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The .nyc TLD--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
creating space on the Internet for New York and New Yorkers
Presentation to the
Internet Society – New York
Jefferson Market Library
May 21, 2008
By Thomas Lowenhaupt
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The Net That Connects
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The Net That Connects
O u t l i n e
•Where are we?•Where we want to go?•How we get there?•When?
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Compare the Media of Two Communities
Terre Haute, Indiana Community District 3 (NYC)
Population 105,000 200,000
Television Stations 2 0
Daily Newspapers 1 0
Radio Stations 8 0
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Compare the Media of Two Communities
…civics lesson…
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…civics lesson…
NYC is broken into
59 community districts.
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…civics lesson…
NYC is broken into
59 community districts.
Each district has a
Community Board.
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…civics lesson…
NYC is broken into
59 community districts.
Each district has a
Community Board.
The first step in
Democracy’s Ladder
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…civics lesson…Democracy’s Ladder
Step 4 U.S. Congress
Step 3 N.Y.S. Legislature
Step 2 City Council
Step 1 Community Boards
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…civics lesson…Democracy’s Ladder
Step 4 U.S. Congress
Step 3 N.Y.S. Legislature
Step 2 City Council
Step 1 Community Boards
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…civics lesson…Democracy’s Ladder
Step 4 Each step
Step 3 on this ladder
Step 2 involves a
Step 1 conversation between
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…end civics lesson…
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Compare the Media of Two Communities
Terre Haute, Indiana Community District 3 (NYC)
Population 105,000 200,000
Television Stations 2 0
Daily Newspapers 1 0
Radio Stations 8 0
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Democratic ConversationTerre Haute, Indiana Community District 3 (NYC)
Population 105,000 200,000
Television Stations 2 0
Daily Newspapers 1 0
Radio Stations 8 0
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Compare the Media of Two Communities
Terre Haute, Indiana Community District 3 (NYC)
Population 105,000 200,000
Television Stations 2 0
Daily Newspapers 1 0
Radio Stations 8 0
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Tonight’s presentation is about ways we can improve local
communication using an internet resource called a TLD.
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Technical Background
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Technical Background
Network Working Group J. Postel Request for Comments: 920 J. Reynolds . ISI
October 1984
Domain Requirements
Status of this Memo
This memo is a policy statement on the requirements of establishing a new domain in the
ARPA-Internet and the DARPA research community. This is an official policy statement
of the IAB and the DARPA.
Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Introduction
This memo restates and refines the requirements on establishing a Domain first...
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Technical Background
Domain Name System
• Top Level Domains
• Second Level
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What’s a TLD?
Familiar Top Level DomainsFamiliar Top Level Domains
www.amazon.comwww.nyu.eduwww.nyc.gov.net, .biz, .us, .info
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What’s a TLD?
Why Top Level?
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What’s a TLD?
Why Top Level?
Think of the domain name system as a pyramid
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What’s a TLD?
Why Top Level?
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What’s a TLD?
Why Top Level?
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What’s a TLD?
Why Top Level? Top =
Second =
Third=
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How many TLDs are there?
• Generic ( .com, .org …) 20
• Country Codes (.us, .uk …) 243
What’s a TLD?
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What’s a TLD?
Second Level Names - Numbers
• .com - 72,000,000• .org – 6,000,000• .us – 1,000,000• .gov – 32,000• .edu – 2,500
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What’s a TLD?
Every Country Has a TLD
.us
.uk
.fr
.tv
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What’s a TLD?
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Tuvalu has a TLD.
New York City doesn’t!
What’s a TLD?
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To the Internet, there is no New York City !
What’s a TLD?
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Why do we want a TLD?
Why .nyc?
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Many reasons. First…
Why .nyc?
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Good Domain Names
•Short
•Descriptive
•Memorable
Why .nyc?
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.com - 72,000,000
No good names.
Why .nyc?
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.com - 72,000,000
Why .nyc?
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.com - 72,000,000
Ning
Why .nyc?
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• Small Businesses -> rikeyscafe.nyc
• Community Groups -> astoria.nyc
• Civic Affairs -> cb3.queens.nyc
• Not-for-Profits -> connecting.nyc
• Individuals -> John-Q-Public.nyc
• Issues -> congestiontax.nyc
Good Domain Names
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Why .nyc?
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Identity
•Made in New York
•From New York City
Why .nyc?
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So things.
you find
can
you find
So things.
Why .nyc?
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New York City 1800
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Thinking ahead, city leaders established a Commission
to plan for the future.
They created:
New York City 1800
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The Commissioners Plan of 1811
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The Commissioners Plan of 1811
Why can you see the
sun?
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The Commissioners Plan of 1811
Created the Manhattan Street Grid
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The Commissioners Plan of 1811
The grid organized
and made accessible
New York City’s
real estate resources to great civic and financial gain.
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The Commissioners Plan of 1811
The grid organized
and made accessible
New York City’s
real estate resources to great civic and financial gain.
(Lexington Avenue: corners = community)
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Why .nyc?
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Why .nyc?
Organize
and make accessible
New York City’s
digital resources.
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So things.
you find
can
you find
So things.
Why .nyc?
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The city has 402 hotels
Google “NYC hotels”
you get 2,000,000 - 90,000,000 hits
Why .nyc?
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The city has 2,400 schools
Google “NYC schools”you get 2,000,000 - 174,000,000 hits
Why .nyc?
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The city has 120 hospitals
Google “NYC hospitals”-- a vital resource --
you get 1,000,000 - 144,000,000 hits
Why .nyc?
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Why .nyc?
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So you can find things. A directory www.hotels.nyc
…schools…hospitals…bars…
…banks…bakeries…etc.
Why .nyc?
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So you can find things. A More Intuitive Internet
IBM.com ~ rickeyscafe.com
rickeyscafe.nyc
Why .nyc?
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Why .nyc?
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Why .nyc?
Proximity
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Why .nyc?
Networking
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Why .nyc?
Proximity ~ Networking
This is …the historic role of the city…
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Why city-TLDs?
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Proximity ~ Networking
Ideas
Opinions
Feelings
Passions
Products
Services
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Proximity ~ Networking
…here’s my networking
map of New York City…
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Proximity ~ Networking
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Proximity ~ Networking
…people of all shades, shapes, and sizes interacting
in different ways...
( Note: The “map” is actually artist Jackson Pollack’s Image #7 )
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Proximity ~ Networking
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Proximity ~ Networking
This is the way it was for about 400 years
…then about 1995…
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Proximity ~ Networking
…we were globalized…
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Proximity ~ Networking
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Proximity ~ Networking
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Proximity ~ Networking
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This disrupted traditional
civic communication.
Proximity ~ Networking
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Monetized junk.
Proximity ~ Networking
~ ebay.com
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His Holiness www.Vatican.va
Proximity ~ Networking
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…long term impact…
Proximity ~ Networking
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Model A to Moses
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Model A to Moses
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The .nyc TLD allows us to think about the role of the Internet vis-à-vis our city
for the first time.
It’s a clean-slate.
Model A to Moses
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…the role of the .nyc TLD…
to re-connect the city
Proximity ~ Networking
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…the role of the .nyc TLD…
to re-establish its historic role
Proximity ~ Networking
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Proximity ~ Networking
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Proximity ~ Networking
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Proximity ~ Networking
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The .nyc TLDs Benefits
• Good Domain Names
• Directory of Resources
• Identity
• More Intuitive Internet ~ City
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The .nyc TLDs Benefits
But there’s more…
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The .nyc TLDs Benefits
But there’s more…
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Public Interest TLD
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Public Interest TLD
White Paper –
“Towards City-TLDs In The Public Interest”
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Public Interest TLD
• Equitable Distribution of Domain Names
• Reasonable Price for Domain Names
• Name Set-Asides for Civic, Community, and Issue Usage
• City Nexus for More Secure Experience
• Local Control
• Open & Transparent Governance
• Shrink Digital Divide ~ Civic Education
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Public Interest TLD
• Equitable Distribution of Domain Names
• Reasonable Price for Domain Names
• Name Set-Asides for Civic, Community, and Issue Usage
• City Nexus for More Secure Experience
• Local Control
• Open & Transparent Governance
• Shrink Digital Divide ~ Civic Education
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Urban Planning for the Web
• Domain Names for residents, business, issues, and organizations
• Special "Civic Names" to organize our digital resources and issues
• Civic Names as starting points for conversation and participation on the web
Public Interest TLD
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Democratic ConversationTerre Haute, Indiana Community District 3 (NYC)
Population 105,000 200,000
Television Stations 2 0
Daily Newspapers 1 0
Radio Stations 8 0
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The Civics Project
Civic Applications
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Civic Applications
The Civics Project
•Civic Spaces (names)
•Civic Tools
•Civic Education
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Civic Applications
The Civics Project•Civic Spaces (names)
– www.gov.nyc– www.sustainable.nyc– www.your-name.voter.nyc– www.astoria.nyc– www.news.nyc
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Civic Applications
The Civics Project•Civic Tools
– computer programs
– social connectors
» Facebook, LinkedIn, etc.
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Civic Applications
The Civics Project
•Civic EducationShow New Yorkers and New York organizations how to use civic tools in civic spaces.
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…a status report…
Who & How
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Who & How
April 19, 2001 CB 3 passed
Internet Empowerment Resolution
Get .nyc
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Who & How
2001 Progress
Council Member (Senator) SabiniCouncil Member (now borough
president Helen Marshall)Congress Member Crowley…
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Who & How
until
9/11
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Who & How
• 2001 - honky dory
• 2002 - 9/11
• 2003 - 2012 Olympic Focus
• 2004 - TLD window closed
• 2005 - .berlin
• 2006 - knock, knock - no one home
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Who & How
2007 we created
Connecting.nyc Inc. NYS not-for-profit
acquire & develop the .nyc TLD
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How Do You Get a TLD?
…it’s complex…
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How Do You Get a TLD?
…it’s complex…
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How Do You Get a TLD?
…on paper…
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How Do You Get a TLD?
1997N T I A
issued a
N P R M
D N S
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How Do You Get a TLD?
1997N T I A
(National Telecom & Info. Administration)Issued aN P R M
(Notice of Proposed Rulemaking)D N S
(Domain Name System)
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How Do You Get a TLD?
1997
NTIA - NPRM – DNS
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How Do You Get a TLD?
1997NTIA - NPRM – DNS
In essence, the U.S. Government asked the world: How do we
manage the Internet’s Domain Name System,
i.e., .com, .org, .edu, .gov, .net?
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How Do You Get a TLD?
1997
NTIA - NPRM – DNS
• How do we manage what’s there now?
• How do we issue new Top Level Domain Names?
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How Do You Get a TLD?
• U.S. Department of Commerce
• National Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA)
• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
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How Do You Get a TLD?
ICANN• California not-for-profit 1998
• 15 Board Members
• From around the world
• 2004 Policy Development Process
• Draft RFP in July 2008
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Steps to Success
• Good Plan
• Local Support
• Responsive Application to ICANN RFP
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Timetable
• Connecting.nyc Inc. – April 2007
• ICANN Draft RFP – July 2008
• Submit Proposal – March 2009
• ICANN OK – October 2009• Open to Public - March 2010
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• rickeyscafe.nyc• astoria.nyc• cb3.queens.nyc• connecting.nyc • John-Q-Public.nyc • congestiontax.nyc• Sustainable.nyc
Timetable
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Easy things -
names…identity…directory
Hard things -
trust…security…community
Summary – Why .nyc?
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A place on the Internet where the world can find
our resources.
Summary – Why .nyc?
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m o s t i m p o r t a n t
A place on the Internet for the city’s residents
and organizations tofind one another.
Summary – Why .nyc?
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…civic enterprise…
Globally NYC is tiny
1/10th of 1% of the world’s population
squished into
400 square miles
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…civic enterprise…
Historically we’ve done this well.
We are a global city.
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…civic enterprise…18th Century Shipping Piers
19th Century Train Stations
20th Century Airports
21st Century TLD
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… end …