CONSTRUCTION
Objective 6.02
Bell Ringer 4/1
Name these roof styles! 1
2 3
4
5 6
Objective
Recognize Components of Construction
Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)
A. Foundation
1. Footings
2. Slab
Construction
We will discuss the Basic Steps needed in ALL types of housing Construction…
STEP 1: Planning the housing SITE Topography – the slope of the land and
its other physical features
Influences: Planning Construction Maintenance
Types of topography
Easiest and least expensive to build on: Flat land, well drained, and free of rocks
Not all land/sites are like this: Poorly drained soils may cause swampy yards,
wet basements, sewage problems, and poor plant growth
In a cold climate, water trapped in poorly drained soils will freeze and expand, sometime causing the foundation to crack
Orientation
The position of a home on the lot and the direction the home faces.
Purpose: allow residents to enjoy sunshine, gentle breezes, and the natural beauty of the housing site
Understanding the principles of orientation can help a person choose one apartment unit over another
Orientation: using sunlight effectively
Help prevent dampness, mildew, and rot Home will need less artificial lighting Regions with cold winter need to utilize the
sun exposure South and west sides of a dwelling receive
the most sunlight Usually the family room, kitchen, and living
room (rooms that are center of family activity) are on the south and west side
North side should have the fewest windows
Utilizing natural elements, etc.
Windbreak: something that protects a housing site from strong winds Trees and shrubs Garages Walls and fences Homes built in the side of a hill
Step 2:Choose a FLOORPLAN Floorplan – a scale diagram of one or more
rooms as if seen from above
Step 3: The FOUNDATION
Foundation - underlying base of a house Purpose - supports the home
*Poor foundation = poor quality home*
Consists of the footing and foundation walls
Footing - continuous concrete base that supports foundation walls
3 Types of Foundation Construction 1) Basements – “room” like space under a
house 2) Crawl Space – space between the ground
and bottom floor of home 3) Slabs – a poured layer of concrete, about 4
inches thick
Brainstorm: What do you think would be the advantage of each??? (think about topography and others!)
Next Project!
Let’s look at Rubric
DUE 4/13
Bell Ringer 4/2
Please copy and answer the following question in your notebooks:
Because Ben’s house is built on grade (even with land) with no basement or crawlspace, his house is built:
A. On a hillB. On a slabC. Using anchor boltsD. Without headers
Objective
Recognize Components of Construction
Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)
B. Frame
1. Floor
a. Girder
b. Floor joist
c. Sub-floor
2. Wall
a. Studs
b. Header
c. Plates
(1) Top
(2) Sole
(3) Sill
Step 4: Floor Frame
Floor frame - “skeleton” of the structure Purpose - Supports the wall and roof materials If frame isn’t constructed properly, the structure
may collapse
Floor Frame Process:
Floor Joists, are long pieces of wood that are placed on top of the girders, which are on top of the foundation walls
A thick layer of plywood is attached to the tops of the floor joists. This is called the “Sub-Floor”
Floor Frame
Girder
End Joist
Joist
Sub-Floor
Floor Frame
Interesting Fact- Squeaky Floors are usually a sign of problems with the SUB-FLOOR
Step 5: Wall Frame
Purpose - supports the ceiling, upper floors, and roof
Also serves as a nailing base for wall finishes Wall Studs - a vertical wall framing piece of wood
Sill Plate– support piece below a window
Sole Plate – support piece above the sub-floor
Header – support above a door or window
Top Plate- support piece at the very top of the wall frame. Usually Double.
Videos
Watch videos on how to build a FOUNDATION, FLOOR FRAME and WALL FAME
Write down the steps involved for building these in your notebooks…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_akSziGAH4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDeWeb6ttbI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcNodWLKBEw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44IkVBVJS2U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmjlTycqpk0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3YfJKmvJ0E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2_A1GCHKds
Project
Work on Projects!
Bell Ringer 4/6
Please copy and answer the following question in your notebooks:
What needs to be fixed if you have a squeaky floor??
What piece can be found above BOTH a window and a door?
Objective
Recognize Components of Construction
Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)
3. Ceiling/Roof
a. Ceiling joist
b. Rafters
c. Ridge
d. Roof truss/truss rafters
Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)
C. Structural Roofing
1. Shingles
2. Slate/Tile
3. Metal
4. Insulation
a. R-value
b. Blanket
c. Loose fill
Step 6: Ceiling and Roof Framing Purpose – supports the roof Roof Words to know:
Roof Truss Rafter Ceiling Joist Ridge
Ceiling & Roof Frame
Roof Truss – combines a joist and rafters Made in the factory, delivered to the site Come in different shapes (this can provide
more or less attic space)
Rafter – support beams that extend from the exterior walls to the ridge (middle)
Diagonal beam = RAFTER
Horizontal beam = CEILING JOIST TRUSS
Ceiling/Roof Frame Process1) Trusses are built in
the factory, shipped to the site
2) Trusses are stacked on top of the wall frame
3) Trusses are secured to wall frame with small metal plates.
4) Roof frame is completed when covered with strong plywood sheets or other type of wood
House Frame
Videos: Continue Steps from Thursdays’ notes…https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-LxfIwOPPxEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcZZxKD-l6A
Watch it all together!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3iI6S7TuCA
Step 7: Roofing
Protects the home’s interior from the weather
Material must be strong and weatherproof Common roofing materials:
Asphalt: most often used because its fire-resistant
Fiberglass Vinyl Wood Clay tile Slate Concrete tile Metal
Shingles:
Thin pieces of material laid in overlapping rows that cover roofs
Applied after nailing black paper on the roof
The heavier the shingle, the longer its life will be.
Flashing
Consists of strips of sheet metal Installed under the
chimney Insulates the roof
from the chimney and prevents moisture from leaking through the roof openings
Water Protection
Gutters and downspouts: carry rainwater away from the foundation of the house
Step 8: Insulation
Material used to restrict the flow of heated or cooled air within a house to the outdoors.
Millions of tiny air pockets that resist the flow of heat through the material
R-value = resistance of a material to heat movement
Shows the capacity to resist winter heat
loss and summer heat gain The larger the R-value, the more resistance
the material has for heat movement.
Types of insulation forms
Blanket Board Loose-fill
Blanket
Available in the shortest rolls
Commonly used in attics, floors, walls, and around pipes and ducts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OWQpsbILOPs
Board
Higher in R-value per inch of thickness than the other forms
More expensive Used between
concrete and earth, around foundation walls, and on one side of the footing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNE1QQreOkA
Loose-Fill
Used in spaces where other types of insulating are difficult to install.
Also used in attics, inside frame walls, in cores of concrete blocks and as filler between other types of insulation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2GmDoE0-Gs
Which Type?
Which Type?
Project
Work on Projects!
DUE 4/13
QUIZ 6.0 on FRIDAY
Roof Styles Architectural Features Construction Terms
Study!! LOTS of Vocab!
Bell Ringer 4/7
Sketch and label the parts of the ceiling frame. Ceiling Joists Rafter Ridge Truss
Which roofing choice requires stronger rafters and other framing members to support its extra weight?
A. Metal B. ShakesC. Shingles D. Slate/Tile
Objective
Recognize Components of Construction
Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)
D. Housing Systems
1. Electrical
a. Panel box
b. Receptacles/Ground fault
2. Plumbing
a. Water supply
b. Waste water removal
E. Heating/Cooling
1. Forced air
2. Radiant heat
3. Heat pump
4. Portable
STEP 9: Electrical System
Electricity = movement of electrons along a conductor
Conductor- allows the flow of electrons and is usually a wire (power line)
Electrons follow a path from the source of the electricity to the device and back to the source. This is called a circuit
Ground Wire: electrical conductor that is connected to the earth that one needs to complete a circuit
Reduce Electrical fires and shocks Have household wiring checked every 5
years
Have ground fault circuit interrupters (GFI) in kitchens, bathrooms, and outdoors
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSV4djQmvqA
STEP 10: Plumbing System
Water Supply Water is supplied to home from a community
water system Enters the home through the “building main”
pipe Once in home, passes through softener and
filter Then goes through the hot water heater Finally goes to the appliance or fixture
STEP 10: Plumbing System
Waste Water removal Must be removed from the house so that it
does not harm you Pipes are completely separate from water
system pipes Pipes are LARGER than those for water When it leaves the house it goes to either a
septic tank or a community sewer line
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Air5AmzGSU
STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemHeat Systems: Conventional Systems
Uses electricity, gas, oil or coal Based on availability of source and cost
Forced Air = Air heated by furnace and then delivered to room through supply ducts
STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemHeat Systems: Conventional Systems
Radiant Heat = Wiring Produces heating Wire placed in ceiling, floor, or baseboards High Electricity costs!
STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemHeat Systems: Conventional Systems
Central Heat-Pump = Electric refrigeration unit that heats and cools the house
A fan pushes warm/cold air through the house Most efficient system in moderate/mild
climates Higher price, but it pays off in the long run
1.Heat Pump2.Evaporative Coil3.Furnace4.Air Cleaner5.Thermostat
STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemHeat Systems: Solar Panel System – uses the energy from
the sun to heat the house Saves money and is good for the environment!
STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemTypes of Heat Movement: Conduction
Transfer of heat from a body of higher temperature to one of lower temperature by direct contact
Convection Transfer of heat by means of air flow Warm air rises to the highest point in a
room/home Radiation
Transmission of heat by means of rays traveling in straight line from a source Example: Sun
STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemCooling Systems: Air conditioners remove excess moisture
while they cool and circulate air Ventilation: supplying a home with fresh
air and keeping air circulating throughout a home
Light colored roof will have a cooling reduction of 20-50 %
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lu2ltUz1ZhU
QUIZ 6.0 on FRIDAY
Roof Styles Architectural Features Construction Terms
Study!! LOTS of Vocab!
Project
Work on Projects!
DUE 4/13