Contraception and Contraception and Birth ControlBirth Control
Mr. DarlingMr. Darling
Risk and ResponsibilityRisk and Responsibility
►Women Men, and Birth Control: Who Is Women Men, and Birth Control: Who Is Responsible?Responsible?
►Think About It the Psychology of Risk Think About It the Psychology of Risk TakingTaking
►Preventing Sexually Transmitted Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’S)Diseases (STD’S)
Methods of Contraception Methods of Contraception and Birth Controland Birth Control
Birth Control and Contraception:Birth Control and Contraception:► What’s the Difference?What’s the Difference?
Choosing a MethodChoosing a Method Sexual Abstinence and OutercourseSexual Abstinence and Outercourse Practically Speaking GUIDELINES FOR Practically Speaking GUIDELINES FOR
CHOOSING A CONTRACEPTIVE METHODCHOOSING A CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD Hormonal Methods: the Pill and Hormonal Methods: the Pill and
ImplantsImplants
Methods of Contraception Methods of Contraception and Birth Controland Birth Control
►Think About It : UNRELIABLE AND Think About It : UNRELIABLE AND MYTHICAL MYTHICAL
►Methods of ContraceptionMethods of Contraception►Barrier Methods: the Condom Female Barrier Methods: the Condom Female
Condom, Diaphragm, and Cervical CapCondom, Diaphragm, and Cervical Cap►Practically Speaking: HINTS FOR Practically Speaking: HINTS FOR
EFFECTIVE CONDOM USEEFFECTIVE CONDOM USE
Methods of Contraception Methods of Contraception and Birth Controland Birth Control
►SpermicidalSpermicidal►The IUD (Intrauterine Device)The IUD (Intrauterine Device)►Fertility Awareness MethodsFertility Awareness Methods► SterilizationSterilization►Practically Speaking: IS STERILIZATION Practically Speaking: IS STERILIZATION
THE RIGHT CHOICE FOR YOU?THE RIGHT CHOICE FOR YOU?►Emergency ContraceptionEmergency Contraception
AbortionAbortion
►Methods of AbortionMethods of Abortion►A Decline in the Prevalence of AbortionA Decline in the Prevalence of Abortion►Women and AbortionWomen and Abortion►Men and AbortionMen and Abortion►The Abortion DebateThe Abortion Debate
Risk and ResponsibilityRisk and Responsibility
► If intercourse occurs the day before If intercourse occurs the day before ovulation, the chance of pregnancy is ovulation, the chance of pregnancy is about 30%.about 30%.
► If intercourse occurs the day of If intercourse occurs the day of ovulation, the chance of pregnancy is ovulation, the chance of pregnancy is about 15%.about 15%.
►Over the course of one year, couples Over the course of one year, couples who do not use contraception have a who do not use contraception have a 90% chance of pregnancy.90% chance of pregnancy.
Women Men, and Birth Women Men, and Birth Control: Who Is Responsible?Control: Who Is Responsible?
►Traditionally has been the women's Traditionally has been the women's responsibility.responsibility.
►Attitudes are changing.Attitudes are changing.► In addition to use of a condom men In addition to use of a condom men
can help take contraceptive can help take contraceptive responsibility by.responsibility by.
Women Men, and Birth Women Men, and Birth Control: Who Is Responsible?Control: Who Is Responsible?
►1.1. Exploring ways of making love Exploring ways of making love without intercourse;without intercourse;
►2.2. Helping to pay doctor or clinic bills Helping to pay doctor or clinic bills and sharing the cost of pills, implants, or and sharing the cost of pills, implants, or other birth control supplies;other birth control supplies;
Women Men, and Birth Women Men, and Birth Control: Who Is Responsible?Control: Who Is Responsible?
►3.3. Checking on supplies, helping to Checking on supplies, helping to keep track of the woman’s menstrual keep track of the woman’s menstrual cycle, and helping his partner with her cycle, and helping his partner with her part in the birth control routine;part in the birth control routine;
►4.4. In long-term relationships, if no (or In long-term relationships, if no (or no more) children are wanted, having no more) children are wanted, having a vasectomy.a vasectomy.
Preventing Sexually Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’S)Transmitted Diseases (STD’S)►Most STD’s are treatable if diagnosed Most STD’s are treatable if diagnosed
early.early.►AIDS is one exception> AIDS is FATAL.AIDS is one exception> AIDS is FATAL.►Some contraceptive methods work to Some contraceptive methods work to
help prevent disease and pregnancy. help prevent disease and pregnancy. ►Latex and polyurethane condoms Latex and polyurethane condoms
provide barrier protection against virus provide barrier protection against virus and bacterial infection: such as Herpes and bacterial infection: such as Herpes virus, chlamydia, gonococcus, and HIV.virus, chlamydia, gonococcus, and HIV.
Preventing Sexually Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’S)Transmitted Diseases (STD’S)
►Not 100% effective at preventing Not 100% effective at preventing infection or pregnancy.infection or pregnancy.
►Spermicides - Chemicals that kill sperm Spermicides - Chemicals that kill sperm offer protection against some STD’s, offer protection against some STD’s, foam or film can provide extra protection.foam or film can provide extra protection.
►Use of spermicides with barrier methods Use of spermicides with barrier methods increase the effectiveness of both the increase the effectiveness of both the infection and pregnancy protection of the infection and pregnancy protection of the method.method.
Birth Control and Birth Control and Contraception Contraception
►What is the differenceWhat is the difference Birth Control: Preventing birth from taking Birth Control: Preventing birth from taking
placeplace►IUDIUD►Emergency contraceptive pillsEmergency contraceptive pills►RU-486RU-486►Surgical AbortionSurgical Abortion
Birth Control and Birth Control and ContraceptionContraception
Contraception: Preventing conception Contraception: Preventing conception (preventing the sperm and the egg from (preventing the sperm and the egg from uniting)uniting)
►Barrier methodsBarrier methods Condoms, diaphragmsCondoms, diaphragms
►SpermicidesSpermicides►Hormonal methodsHormonal methods
PillPill Shot (depo)Shot (depo) ImplantsImplants
Methods of Contraception Methods of Contraception and Birth Controland Birth Control
►Choosing a MethodChoosing a Method The best method is the one you will use The best method is the one you will use
consistently and correctlyconsistently and correctly Know the reliability of methodKnow the reliability of method Know the advantages and disadvantagesKnow the advantages and disadvantages Side effectsSide effects RisksRisks
Methods of Contraception and Methods of Contraception and Birth ControlBirth Control
►AbstinenceAbstinence Choosing not to have intercourseChoosing not to have intercourse
►OutercourseOutercourse Sexual activity without penetrationSexual activity without penetration
Methods of Contraception and Methods of Contraception and Birth ControlBirth Control
►Hormonal MethodsHormonal Methods The pillThe pill ImplantsImplants InjectionsInjections
The PillThe Pill
►Combination of estrogen and progestin Combination of estrogen and progestin (some progestin only)(some progestin only)
► Inhibits ovulationInhibits ovulation►Thickens the cervical mucousThickens the cervical mucous►Changes the lining of the uterus to Changes the lining of the uterus to
inhibit implantation of the fertilized inhibit implantation of the fertilized ovumovum
►Alter the rate of ovum transportAlter the rate of ovum transport►99.5 % effective (if used correctly) 92 % 99.5 % effective (if used correctly) 92 %
The PillThe Pill
AdvantagesAdvantages Easy to useEasy to use DependableDependable No additional appliancesNo additional appliances Can regulate menstrual flow and decrease Can regulate menstrual flow and decrease
cramps and other symptoms of mensescramps and other symptoms of menses
The PillThe Pill
►ProblemsProblems Side effects Side effects
►Changes in menstrual flowChanges in menstrual flow►Breast tendernessBreast tenderness►NauseaNausea►Vomiting Vomiting ►Wt. gain or lossWt. gain or loss
The PillThe Pill
► ContraindicationsContraindications Heart diseaseHeart disease Kidney diseaseKidney disease Asthma Asthma High blood pressureHigh blood pressure DiabetesDiabetes EpilepsyEpilepsy Gall bladder diseaseGall bladder disease Sickle-cell anemiaSickle-cell anemia Migraine headachesMigraine headaches depression, depression,
The PillThe Pill
►ACHESACHES AAbdominal painbdominal pain CChest pain or shortness of breathhest pain or shortness of breath HHeadaches (severe)eadaches (severe) EEye problems (blurred vision, flashing ye problems (blurred vision, flashing
lights and blindness)lights and blindness) SSevere leg painevere leg pain
The PillThe Pill
►Smoking and the PillSmoking and the Pill►DO NOT TAKE THE PILL IF YOU SMOKEDO NOT TAKE THE PILL IF YOU SMOKE
ImplantsImplants
►Progestin only (Norplant)Progestin only (Norplant)►Prevents ovulationPrevents ovulation►More effective than the PillMore effective than the Pill
ImplantImplant
►AdvantagesAdvantages ConvenienceConvenience Eliminate user errorEliminate user error No menses or very lightNo menses or very light Decreased crampingDecreased cramping
ImplantImplant
►ProblemsProblems►Difficulty in Difficulty in
removingremoving
Side effectsSide effects►Similar to the Similar to the
pillpill►Changes in Changes in
menstrual menstrual bleedingbleeding
►HeadachesHeadaches
Side effectsSide effects►wt. gainwt. gain►AcneAcne►breast breast
tendernesstenderness►hair growthhair growth►ovarian cystsovarian cysts
ImplantImplant
►ContraindicationsContraindications Liver diseaseLiver disease Breast cancerBreast cancer Cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular disease Unexplained vaginal bleedingUnexplained vaginal bleeding PregnantPregnant SmokersSmokers
Injectable ContraceptivesInjectable Contraceptives
►Depo-Provera (DMPA) ProgesteroneDepo-Provera (DMPA) Progesterone Can stop mensesCan stop menses Side effects includeSide effects include
►Spotting, wt. gain, headaches, breast Spotting, wt. gain, headaches, breast tenderness, dizziness, loss of libido and tenderness, dizziness, loss of libido and depressiondepression
►Lunelle Progestin and estrogenLunelle Progestin and estrogen Similar to the pill in all aspectsSimilar to the pill in all aspects
Barrier MethodsBarrier Methods
►The condomThe condom►Female condomFemale condom►DiaphragmDiaphragm►Cervical cap Cervical cap ►SpongeSponge
SpermicidesSpermicides
►Nonoxynol-9Nonoxynol-9►Use in combination with barrier Use in combination with barrier
methods of contraceptionmethods of contraception FoamFoam gelgel FilmFilm Creams, jellies and suppositoriesCreams, jellies and suppositories
IUDIUD
► Intrauterine deviceIntrauterine device►Copper and plastic (Copper T-380A) 10 Copper and plastic (Copper T-380A) 10
yearsyears►Plastic and Progesterone (progestasert Plastic and Progesterone (progestasert
IUD) 1 yearIUD) 1 year►90-96 % effective in use90-96 % effective in use► Increased risk of PIDIncreased risk of PID
Fertility Awareness MethodsFertility Awareness Methods
►Calendar or rhythm methodCalendar or rhythm method Midway in cycleMidway in cycle
►Basal body temperature (BBT) methodBasal body temperature (BBT) method Increase in body temperatureIncrease in body temperature
►Cervical Mucous MethodCervical Mucous Method Clear slippery mucousClear slippery mucous
►Symptothermal methodSymptothermal method Combination of BBT and Cervical Mucous Combination of BBT and Cervical Mucous
methodsmethods
SterilizationSterilization
►For WomenFor Women Tubal ligationsTubal ligations
►Cut and seal the fallopian tubesCut and seal the fallopian tubes HysterectomyHysterectomy
►Removal of the uterusRemoval of the uterus
►For MenFor Men►VasectomyVasectomy
Vas deferens are cut and sealedVas deferens are cut and sealed
Emergency ContraceptionEmergency Contraception
►Emergency Contraception Pill (ECP)Emergency Contraception Pill (ECP)►Copper IUDCopper IUD
AbortionAbortion
►Spontaneous abortion (miscarriages)Spontaneous abortion (miscarriages)► Induced abortionInduced abortion
Induced AbortionInduced Abortion
►Drug inducedDrug induced Mifepristone (RU-486)Mifepristone (RU-486)
►Surgical MethodsSurgical Methods Vacuum aspirationVacuum aspiration Dilation and evacuationDilation and evacuation HysterectomyHysterectomy Saline, prostaglandins and urea (after the Saline, prostaglandins and urea (after the
first trimester)first trimester)