Resulting budworm populations were high; foliage protec
tion was variable but generally poor or moderate. A 60-ha stand of
mature white spruce in Frost Township was treated with Bactospeine at
30 BIU/4.7 L/ha. Resulting populations were moderately high, and
foliage protection, as a result of the treatment, was good.
Oak Lear Shredder
Defoliation by the oak leaf shredder is probably a major predis
posing factor in oak decline, dieback and tree mortality. Serious
damage has occurred in many areas in Ontario, and there is a history
of persistent infestations of this insect and associated species.
Between 1973 and 1980, almost 3,000 ha of oak forest in Huronia Dis
trict were aerially treated with carbaryl (Sevin-4-oil) and acephate
(Orthene) to reduce populations and minimize defoliation by this
insect.
In 1983, OMNR aerially treated 579 ha of oak-maple forest in
Dufferin County Forest and adjacent areas in Simcoe County Forest,
Huronia District. Acephate (Orthene 97 SP) was applied at two dosages
(.84 kg/9.4 L/ha and .56 kg/9.4 L/ha) to approximately 195 ha. Carbaryl
(Sevin-4-oil) was applied to 320 ha at 1.1 kg/9.4 L/ha. Dipel 88 was
sprayed on 64 ha at 40 BIU/4.7 L/ha. This is the first time that 3.i.
has been used against the oak leaf shredder in Ontario.
FIDS staff monitored insect and host development and assessed the
effectiveness of each treatment. Spraying took place on 24 and 25 May
when larvae were predominantly in the first and second instar and red
oak buds had flushed with leaves about 4 cm in length. Both Sevin and
Orthene (two dosages) were very effective in reducing populations and
preventing defoliation. In contrast, the Dipel treatment was less
effective but promising enough to warrant further testing.
- 31 -
OTHER NOTEWORTHY INSECTS AND DISEASES
Forest pests of less importance in 1983 are included in the follow
ing tables to provide information on the history and fluctuation in
populations of these pests.
Forest insect pests and diseases are listed alphabetically by com
mon name. Each organism listed is rated according to its importance
as follows:
A - of major importance, capable of killing or severely
damaging trees or shrubs;
B - of moderate importance, capable of sporadic or localized
injury to trees or shrubs;
C - of minor importance, not known to present a threat to
living trees or shrubs.
QTHEK NOTEWORTHY INSKCTS AND DI5KASER
r ,!'■:-.', or Disease Locality Rating
flan
alni Harr-
Ambt!rraarki.'d birch leafminer
PrOfunuaa thomsoni (Kotiow)
,"ii -'■ r-..i. beetle
americana
Amioflua root rot
Heberobaaidian annoBiun (Fr.) Bref
Anthracnoae
mbrinalla (Berk. & Br.)
alder
uTilte birch
;:u|K-n
pine
white aali
Ttivindm: Bny, Chapleau and Kirkland Lake
digtrIeta
Haratlion area. Terrocc Bay PUtrict
Kirkland Lake, Tlmralna, Cl
Gogaraa, Napanee and Cornwall dLacrl^cn
Hurtmld, Brockvllle onJ Cornwall
districts
Cambridge
?ire<ttj of aevtm
Incl Jence on ojien-grown t reed
11 fill C ~t o-tflodt- rnte defoliation common , E
on uiipun regeneration
Ci?n auuill, active pycketfl recorded
affect Ing sma 11 n:,- ■!■ ■ r . of
cruca In eeveral arudd
rmlllarla root rot
Amrilltina nulled (Valil ex Vr.)
Kuramer
miner
Ontario fFree.}
Aspen leafroller
Paeudexentnva oregonona Ulshm.
Balaam ftr aaufly
Neodiprion ohietie
declduEius hnJ
conlfercii.it; ■:■.-.
tzrembli i. ,:.;,,>■■;-.
fir
LInauay District
province—wide
acruas norctiern Ontario and
to Pembroke nistrlcc
Motiteagle Tup, Bancroft Diafrlc
Patience Twp, Hlplgon Diatricc;
Coldfleld Road area, Geraldtu
and along Huy 17, Terrace Bay IHdCrict
King Tvp, Haple Dlatrlct
Pa rfy Sound, Mlnden, Bracebridge,
AC Ikokan anil Thunder Bay districts
omiDynly fouitd i in uu,'ii>i'ii tlte district
Of the areas v..,;,.,?:.■.-,i only ';■',: A
produced poaitlvc iv^lts, with an
average infection of 1%.
Heavy damage to ocattered: regeneration B
MBjien u.ia common; an area of 3,000 ha
Wan aerially mapped In Eloux Lookout
Diutrlct.
lou numbe ro encountered
7 1-ia of .!■!--« .-.ii «■ Infeatatlon In 1982
reduced to light
trace to Mglit defoliation at a few
locntluna
I
(cone'd)
OTHER NOTEWORTHY INSECTS AND DISEASES (cont'd)
iFui f (-0 LocalIty Reraarlca Rating
Balsam poplar leaf beetles
CltryBometa app.
Attica populi Brown
m poplar leafblotch miner
PhyLlQnorycter nipigon (Free.)
Hneeuoad easebearer
Coieophora tiliaefoliella clem.
lenfroller
Epinotia eolandrisna L.
B(rch leafminer
Fenwta pusilla
balsam poplar Pembroke, Bancroft, Carleton
Place and Twiiiiil ■! L !< I r i.-1 a
and Napnnee dlatcicta
!:rr! ] = 11; 11.; I"
btrcli
poplar
white birch
Red Lake, Sioux Lookout and Ignace
diatrlcte
Zealand Tup, Drydttn
OcCaway end Clute cov
Fort Franceet aouthern Ofydun h
Uaua, Tcrroce Day t Chnplenu
and Cogaotfi ■!'.c L fictu
T ! u:ul 11 n , Temagami and Kltkland
Lake dlatrfcta
aoutltern Ontario
[] rtiL'iu.j lly heavy lEifeatatlons csuoed
severe browning of balsam poplar
wl tli In an area at approximate ly
27,000 ha.
scattered pocketa of moderate-to-
tevece danmEO ulchln an area of
about 4,900 ha
hlgli numbera oliservtd llironahouc thia
area
moderate population levels
high numbers
Feeding; In conjunct Ian with the fall
cankerworia, A. pcJraetOJ'tiJ (Harr.),
Cfl«iSei3 moderate ;k-l ;j M ,:t 1 oil 01
clunps ttf baLuce baaawood i r.-i-:i In
Morton and McNab toimabipa
reported tn low pumhers ttirougliou t
In^reaaed populatl cms but itaually at
low love la
htiavy Infestations In urban and fringe
.![<-.::■ ..■■:. ..usi Liil"iJUj;li>Hit. : ■](■:-:.■ l',- 10
fortiBt tcetfB reported In several arciis
lii the Central
U
northern Ontario particularly lieawy infestations In.
about 250 lm of forest tre<;e In the
Lake, Timnilna, Jlearet,
, Gogaraa and Cliapleau dla trlctsj
commun In varying degrees of
Infestation as Far ueac aa Acikokan
DlBtrlct
OTlltLK KOtLLUOkTHY INSECTS ANL> DISEASES
1I(kU(b) Local Icy Rating
Itlrcli Btiufly white tiireli Bruce FenlhhuIa, Owen S
District
ifiodcr.ittj-tn-aevere damage on
scattered tndivicinal treea at
several Incut lonri
Black knot cherry
Apiaspoi'inu rtorboaa (Schvr. J Arx
Bronze birch borer uhlte
rtrixtfrfl Cory
Brockuille
districCs
Fort Frnncte Ulatrlct
Cur letun
d 1st rlctsf
Red Lake
aiiJ Brockvl 1 1 e
'.-■■'! ins,'l<c i !, Oil in l:,i, i-:il « Li.
obaeirvi>d on
near Bear I'ouu
cntaJa
no Eurtlie r report after acrlauu
tlfimpf.e rdj<ort l'<1 In 19B2
Uroun spot needle blight
Ssivrhia tutiaola (Dearn.-) l
pine Bruce Tup, Owen Sound Dla lhmj isri!u of moderate ilanagc observed
(m ornaniujital BMl&hO j*lne In Inwer-
Imroii I'ruvliicf.il Pnrk
Cedar leaf ml rife fa
Argjfpenthta thuiella (Pack,)
A. cancvlen&iQ Free.,
A. aui'eoarQentella Bruwer, and
Pulioalvaria thujaella
cern uh 11
Amabc-1 Townuiilf, Owen SounJ
Tiny Tounahlp, Iluronia UidCrict
Central and Eastern rtiglons
Soutliueatcfn
from 19J11 and
Moderate-to-Bevere browning was
evident through parts of Canibrl dge,
" i ji 1 ■■ . llurunl a i n.i 1.1 niluay districts
t?Kti?nfllny to the RapeneB Tllstrlct
DanSQQ whs owstrly If glir ; however
Occasional amp 11 porkeca of moderate-
damage perB lateii
I
law pOpuiji Llfijia In •■'■' fiKi r-oi: i!iL't
Tehkumnuth tupu, Manlcoulln Island
n rTBBQbcarerr)
illa Clem.
CSicrry cafteb
(formerly
Coleophora
(formerly
Clierry ucnl lopsliell motli
llydria prunivpratQ Fer
Brniin)
poplar
white htreh
black cherry
'■' - '...:.., Hunger ford an d Kennebe-c
townahips,
. Huple Dlncrlct
\\-;l<'-.[■;, Combrldpe ond Owen Sound
totalling about 5 ha
Populations ci>ll«p»U!l-
1 ov populations commcin on scattered
1 ml I vl duo 1 t l '■.-.,
Cotnandro blister rust
cvmandr-ae 3*k.
Jack StiifHiolme Twp, ]\rnm\ IllBtrltt trace Infection recorded In ono
plantatInn
{eont
OTIIF.lt NGTEUORTMY INSECTS AND DISEASES (contMJ
or Dlaenae E.ocaUty i rku Rating
canker
kimzei- (Fr,)
Do cell elm
Ceratacyatio ulmi (EJulomO
C. Mornnu
hlacktieaded
o iram-ona C
elm
liemlock
ispriicc"
bulaan fir
firuvl-ncL—wlde
of Sioun Lookout und DryJen,
tuuntl of ■■.,[,.!!,!.!!,!;■:.... ',.'■: I. Rtiek Falls
,i:-. i Iroquoia FhIIh, Nortlierii Hl'eIoii
flay-Gleii Orciuiril
aFea, Elm re Irrlilg-e Dia
I'arry Sound arrd Mindcn
Aylwr, Muronla, Hearse,
uiil! liuindtT Hay dlatrictu
A .5-ha pocket of Infection
Including mortality Ml a recorded
In epruCL! 1-2.5 01 lit|',li tit km 67,
ColdHcld Kaad. fit-rnlt3ton Dlutrlct;
elaetrhere tlie d Iuasnl- uu» f«paru-i!
ut 11 j-^li i Infection- levelfl ■
range of afTcct^d trees aloillar
to (hat of pri;vioiin
found
tlllt lli.SL'ilSC LJLlt
■'■' ■■:-■ ■ ' '"■- > • • .i1 - ; 1.
ni>C found
mode rate- to-ueverc tit-1 fu 11 til I on of
scattered eastern hemlock over
14.630 ha
mn<lt! Ffl te ■■\i-.\ :. r-i- .1! bCVC I .1 1 ptil 11! 11 OH
SP*r.l 1 1 C lumps of L-uaLL'rn liL-ral ut'k
Lift it populatloiia occur re J on hoste
■it BC;itfi'i*4ii3 luCrtt I tinn.
Eon tern duarf tolatletoc
EBB torn pine aliooL borer
gtorvala Hejnr.
Kaatern D|*ruce gall -,■!■■!.. :i
ia (L.)
ttint caterpillar
Jack
spruce
f.
Iliatrlcc
11 or Eli urn Ontario
Mticrlct
Bout hueatern Region
■■■■;:..■!! Ontario and the Noctliudao
Raglan
pocket of 40 dt-oii tnsaa loc4tteJ
near C.F.B. Bordt;n
IMcM p'j|.;il..l !>■ !:■ ■ •■: .i!'.ii-,l In ttie
'■'{ l"1 i.ni.i Lake aiul : .■ l-_i»".-■ = ■■ dLtttrict
up to 151 of leaiicru were
; cumtnon flC low levels (less
of IchiIitm a[{icKi-i\)
very common on jJiifiroxImnLcly 2 lia of
sliorcllne trves at South Meat Lake
lif>;ivy on scattered trtue In
!11nta and FElllee l"|=Hj Wlngliam District
and on occdslomil trees nenr St.
Ullllacts. SIibkoc Itlutrlct
geneCall; increased popwlaCIons
(conL *
NOTEWORTHY INSKCT5 fiHD DISEASES
Insect ct
Elm
Colecphora
Bt(a ) Locality
Diairlct, Central .2 ha of Juvenile tlm with KOZ
(ollur ilnaipo nenr Vluelnnd; 1I>;1iL
<;.-.: L s.i_.
Kim T«:«fminer
tVnwfia itlmi Snnd.
elm Dlfitrlct, Southwestern Region
Centrul
O-iiMide f;ile dLLfo [ illt Ion flf
Hint;It tr*<ei3 iicnr tli^ town of Aylraer
lilgll ir,:..:! r i :; I-1--.M K I'orC Hi>JiO Hn4
Cabaurgi common In the ]lobcfty[;eon-
Fenelon Falls area, LindBJiy DiaLrlct;
lit-iivy damage (in clu rcftL-iierat 1 on at
acuttercd jiolnCe In rciafl litJor of Che
Eaacern ncattered heavy lnfeBlat1ons ranging
from . Ingle tre<?« Lu .b luJ In Hapance,
He apJ Cornurtll illtttrlcLa
n fruit lecanlum
i aorni Boucli6
flflTl pine needle mUi;«
bciet-t (Prui lj
roif
red |iine
Scuta pine
TV|i. Carleton Plact IHatrict
Eastficn
Kcglon
mL'ii In-rn I nfL'.L;! -:!-n vl thl u uci tired of
shout 5C5C5 ha
Jacnugu to (ip[irn»I-
mately 25 lid of ScoLa pine trees In
Sound UlatrlCt
pint!
sevtifer ((Jeoff.)
pi l
Region
n.Mii 1ji-i [i
Region
ino.Ji?rate-to-aevere." dautagc In apprOXl^
tn;itel/ 40 ha of Scottt pine plant at lone
in VrtnKotigluiet, Fenulck nud Jucelyn
twpa, Snult Ste* Mnrfc Ellatrlct
no ilarange evident In iir^no Inftfaied In
in North Buy and hlnpanalii distrlctfl
n :;■ ■!>«■: .■. .1 ' ■.■ very ■ .i'.n I b[ i tin:,
Low,
Ll^hC I ufu&irit loit rojulrcJ cunLrol
motiHuriid lit a 5-lia |)Inniati«« near
Lltcle Rapidfl, Blind Rlv«r DistcLcC
Europe"" pine etioot moth
buolicma (Sclilff.)
red pine Aylmef damage recurred in u J-tu
plantation himt Pcurcu E'rovlnclal
Park . Accumulated ■!..,!,■■■ ti.iri cnue
to be acvervly dlnturteJ.
(cont"dj
NOTEWORTHY INSECTS ANI1 DISEASES (cont'd)
Inaect or Disease Hoat(a) Locality Etcnnrke Hating
Fall en cite rworm
AlaOphilo. pomataria (Harr.)
deciduous
CTees
Fall WL'hworn
Hyphantria aunua (Dm.)
deciduous
trees
Ho [til we stern Region
Central Region
Algonquin Region
i;..:;!.■■ i .1 ■■'■..:. ■ . i.
A.! , ■. -, |i: I n Regiun
rmilt rate—to-severe dcfol lat Ion of
ornamental t ri-Bfl In the towns of
, ■■ i Trancca, Sioux Narrowii, Kcnora,
and SCoux l.ookoui:
totnJtrace-to-Btv<;re defr>ltoClon o
shoreline tre«fl along the Crand
HI vcr south of Cam bridge I i:
Ctimtirldgi? District end ulnng Cite
ij.li..■ i-,■ liivi-i from Fort Erie to
HI <i|>(ira-o:ri~t ho-t.nke
loth ni:,,!.:■:■. In fiorton und Mcllahb
I'tftnhroko tli&irlct
low levels En aruas where th la
pBflt occurrcii
inc I douce but &u tit; rally
light; hlfih nunbera In Burlulgh Twp,
ISHiicruft District
I
Fir concworts
Dioryatria aiiidtivorslia fCrt.)
oprncc
!;.■:.,: «-l ,l
Siv.i i fi-,.-.; i ur:i Region
Centrnl
Hortliw-eatern
*ji: s !iri'ii;;!ii'ii[ the
'; : [ iinlarly huj vy in Couliiij
on Place District
MiNivy itift'stjic Luns occurred La tlie
uoutti part of tne Reglflu; moderate
tnn common In Che
and Owen Sound -w -, ■ i i .-i ■:.
Jilgh iiumbyrb In I he north half of Che
Huron La Dint rtct; ^eneuLl ly LIgTiC thro
the reraalndet: of tlte Region
hlfjh llutntiere recorded a lung Kleen Loke
lln.iti, SInu\ Lookout Btetrict; coiamuii
th rough th«j ructkilndcr of the SI oux
Lookout, IglUCe mid Red 1,-ikt:
(cont'd)
NOTEWORTHY 1NSF.CTS AMD DISEASES (cont'd)
or Disease Local icy
Fir cijiicworra (cant.1*))
Diorrjatria abietivowlla. (Crt.)
FIreueed rtiBt
epilobii Otth.
black spruce
tiGlanm fir
, Terrace Bay, Hearst,
i:.!i'ii!,l'..'in [ny. ami Cochrnno districts
, Fore Frencte find Sioux
districts
ltem.irka
generally :;■:,, i! EtumbecB of
eni?o:iiitL' ruil
Aro.is i»f lilftli Infection uorc observed
along the Vermilion River, Sioun
nistrlct and liglic infections
recorded I" other areaa
RuLtug
Dryoccmpa rubiaunda
maple Region
HortheasLern Region
populations 1n Fore Frances
i iil !■;.[ ,.; 1. = n aver 450 ha in Selby
era.iS'™1 niaccict; tlght-to-
populjii 1 ana an locations in
!il In,I KiuLT and Smllmry dlatrictH
Couty oak gall wagp
Callirhtjtin pimatat<2 (0. & S.)
■■■■»L t■
I/alysidota cu.r\;ae (Harr.)
red onk
decliluoue
trees
FofL Frflnciifi DleLrlct
Brockville THetricc
ed Co fm «7ctunt of four to f 1 v
per tree over 0.5 ha in, At«ood
Tup
common on single trees along the
^L. Laurence Hlver; hlgli nurabura ulcliln
an area of 10 \m in rroutenac Provincial
Park
enrker
Itypoxylon
J.H. Miller
Ink spot
Ciborinia
S-eav.
(Soav.J
i a {: ■ ■ i:
province-wida
province-wlile
common at low Incidence In mosc
s t flnds ; drought may have j>reclpl tateri
nwrt u 1 I Ly of Infect ltd t rets In the
Eastern Region
!!.j:.i."i;.'cj who conf ined ma inly to ema 11
(l^tia) jioeketa of mydt; rn LC-Lo-hcvc Cts
dcf oJ ! aLon ; average miinher of trees
affected in Pembroke mid Algt
dJiitricla wna 17S with an aui
defoliation of 20%. Average
at Ion uaa G8Z In Kirkland Lake Uia-
trlct and 17Z in Timmlna and TerriugaiDl
(cont'd}
OTHER NOTEWORTHY INSECTS AND DISRASKS (co.it'(I)
tlDBC(9)
Introduced pine nrtully
[>ipri-on sinrilia (litfl.)
Imported wil low l*j*f
Plagiodera vem
Jack pine re&In mlil^
(Lslc-h.)
fo.s.)
.Inck pine rtawflleft
Nsodipr-ian prabti bnnkaianae Rah.
pratti paivdoxicrua
-Jack pine tip b««tifl
Conophthorue hankaianati HcFhecaon
Larch
Caieophora lariceila (Kbn.)
white pine
white pine
ul How
Jack pine
Jack pine
Jack pine
pitch pine
Jack pine
tamarack
larch
Dlutrtct
ara Dlatrict
Central Region
Place Dlntrlct
District
province-wide
Algonquin, Eastern nntt
re|Ions
Northern and Northeastern
nurtlicm Ontario
HfttI
]'..; <i! -,', Ions col M
flIb|icoyIciaLely l,?Otl Jm tit aiivere de
foliation C»P to flOt) on tjfflall
acHttereit iuinntlu til Llie SOatheflBt
],,.:■£ Mm of Lnk*-eF-tlie-'H«KlH
muderate t
Howe PraVlTtL-'tfl
mid in tlie Oak
District
heavy damage 1
^^a^lhclcc^l!;^l Tu
. of lenweu at Har.1
P«rk. lluronia Diatricl
a area of the Hapl
n 4-lia plantiition. in
■nodf tiite-CQ-actfi'-rf nhoot d^uK
a number of loLmtlons in tht
Ramsoy area; llfilit djtmrtge common
wht-re In the illacrlcC
nii(3b<? re report if
lt iO119
several
lou number a In n«K"t Twp, Pemhrokc:
[llntrlct; trarep on pitch pine in
j'iu!;ii6t't Twp, Druckville nisCrlct
iiiu! ocCrtsiofial colonlte on jack pine
Jti the Dorchester urea, Aylmer IHatrict
numbers In a total
of about 45 hfl of planted treee In
Ivjinhoe Tup, CftJLpltfuii Dletrlct,
Victoria Tup, StiJlmry Dlfltritrt,
Curd Tup, North Bdy District and
TL-mpletnn TWp, IloHfflt District
populations raeatned very low.
NGTKWORTHY IW8ECTS AND DISEASES
Insect or
Larch caaebearec
Ccleophcra lar (llbn.
Latch tamarack
eriahaonii (Jltg.)
Large .-ig;jie-■»
ChoriatoKeuva
Leaf-blister funguB
Taffhrinti daerulefiaenB
CMont. £ Besin.) Till
fminer on oak
(Wlk.) ae pen
red Oak
red oak
Locality
Southwestern Region
Central
Eastern
Algonquin Region
Central Region
Cwntrul Heglon
Northeastern
:iora and Niagara districts
RheC
!-.■■.! i n . Inf estacioiifl on roadside
ornamciita !a In Aylmer an*) Ulnglines
district a
moderate find lienvy brouulng In a total
of 35 lia u[ several lontlona in tliu
pockotu of tieavy damage in areas
totalling 20 ha
mndt;r.ite-tu-heavy defoliation In llafvcy
Twp, MInclen District
up to POX defoliation in tun ue|iarate
areas tnLiilllrig 7 lie lr feraldton
His 11"£ tt; ino-dcra te-to-upvere damage I n
arens coCulling 7 ha in Tlnmiltr llay
Pistrjet
iimjill, eovorcly Itilested pocket a of
1 ha tn HorlfiJT TVp, Fort Franqea District
and In Corman Tup, Ignace DlatrlcC
:!t-r ) ] ill njj populations^ If fill c-to-mod*; rate
ilnin.i^e on 5 ha of larch plantations
Moderate inf L-e LAC Ion recurred In over
100 ha In neorgina Tvp, Hiii>le Distrlct-
moderiitc tliifo Hat ion over uit ar^a of
2,590 ha In die Eapanola DIetrlct
Mode rat e fol i ar da-raace (201) was
apjiareiit Froin Pinery Provincial Park
to the touii oF Grand Bend In CtiHtlinra
DIetrlct and In Bertie Tup, Niagara
nlptrlct.
Ci3(is<;<t ti eve re a hot hale ilnom jjt: to trees
in die Rondeau and Pinery Park arena
O
I
(CQnt '
OTHEfi NOTEWORTHY INSKCTS AND DISEASES (cont'd)
Insect or Disease
Lcnf blotch
Guignaniia eumouli (Pk.)
Stevart
Leaf dlcbnck of vow
Guignantia philoprina
(Berk. t. Curt.)
van der An
Leaf apot
MycoBphaerella popuHcola
C.E. Thompa.
Suptaria populicola Pk.
Tubakia dryina (Sncc.) Sutt.
Linden loopcr
Promt a tiliaria (llorr.)
Hoat(s) Locality Remarks Rating
Maple IcaTc
p{2i\iclemenoia accrifoliella (Fitch)
[laple trumpet skoletanlzer
Epinotia aiariella (Clen.)
eastern ulilte
cellar
baluea poplar
red Dak
oak
Biigar mople
sugar m.iplc
I.Qrao-chefltnut Central Region
Chatham ond Aylmer illstrlcts
St. Wllllnma Nurnery
BoJerate-to-sf»i:re Infect lone on
ornamentals it uevcr.il locaclona
Ornamental treun In the tounB of
noderfch and FarUltll unperlenctd
ni'vere foll.ir iliiinagc.
first collection In four year9 ,
Hanitoulln I.l.nd. EaP«nolfl DUtd«| Hodcr«.-to-.««te I nte.tlone DrvJen Fort Frances and Kenora dlscrlcta caoeed early leaf discoloration
and defoliation throughout.
Central Region
Cliotham Diatrlct
Niagara District
Knatern Region
Central Region
Bancroft District
Northeaatern Hugion
Light damage occurred throughout
the Region.
Occasional trtta experienced modcrote-
to-aevere damage Id a 5-ha aren In
Harwich TVp ond In a 3,000-lia stsnd
in Bosanquet Two.
low numbera neiir tlic town of CayiiKa
a total of 106 ha heavily dcfoliflted
In South Crosby and Aueuata t«pa
Heavy damnf^o recurred for the fourth
consecutive year on 16 ha In Cambridge
District and on 5 ha of regeneration on
Beaueoleil Island. Huronla [liutrict-
1 Iih of llfclit damage In Anetruther Twp
moderate damage in Jocelyn and ['luuimer
Add'l tups, Ssult Ste. Hnrie DiHtriet
and In Daunon Twp, Kspanola Dlatrlct;
lieavy south of Luke Nlplsalng In the
North Bay Rifitrlct over an area of
80,709 ha
(cont M)
CITHKR NOTKVOHIH* IHSRCTS AMD PISF.ASKS (cont'd)
Locality Romiirka
Maple trumpet skeleCcmiier (cont'd) Bpitiotia aceriella (Clem.)
.■.!■■!..,!. I! I. ..■;■..! lu'livy In I Jin il! . ': i ,-;■■ : r and 5t rong I '-'i111 ■
Fa try :- ■.inn il l>1 .■■■ l i i i i 11 nil In 1 .nil .j Tup,
BraCCbirtdge Dint rl ct over an nrta of
rj/..JU ha
Central Region 1 lx.li t jt o-raodemto jiapalaclonti common
fk'uvy lnFce tjic I*iiib jiurntatttl In n
fifl-lui macuTti atiicul In I'earct Provincial
I'.irk In. Ayluvir District and noilcr^CL1
ifomac.e occurred dirough nmch of the
Ounn Sound J>Ut rlct .
aaufly
ganiculttta
1111 ;> 11 : ■ i ] i I e
auinlt ,1 ,i--
Central reglona
a anpla (Havlo) Darker
Juck pint Mortlivestern. Northern, A1 ru11ljn 1 n,
Hor:lieas cem und North Central
low
muili:r.ite-to-SC;Vvr*; ■!.!■■■■ on urnA-
:■!!:,:■, anil fcirL'al 1 rti-B throughout
I I j'.li i -t ii-:MiiliT.ittf il'tnage at a.ca.1 teted
Iuhji 11 on a, part 1 culnrly 1:, the Sout h-
wl'r turn Region
= "-■■■ " I.:L "--:. avArdjed 501 in five ureas
1 ii KlrklanJ Lafco and Tlmmlna Jlatrlctu
ciiil 162 In eleven areaa In HlloJ River,
UHTUfl, S-ault Set-. Hsirt ef Espunold,
findliury an4 Ncirili Kay dietrlctn; elee-
uhera in six other districts defolla~-
L lim wau 1«h.:S Limn 2-OX .
-P-
ap. wlat« pint
Scota pine
Surtbury
LophodfrmUm sp. province-wide
lii-uvy lull ar diimiige oliaervod on
Cocktmrn Isl.iml, Rapunola Uletrlct and
in Curly le am) S col lard tups, ^ud bitry
Dt atrice
o-ftevt're Inf ect iona were
....■!■■■■.- In Horth Hay, ; ■pniioln,
d, Hlll'UMl, IIi'-ii-l-I'I'I ili'f , I'll I iy
Bi\d
(cont'd)
Ineect or
HeedletteT
ia imlfurcana Clem
Northern pine weevil
opproximatue
Northern pltcti twig moth
atbicapitana (Uuael<.)
Qak
Leoar\itcn quoraifez fc'ltch
Oak olethreutld
PseudcTt>ntera areoaoniona Clem.
BkeletnnUer
ii: ainftliella Hurt.
(laic uebworra
feruidartue (cleo.)
Fraud•
Ornngeatrlpt-J oakuorm
Anisota ituriatoria (J.E- Smith)
Hoat(a)
OTHER HOTKHORTHY iflSKCTS AKD DISKASUS (cont'd)
Locality
Tale Bjiruct; gsll adaB
Adetges atr-abilobiuQ (Kalt.)
J'nlea wn«vil
Ifylobiue palen
? J p I nc
red oa
oak
oak
oak
maple
red oak
ScOtB pint
white ■:>■■•-■"■■■■
Qrackvtlle dild CHrleton
dlatrieta
Twp, Bryden
Lavant T«p, Carleton Place District
General Region
Central Region
Southwestern ■,-.■::■■
Etiutern
Southveeccro Region
Cochrane, KapuekaeLng iind
dlatrlcta
ilurunia DluLrict
Rating
Allan Tup, Espsnola BCoEtlet populaclana caualng
g to 621 of tba t«mLlnHlB on.
(J.5-m trees In a small O.25~lia
plancation
light to younR utock In two
551 of main dtems lnfeattfd on l.
trtiee In a 1-ha clonul trial sro
Ln tfbouC 500 ha of oak ate
low levels vtth s total area of 5 lia
dt Six Hlle Lake ProwlnclaL Park,
Murania nintrict end Jn Onondaga Tvp,
Dlatrict
gh numheifl In ebout 15 ha in Lavant
Twp, Carleton Place l)[atrlct and In
n|iproxIiBately 5 ha In Olden TVp,
heavy daonge ac numerous polnta
the Hlagara District and In the HDJth
on of the Canbrld^ Qistrict;
no In the Hrtplc Diafcrlct; light
moderate Integtatlon ln approxLmately
25 hB oE mature red oak at the St.
Williams Forcet Station, Aylmer District
HS at Heveral locjtdona
Populations remain low. A
Increased incidence **
hr'iivy Ft I'd! lift damme to 0.5 lia ot ™
Scnts pine Christowio tfeea, Adjala Twpj liyhtar d.iinaKL- to a Eew white apruce
trees in Tiny Tup
I
OTHER NOTEWORTHY INSECTS AND DISEASES (cant'd)
Insect or !!■■: J. (:i ■ l.ocu 1! t y Remarks Rat Ing
Pine hafk
Hnaua atrobi (HcgO
engraver
Ipe pini C^n
Pine false upbu-rtrta.
AaanthoLyda erythroaephata (L.)
unite pine
rml pine
J! li
Region
Brockvilie District, Krtattsru Region
District, AI^
Keglon
Mtirnula and I.lndojiy diH
Cuiurol Region
rental ndur of C«ji[r/i]
n SoniiJ Dlatrlci
heavy ilatoaRe to approslnut ely 2 ha
of plmitat ion creej in EdwurdaburK
aflBoclated wtLli nocCality of oupJl
trees at tlirri? lur.i I 1 nu;,
Tup
aanoclfUtil vltli itriiiiiili L~utrlcken
t rt'i'B at lua locjit lonu In tho
I ir ..-, I .i !il h.1 rl jrL jmd nt oiie point
In the Maple DluLrlct
rrL-(1 i iiu anJ lii?;ivy I jif fat at Ions In a
nLimitsr of yonnx pi.Lilt jtC Ions
liiy numhufn COinffloil
[ncri:H9e:J (\ i ^t rl I
lnu popul;tttona In a 30-lia red
pliintiptlon In MinLO Tup; the f 1 ra C
record [n this dLairlct
Pine gall weevil
Pdiiapion gatticola Klley
red i S =!.!■■ .: Uiscrlct Ikiivy fnfcstat tona ho«u cauaetT cx-
C.i;iiti I ve ulmlw-t rcu, I up mid branch
icinrtality to rcil pine pJantacLons In
the llurMiiiiiiburluiiit ConnLy FuriinC
Pine ncedlemlner
Ezoteleid pini (Cham.)
Plnu ntetfli! mat
Oolsoaporium Qiftp.nint (Diet.)
Jack pine
pine
(■■arty Sound DiuLrl trl
II car a t, Coctirane, Pumtirokft,
Cornunll, Cnrlttwii Plucu,
Wfl^anre and Atlkcikim .!;- (ii. i-
Heavy lnfestittionti nffccclnE up ta
1007 of the oid folIaEc occurred in
a nuttbet of localInnu tn Harrison
Twp.
Pnlfur dan.1^1.' wag tend than 5Z In a
fl riMH cxanl iifil excfjit for h 50-lia
piuncat Ioil In AriLott Tvp, Hearst
niutrtct uhece ^os of cti
i'int nL't^le acale
Cfiionaepie pinifotiae (Fltcli)
pi tie,
riprucC
Sioux Lookout moderate imiil".- in WtiAI OMMR air 1,-ihl-
OTltKB H0TKW1RTHY INSECTS AND DISEASES
Locality
F'i iiv up(worm
TtittvLlapha
NortliuL'titern Rcgl on
Aninota
(Oni.)
Poplar c-dTiker and die buck
i""' populeum (Sacc.) Btltt
Poplar
Attica poputi Brown
'oftInr Irnfmlnlng
Meuaa populifoliella (Town.)
oak
lorab(irdy poplar
pupIn r
popla r
Ken urn [Jiatrlct, Nortliues tern
Re ill on
HuTOnla, Owlii Sound,
unit Hrtplo illntrlcta
Racing
HghL defoliation ol en-ral-miiCur*;
Jack pine; BOI of an fl-lid Jjick pine
■: I ,i:i.l i'l'ii I 1 1 .!■■ 1! I li I ■: ! in,'-- I Ul th ;in
sueruge of aeven w 1> ■.!:,.■■<■. ;■.■; Lree
In t'orgle Tup, KilflOFit Hi- '-!■ '- ; I :■■.■.■
piifiulat Ions also Found In HuMck and
Cayle Twp, Kenurfl DleicrlcC, and
Tup, Fort Frances Illmrtct
EDudnrdtG dcfolim liin a( single crcea
along HcKenzle PorLnfiH Koad
Infection and di aiidtio-rc In ted mortality C
were enramonly fouild In thcuc
no ilawjge recorded uince ] !Jfl2 ;
cetes papLiltitton dueHfie
hlfih LuimbctB found nuutig 13 hu of
N--1 :;<i poplar plnntut I vnu In -■■■-■ r Is
Shfibrooke Twp, Cdrleioti Placfl TUutrlc
dud in LemiB and Lansdainifl Tup. Br'>ck-
vlllc n
Jictc pine fl
Neodipvian complex
Nc.adiprion Lecontei (Fitch)
cnterpLllBT
conainna (.I.E. Srallli)
Jack
red
n Region
Algonqul 11 Region
, Enat^rn and
Central
p«cXeta oE aevcte dnbtugc on
9-n trees at Doghole Iltiyh SlOUX t.oukout
,.;.n ]..: ; .!l.-. general ly down; nuiterate
Infestation In a 1-tiu plnntntlon of
b-m red pine In Clmndoy Tup, Tlmicroft
Hl&trlct and heavy In a 1-ha area on
the Algonquin Park t ..,u ..>•■,■ In Finlay-
suti Tup± Algonquin Park f'l- 1 . 1. 1
of larvae at numerous
r- ■ 1 ■■■■'■■■
Hadu rat e-t o-eevcru 1 e Ve 1 a i>i dc I o 11 a -
cl an on roads lde .!:■;■■■!, nnd wll low
utirt: observed ChruuBtiOut Fort Frjinces,
Kfiiora and Dryden il I ti 111 CL a ; severe
do fa 11 at [on also occurred 11 lung lluy
72, SIoujc Lookout llloLrtct, and along
ilwya 599 and 17, Ignace District.
(contM)
OTHER NOTEWORTHY INSECTS AND 0ISKASK5 (cont't!)
ecu or Dlaense Host{a) Locality Remarks Rating
f
Symerietn canicoata
bur oak
re it oalc
bjJBB-VOD J Cliathara und Wlnghsa
Populat iouii 1 mi ire declined from uevere
ta light ulnce 1982.
decline In poiiul-iclon luvole since
1982; no enccmntera of thin IiiHeet
In either district ttils ytur
nn. )■■■(■■■ of t :.itn.i
Red cone hcetlc
lfopk.
pine Moderate lnfi;utat lona recurred, causing
variable -'i !,■<■ to .:;■:■ r : ■ '. !< ■■ 1 y SO lit]
of red pine | ! ■■ i.i .■; Li":;i- and ■-•■-.\
orcliards^
':':■:: p 1 llL' ■■-. -:r
Eucocma monitcrana llcinr-
Hcd plttc iinwfly
Neodiprion nanutua nanutua Schedl
red
rud pine
Jack pine
Cornwall Diatrlct, EaBCcrn
tern Region
high nuralitru In 2-ha Setd J'rodnction
Art'fl., ■,:■,!■: !.!.■< TV[>
severe dufoiIutluu uf Jack pine
along llwy 17 lei Cjitheart , Corn.:i» and
Mt:N'ev£r tUpfl, TgiijiCii OlatflCtj
iiiode-fate ilfiM. i o fit several ■■■ !iL-r
points In TKT1HC& and SJou* Luokaut
dlfiLricLa
I
J
Morch General Region mu 11 pocki-t at ln.*uvy damage near
Shohanrlouan, TlmnJer fl«y nisCrict;
1 igtit-Eo-uoderflte dpnifipe tomnnin at
oLhet polntu In Thunder Bay Diatrlct
Mi'ut Intn the Aclkokan Diatrlct
Rt-glon iii i n I «■'!■. Ln Mil nt; r mic)
Tyrell evips, Klrkland Loko I>idcrict;
populflt LonB in Cftrlbnldl Tup,
nistrtcc
ddtod ;" = ■ i rient
Heterocampa guttivitta
red oak
Kaacern Bug,ion
lluronla
una 11 pocket oE mpiiluoi Iiilt-aluLlon
In appro«1i:iJil tily h Ii3 of planted
rod pine
In population co
(tont'd)
Insect or
OTHKH HOTKUORTHY INSECTS AND DISEASKS (contM)
IlDKt(a ) I,ocj«1 t cy Ki'innrka
a hjj! 11 k-buf,
oaratogenaiB
moth
aalicia (L.)
Sauyer )•<?*;iien
. mostly
a (Say)
Septoria munivti Pk.
Shool LLlRlit
Sir&aOCtsitfi Btrobilinue [Tenas
poplar
J;ick v
hi tick
white
■■■urn vhlce
eadar
ba)ana poplar
md pine
Kaatern
norclicrn Outnilo
Ac Ikokan .lh,! Thunder tiny ilia
.' i f! i..iii, Ulliiil Hlverh :;..:■: dilil
SIouk Lookout JtatrlcCe
mortality of ruil plLie lfi a 5-lia
pn In IlaSB^Cy Twp, Pembroke
111 ii- trice, a 11 f of a previous (nfetdE^Ll
lifnvy clef al 1 at Ian of a feu [ r«cn In
Thurlou Twp, lljipuiiL'n niutrict; a alig
■ut-'ULerly raiiRC ■.KtftnBiOCI IihS ■ ■!-, n ; [<■■!
Hhice
l.lf.lit ndult fetiHi!)1, damage waa reported A
in tlie HlplgOlli TJmniinaj Tcmaganl,
I.. ■ is:! :. li !■ And Ctmpleau dlstrlcta;
BftVCCC ili'iil [ Foci) I up, danagc on nut lire
J.ick pi no occurred near Clcnr I.»V.e,
Cm iliou Lnk-e mill ■'li ■ l.aku , total Ling
up[irax I maLL-ly 3 L hn In ihr SI utix Lookout
lilutrLct. Approxliutaly 4.1 tin nf over-
t:.111:1 <• jack pinn wftta liquidj't--I naat
Scliroem! Lako, Hu(\ Lake nistrlct.
Severe widespread Infect [on c.iuai;J
«nf drop.
A low incidence of infection wuu
1 .!i-i! ilt ill ■ ■' ! I !'■ i 1 f.'ll | " 1 -it : .
b"JI of trees Iftfoctud In a
t Inn Id PrfluJfoot IVp
B
00
Venturin mz?utari8 trembling provincfl-ul«le RjimjiRt: levels of Infected treed
viu lei! f rum .11 lii on h rsd In tcic
Be pane la nimriiu id looz in one
dr^ii In the Tin1::.!-.- District.
Shore ha rn-pd oji
finloysoni Rtotte
uMtt Qi
bur usV
■ i:■'..[ 1 J.-l !j! .! l I i1 ■ light damage In Blenheim Twp mid
H! Lton area
filiif; auwfly
Caliroa uj>.
I I ll II,li. Central Ktglon f ..I.-';.1 ii ■ nlongfringesof C
oiik utnnda In Ori> 'i'.-i , liurunla Dis
trict; Unbrldgf TV|»h Maple Dlntrlct;
and In the Tltomlil area, Niagara District
(cent 'd)
Insect or DlaeH
SI UR SJiwf ly (cont' 6 )
Caliroa up.
OTHKR HOTKUOHTH* 1HSECTS AIJB DISKASES Ccont1d)
Itast(s) Locality
Region
Remorku
damage commo-n on scjtH rrird
trees In thu Pott BUTVSlI urea,
Aylmur nifltrict
Rating
Knuil I hlrel1! leafmlner
KaLoerfania lindquisti (Free.)
Solitary nak lenfrainer
Southern pine engraver
If)3 Qra>idicotli.B (Eich.
iejirroi rkei! M>u:k noch
Kheumaptera hastata £L.)
Sjil 11/ ash flnnfly
Eupartaphora
Spring t
(Creefl-)
reni-aulelloMea
Hot- A Hun.
Spruce gnll
Adatgea {Patch)
ulilce Mreti
Inir oak
red oak
-l.'ic oak
District, Central
Ced pirtt
white birch
yellow birch
aider
pin cherry
ash
\'l \ j'.i. !!'.
! -j !'!■!.-; fir
ulilte spruce
European larch
southern OntnClO
Koiitern Region
Fort Fraiictu OCatrlct, Horchw
Region
u and ■■■,.■--_: dlatrlctH
TltamLns, Xlrklflnd Lake,
Temagaul districtfl
Sincoe DiBtrlct, St.
J'oi11 Rouun
northern flntJirlo
northern Ontario
Hi.-.i vy da mag? renirr^d on !'' li. af
ldlceahure trwB In tbo AWttflda Pta-
vinclal Park area.
heavy illation, reported from
areas In tlie Southutfltern
Ion; law defoliation through the
Pembroke District
heavy defoliation over 0.2 lia In
Fltzroy TVp, C*rlnton Plate lHutrict
and ihoderatc over 0.5 ho In J'ront
of Yonge Tw|>, Bruckville Elleirlct
three pockety tolnlHnfi about 1 ha
of drought-nffectott tre+;y InfL-etcd
at Rocky Tulet, Ftjilny r.nkt.-
pOiJtJ 1 a C Ian levels dropped cons ldef ably;
liglit defoliation ulthln an ariia of
113,922 he, corapart-d to 410,000 ha of
defoliation In 19B2
liglit Jcfolliition of most black ash
heavy lnfestD tionn wltli up to 1O0I
defoliation of refills IJl- IncuBt
Low-lo-moderate pOpuluClonu were
found feeding In cnnjuiict Ion with
Choristoneura fumiferana nC fiernlJto
lurfnce Bay, Cochratie, HeuniL and
Sioux Lookout Jiatrlcca.
declining low popul.it [onfl ejicepl In
K a [hi ska g I nf;, Cochcane fliiJ Hiiurst
districts; 72Z of trees affected
in a 50-lia plantation In Bciiuoe Twp,
Cochrane ni»trice
0T1IKK NOTEWORTHY INSf.CTS AND DISEASES (cinU'd)
iuiil {; [.ociiLlty i( ■ i .. I l (■ , | Rating
Sjtruee ncml If
icdi (Alb. & S
ri. By
Striped alder saufly
Herrziahroa crvcea
Strlpeif sumac lenfroller
Kfphoptr,r\fx aubfuanslta Rag.
Sw«ctrcr*n Mister mat
Ct*onartit#i aetmptaniaa Arch.
\T ItpOL
Rhytiama
fPerrr. t-K St. Amfltis) Fr.
Twig blight
Genangi-ura
(Fr,) F
vhitc ■!■!■,:. ,-
black
white birth
Jack pine
n;i! mji p 1
pine
northern
und Northern
lhironla DiHtrlcc,
nnJ Owen Sound ^l -: r!. ■ ,
' ■'■' !H.■<■■:!■ I II I'." | .1.,
Uort hern Region
Owun
Cornwall and Druckvllle districts
found commonly lit high I rif<;ct Ion
luvelo (often 1002) liut
f iiliar denage u^'i usual ly li
111.in 1OZ except for uevtra 1
In SI out Lookout ,-ind Red La ke
illMtrlcts where Infection levels of
infl?; mid follnr .■».!.■■■ In tlie 901
to 11)01 rgngp uiiij recorded
raiiJiirate-to-aevcre defoliation of
■jingle trees In Kcnws, Fort
Frances and K.j;iiii.l- ■■; 11.-.\ district a
IIiiui!iia! ly li [ j(li pupu tat Enna ciiihuH
mini i-rate am! ijeutiru ilainuge to «u 1 1
c. 1 nm|iH of ten mi jit niimeroim locac lonu ■
A liiiJ Incidence w.-iei rejinrceil In nil
nr-L'jiF) eaamtni^il except In Calveri Twp,
CaehranA nistrlct Hhare a 20S Inci
dence of Ltift-tt ion uaa recorded .
hi*-vu t"e 1.. ..!.■'■ oijHL-ruud an undeua tory
mill Fringe tree» In MacGregor Point
1'rovlnelal Park
b low Incidence In ahouI 6 ho nf
planted trees
O
I
tIcr
Var[«ble
reflezetla Clem,
ninteo
na itiLagerriwa C- ft ft.
Huron la J'lr.i t 1 i l , Central
Idiiauood Fort Francen Olecrlct, Hortliwea t'
Region
blnck wjilnijt Sontliueatern and Central te^Ione
'. I : ; ' : 11.1: lilcknry
ulid|ilid rk lilckory
butcarnut
Feeding In bg8ocI;iL ion with othor
uueed (ionn|>icumLa \e.at
nt euver.il
trac« rOadsIJe iff f »1 [at i on alonp
low ]GveIa of i:.: ■■■-: ,i! i L1|, with
ocean lonal colotiJun at several
lucnLlortBj defoliation leaa than
101 Jn both
(cone'd)
OTHER NOTEWORTHY IHSECTS AND DlSF.ASRS
Locality
^
District. Southweatem
Western gall rune
Endocroitartiwi (J.P. Honr«) Y. Ilirat
White pine bllflCcr rust
Crvnarbiim Hbicola J.C Finch.
Whtte pine weevil
pienadea tstrobi (reck)
Willow flea weevil e rufipee
llw lenfbl
Fhytlonorycter kenora (Free.)
whlis rlne
eastern white
pine
jack pine
riid pin*
white spruce
mitgtio pine
black spruce
Norway tpruce
wlllou
« i11ou
provlnce-uiJe
province-wide
BrockVllle niatrlct. F.aetern
Hortherd Region
Region
Willow lenfminer
nocLhern Ontario
oiodu alioOC dtfrnage at Pearce
Provincial Park and Shedden
found throughout the range of di haece with levels of infection
Vfiua DiHtrlct to 1JX in an area
In Cliapleau DlatricC
In
trees Infected
Populations again remained low In northern Ontario except for areaa
in the Northeastern RtEion, where
2O-6QX of lcaJera were damafied on
utilta pine and as many M ZU "^ do»eed on jack pine. Southern Ontario
had louer rtaoAsra of dfl^aE^-l l^aderu than in 19B2, *t*h Cfi« highest inci dence occuicine 1" Hufonlft DiBtrict, ^rt whlW pine, with W oE leaJ««
at tacked.
heavy over 0.5 ha t«i Elizabethcown T^P
hiRh population* on roada!<**■- trews
in ^Btern part of HcaraC K*Wl«t
hlfih population on roadside tr««
tliroa^iout Sioux Lookout, Red Lake
mid Ignece discricta
Bevflre browniT.fi of foliage along Cfflu
flideB in Che HearsC, Ceraldton,
Hlpigen («*O. Terr*« ^y an.l Wawa ilieirlcta
!
Ui
OTHER HOTHWORTira INSECTS AND DISKASK5
lpnecE nr Dlaaaae lluHt(s}
Wl How bHpoc suwf ly
Januis aiibre\>iatua {S
Woolly alder ajihid
wl How
(Fitch) allver
Locality
Illetrict
Ontario
Renurku
conirldera'ble aliooc
one coopartoent ot hybrid
Ofono Forest Station
in
decline In incidence; no InfcatatlonB
rape rled
Rating
Yellow blrcli
Anah\flopira Wlk.
spruce aawfly
Bia (Rah.)
llowuecked cuttirpi liar
Datnnn minietra [Dru.)
7,lmniemwii moth
birch
wlilc e uprnce
lilanV: spruce
birch
Sajlc Ste. Mflrl« DieLrlct
northern Ontario
!....: :i.-, !■ Ontario
l, Klrkland Lake, Fort
, Kenora, Dryden,
Region
rooJ(?r3te damage near Til Icy
and light near Turkey Lake, Hlsliarc
Tup
Bedcrate-Cft-ftftVan defulLit ioo In
nmal 1 , ijcattercil [wcktfLd chroaghauC
tlit Hotthern Region; coinitidiil / found
11 long tortilsLdtifl ami wl ndlireaku
1 Ij-'Jit-to-moduraCtt defollaclDn; ]jo|iu-
LaClon levGla ai»PLLar to 1« rising In lota llzdd .!:■[-.[:. in hrin. i ..! r untl Uupan.ee
itlBtrlcta, in compnrlflon witti endomic
levele during 19BI
UgliC dGfollatlan oE Blngle tmea
cluapa of treea
£ (Gri.)
incidence; decline In
..,■■: 1 . i Ian
I 1
ABIOTIC DAHACK
ILOBt(a} Locallty
Front
tin loam f 1 C
bdflSWOod
ted opk
.III!'1 BBtl
Bfl litrof t, Hwjile, Iluroni <i , Sudbury t
North Bay, Twed, CUrleton Place
unJ (linden dlntrlcca
Vary I ng levels of damrigo Co Che ulioota of
1 . 1 ■;,,": fir were observed.
Hull pine
Bracttvt lie , Hajinnee, Iturniil.i, Owen
Sound, Cambridge, Haplu t HInden,
:'; i.-< !i:-I<' ,■■ anil Llnduay Jin L ficL U
Algonquin, Pembroke and Hears t
dim rl cts
T^p, Hawa PistrlcC
Kurly frouca caused premature leaf defot
t Ian of auw dec [.!..!■!■. specie a ; houcvur ,
Hfiis,L(;j' m apruct- v.iHi-il fron 2Z to ICI In
three bclmi, uf re genera I Ion exural ned .
Moderate foliar daita^ of li" * ••■
£n a 50-Ijh ntand ju*nr PaVel I,ako.
Snow
Single—tret inorcpllty
IJlnctr
crembllng rapcti
Jhl'K pi tie
>iolanm fir
wli [ t c pine
Sudbury Dlatrtct
i: ■■:,£ , ;!■■■;: -1 A
diatrtcea
lJdrry Sou nil h Brac
Huroiiia dlsLrlctH
- , = j"i: - i:. [ i< ;■
and
Met, henvy ■,:.,.„■ r.i l ] cnuned limb and seen
bre.a'k.age on (ring* trteB-
--[■-,■,<:■■-: ji'.-i i>. !h of l.u-, dry weather nay
liuve precijiltaced an !:,, ■.--.■.-,,- in Incidence
A mill! uiiuer fo 1 lowed by a cold upell ici
the epting re)-, ii lii'A In dlecoloraCon and
juirLlal def iillat Ion of aid follu^*: o£
in
Wl in poplur
Blind River DIsLrtct
Fan
llglit dnmagv apparent In a 5-ha.
in Patton Twp
trei; iJnnage wft» encountered
oii t the uicji.
and
black
pnplnr
white bircli
Cambridge DlsLrtct
and
-dietrices
deciduous and Atlkokan TMstrCct
i i;i i:'. .■ r i .:.. trees
Revt-re win lift In early Kay caused . ..;i,: : .It-1.. h ', ■■
bli>ui!uwn ffon PlaCtavllle La Cambridge.
small pocVtla of bloudowu caused by
d cjtwe-r-e ulnJatorm «<; re obperved J(i Xlnefflfl
jjnd :!- r.-u-..,).! tups, i ■ i .■;, r;i :ie T)lntrlct and
and ail a i' iinujiniiy InR sin^l n-trvu blowJoun ^nti
■ ' !■■;■■!"-."<■ ii i hi ■" ii'Ikjij! the Cochrnne , Kujieb L
/\iiA Kapunkjrt Ing JlscrlctA.
A total oF G50 ha of downed tIaber was
observed at tiiree I u. .it 1 ona .
uhite cedar
Snlt
Island, Eapunala District
provlnce-wlJc
Severe tUncoloratlon uf tiill;;,:i- caused by
Hti unidentified agent affected ■ ,i',i> he,
A a I lil winter aiid corre«|icnidliig reduct [on
In the uuc uf road aalt accounted for a
duereasc In dnin^igcd i r ,