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#ConnWeek Santa Clara, CA May 22-24, 2012 1
OpenADR 2.0 Signaling over Tropos Network
Architecture, Communications and Security
May 24 2012Jim ComptonAGM/CTOBurbank Water and [email protected]
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#ConnWeek Santa Clara, CA May 22-24, 2012 2
Agenda
• Overview• Architecture• Communications• Security• Q&A
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#ConnWeek Santa Clara, CA May 22-24, 2012 3
Overview
• Burbank, California– Major C&I customers are Media and Entertainment
Industry with studios well known to the audience.• Why Demand Response (DR)?
– Mothballing two generators that ran fewer than eight (8) days per year
– DR to be used to fill the gap• Why OpenADR 2.0?
– Standard signaling protocol to all loads outside BWP’s cyber security perimeter
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#ConnWeek Santa Clara, CA May 22-24, 2012 4
Architecture
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#ConnWeek Santa Clara, CA May 22-24, 2012 5
Communications
• Approximately 50,000 smart meters• Tropos wireless mesh network with fiber optic backhaul• Approximately 400 radios covering 98% of the City• Low latency/high bandwidth
– Average bandwidth availability: 5-10mbs per radio– Average round trip latency: 2.1ms
• BWP VTNs will be signaled from the Automated Dispatch System (ADS) over BWPs Enterprise Services Bus (ESB) using IEC 61968-9/100-based web services
• OpenADR 2.0a endpoints (VENs) will be signaled via Tropos wireless network
• Tropos 1410 radios will be integrated into the OpenADR 2.0a VENS
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#ConnWeek Santa Clara, CA May 22-24, 2012 6
ADS – VTN Signaling
Source: IEC 61968-9, Application integration at electric utilities – System interfaces for distributionManagement, Edition 1, 2009-09, Figure 37, p. 60.
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#ConnWeek Santa Clara, CA May 22-24, 2012 7
Security
• OpenADR 2.0a uses a flexible, state of the art security model based upon:– Authentication – You can verify that the sender is who he claims to be– Integrity – You can verify that the message has not been tampered with.– Non-repudiation – You can prove that the sender did in fact send the
message.– Confidentiality – You can ensure that only the intended recipient can read
your message (encryption).• Core security technologies leverage Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
transport, Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), and device level certificates.
• Security implementation methods consider customer preferences and their enterprise security infrastructure.
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#ConnWeek Santa Clara, CA May 22-24, 2012 8
VeriSign CA
VeriSign DS
Issue Certificates
Publish Public InformationMaintain CRL and Public Certificates
DRAS
IADSParticipant
Facility
BWPPortal
X.509 Certificates
Certificates
Verify Certificates and Certificate Revocation List
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#ConnWeek Santa Clara, CA May 22-24, 2012 9
Risk Analysis – VTN
Use Case 1: Malicious disruption of OADR2 messages leaving the server (VTN)
Actor 1, Utility (VTN) Risk Category
Message Type A I C N
Demand Response Events 3 3 1 1
Price Conveyance Public Data 1 1 1 1
Price Conveyance Private Data 2 2 2 2
Price Conveyance with PRD 3 3 2 2
Feedback (Meter telemetry or other) 2 2 2 2
Energy Transactions 3 3 3 3
[1] There are programs that tie load shed to prices[2] Not substation or state estimation devices, client devices only[3] Buying and selling, with calls to perform
Risk Categories1.Inconvenient but no detrimental effect to either customer or grid2.Disturbance to utility or customers, but not to grid3.Grid Instability
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#ConnWeek Santa Clara, CA May 22-24, 2012 10
Risk Analysis – VEN
Use Case 2: Malicious disruption of OADR2 messages leaving the end node (VEN)
Actor 2, End Device (VEN) Risk Category
Message Type A I C N
Demand Response Events 1 1 1 1
Price Conveyance Public Data 1 1 1 1
Price Conveyance Private Data 1 1 1 1
Price Conveyance with PRD 1 1 1 1
Feedback (Meter telemetry or other) 2 2 2 2
Energy Transactions 3 3 3 3
[1] There are programs that tie load shed to prices[2] Not substation or state estimation devices, client devices only[3] Buying and selling, with calls to perform
Risk Categories1.Inconvenient but no detrimental effect to either customer or grid2.Disturbance to utility or customers, but not to grid3.Grid Instability