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Conflict Over TradeChapter 5 Part 2
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Britain• Britain strongest nation in the
world.• After seeing power of colonies
during F&I War, saw opportunity to make $$ and gain more control.
• Increased trade regulations, closed off western lands to further settlement, & added taxes.
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The Closing of Land• Pontiac, Ottawa Indian chief, wanted to
stop whites from settling.• Organized Indian rebellion that included
tribes from Canada to southern America.
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Proclamation of 1763• Banned colonists from going west of the
Appalachians.• Settlers already there asked to leave.• Only trappers/traders could go there with a
license.
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Quartering of British Troops• “Protection against French/Indians and
enforce British policies”• Quartering Act of 1765 ordered colonists to
care for troops with no compensation.• EXPENSIVE!
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Navigation & Trade Acts• Controlled trade between colonies and
foreign nations.• Prior to F&I War, not thoroughly enforced• After F&I War, Britain realized how much $
$ they could have had; began to enforce rules strictly.
• Sent out officials with search warrants (called writs of assistance) to search for smuggled goods anywhere—including homes.
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New Taxes• Taxes for local government• Now had to pay tax to British Parliament
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The Sugar Act• April 1764, Parliament passed the Sugar
Act.• Placed taxes (duties) on imported goods
like sugar, molasses, coffee, silk, et cetera.• SIDE NOTE:
• Imagine going to Portland, buying a shirt, paying tax on it, returning to Washington, and paying an another tax on that shirt.
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The Stamp Act• Passed to “raise additional income for the
defense of the colonies”.• Taxed activities (not goods).• EG: taxed the work of lawyers, printers,
etc. • Without stamps items were illegal.
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Colonial Opposition• Issue: Can Parliament, without asking,
force them to pay a tax? • “No taxation without representation”• Not given same legal/political rights as
English citizens back home.• Groups formed called the Sons of Liberty
organized and held protests against the Stamp Act.
• Some resorted to intimidation and violence.
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Colonial Opposition• Some less violent protests include the
Stamp Act Congress.• Samuel Adams urged MA colonists to rebel.• 1765: asked King to grant rights; King said
no.• More boycotts; factories in England began
to shut down.• Parliament finally repealed the Stamp Act.
Shall we stay apart and die? Let’s unite and
live!