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Conservation Strategies for Growing Communities
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The Growth of Urban Conservation
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What the Law Requires
• National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
• Nonpoint Source Pollution (NPS)
• Storm Water Regulations
• NPDES Phase II
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Iowa Cities Subject to Phase I and II of NPDES
• Des Moines Area• Cedar Rapids Area• Waterloo/Cedar Falls• Quad Cities• Council Bluffs Area• Sioux City Area• Dubuque Area• Iowa City Area• Marshalltown• Ottumwa• Storm Lake
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Storm Water Pollution Prevention Planning (SWPPP)
• Minimize clearing and grading• Phase essential grading to limit soil exposure• Immediately stabilize exposed soils• Protect steep slopes and cuts• Protect and stabilize drainageways• Install perimeter controls to keep sediment on-site• Train contractors on SWPPP implementation• Inspect SWPPP practices after storms and perform needed
maintenance• Adjust the plan once construction has started, if needed
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Soil Erosion
Wind Erosion
Stream Bank Erosion Gully Erosion
Sheet & Rill Erosion
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Erosion Control Practices
• Compost Blankets• Grading Strategies• Mulching• Rolled Erosion
Control Products• Vegetative
EstablishmentCompost Blanket on a storm water detention
basin at North High School in Davenport.
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Compost Blankets
Applying compost and seed with a pneumatic blower truck
Compost Blankets control erosion until seeding is
established
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Grading Strategies
Design developments to fit the existing landscape.
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Mulching
Applying Straw Mulch
Mulching limits soil erosion, lessens the need to contain sediment and enhances water quality.
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Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECP’s)
Coconut Fiber Matting
RECP’s are especially effective at controlling erosion on severe slopes or areas of concentrated flows.
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Vegetative Establishment
Establishing vegetative cover is the best way to control erosion.
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Sediment Control Practices• Compost Filter Berms• Compost Socks• Filter Strips• GeoRidge™• Inlet Protection Devices• Rock Check Dams• Sediment Control Basins• Silt Fences Rock Check Dams add water quality protection by
temporarily impounding runoff from frequent, low
intensity rainfalls.
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Compost Filter Berms
Compost Filter Berms improve water quality by absorbing pollutants.
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Compost Socks
Compost Socks should be placed on the contour across slopes to intercept and treat sheet flows.
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Filter Strips
Filter Strips should be left permanent to protect urban streams, ponds and wetlands.
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GeoRidge™
GeoRidge™ complements the performance of erosion control blankets on channels and slopes.
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Inlet Protection
Inlet Protection Devices trap and filter sediment before entering storm sewer inlets.
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Rock Check Dams
Rock Check Dams prevent gully erosion caused by concentrated flow.
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Sediment Control Basins
Maximizing the amount of time water is impounded increases the amount of sediment retained on site.
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Silt Fences
Silt Fences temporarily impound runoff and retain sediment on-site, often as
perimeter control.
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Storm Water Management-Low Impact Development (LID)
• Bioretention Cells• Bioswales• Infiltration Trenches• Native Landscaping• Permeable Paving
Alternatives• Rain Gardens• Soil Quality
Restoration Bioretention Cells manage runoff from impervious surfaces.
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Bioretention Cells
Bioretention Cells are shallow, landscaped depressions that can handle large volumes of runoff.
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Bioswales
Bioswales are vegetated conveyance systems that provide an alternative to storm sewers.
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Infiltration Trenches
Infiltration Trenches are excavated trenches filled with a coarse stone aggregate and biologically active organic matter.
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Native Landscaping
Fall Colors
Summer Colors
High organic matter in native plants helps soil hold water like a sponge and infiltrate most rain.
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Permeable Paving Alternatives
Impervious surfaces that allow water to infiltrate.
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Rain Gardens
Perennial gardens featuring native vegetation strategically located to capture runoff.
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Soil Quality Restoration
Key to restoring soil quality is reducing soil compaction and increasing organic matter content.
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Final Thoughts• Practices as of 2004• Design Standards & Specifications• Statewide Urban Design and Specifications
manual (SUDAS)Helpful Websites:ia.nrcs.usda.gov
iamu.orgurbanwaterquality.org
epa.govstormh2o.com
cwp.orglowimpactdevelopment.org
stormwatercenter.netgreeninfrastructure.net
rmi.orgiowadnr.com
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• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)• Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities (IAMU)• Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship (IDALS)• Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR)• Iowa State University Extension Service• Urban Resources & Borderland Alliance Network (URBAN)
Developed in cooperation with:
The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.