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Important Organic Compounds
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CARBOHYDRATES•Contain carbon C, H and O
• Include sugars and starches
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CARBOHYDRATES•Classified according to size
• Monosaccharides—simple sugars (contain 3-7 carbon atoms)
• Disaccharides—two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis
• Polysaccharides—long-branching chains of linked simple sugars
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Monosaccharides
• Simple sugars• Single chain/single rings structure
• Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose
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Disaccharides
• Double sugars• Formed by Dehydration Synthesis
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Forming Disaccharides• Glucose and Fructose are joined involving the removal of
water molecule
• Dehydration Synthesis• THIS IS HOW CARBOHYDRATES ARE BUILT UP
FROM THEIR BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS!
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Back to Monosaccharides
• Sucrose is broken down to simple sugar units when the reaction is reversed – water molecule added
• Hydrolysis
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CARBOHYDRATES
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LIPIDS• Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Insoluble in water
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LIPIDS•Neutral fats (triglycerides)
• Found in fat deposits• Source of stored
energy
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LIPIDS•Phospholipids• Form cell membranes
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LIPIDS•Phospholipids• Form cell membranes
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LIPIDS•Steroids• Include
cholesterol, bile salts, vitamin D, and some hormones
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LIPIDS• Cholesterol
• The basis for all steroids made in the body
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PROTEINS• Account for over half of the
body’s organic matter
• Act as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies
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PROTEINS• Fibrous proteins
• Also known as structural proteins
• Appear in body structures
• Examples: collagen and keratin
• Stable
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PROTEINS• Globular proteins
• Also known as functional proteins
• Function as antibodies or enzymes
• Can be denatured
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ENZYMES
• DEMO
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ENZYMES
• Functional Proteins
• Act as biological catalysts
• Increase the rate of chemical reactions
• WITHOUT BECOMING PART OF THE PRODUCT OR BEING CHANGED ITSELF!
• So what does this mean?
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ENZYMES: Think Lock and Key
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ENZYMES
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ENZYMES• VERY specific function
• Enzymes can be recognized by the suffix –ase
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ENZYMES
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NUCLEIC ACIDS• Provide blueprint of life
• Nucleotide bases• A = Adenine• G = Guanine• C = Cytosine• T = Thymine• U = Uracil (RNA)
• Make DNA and RNA
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NUCLEIC ACIDS• Deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA)
• Complimentary bases form double helix
• Replicates before cell division
• Provides instructions for every protein in the body