![Page 1: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Contraception
![Page 2: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Historical and Social Perspectives
• Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history
• U.S. contraceptive efforts– 1800s Comstock laws– 1915: Margaret Sanger– U.S. Supreme Court rulings
• Griswold vs. Connecticut• Eisenstadt vs. Baird
![Page 3: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Contemporary Issues on Contraception
• Planning for wanted children• Physical health of mother• Insurance coverage of contraceptives• Population growth• Cultural gender-role expectations• Wide diversity of views among cultures and
religious groups
![Page 4: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Average Number of Children
![Page 5: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sharing Responsibility for Contraception
• Ask about birth control before intercourse
• Read and discuss options together
• Attend a class or clinic together
• Share expenses
![Page 6: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Choosing a Birth Control Method
• Consider effectiveness and cost
• Consider ease of use and side effects
• Characteristics of ineffective use
![Page 7: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Choosing a Birth Control Method
![Page 8: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Choosing a Birth Control Method
![Page 9: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Choosing a Birth Control Method
![Page 10: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Choosing a Birth Control Method
![Page 11: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Hormone-Based Contraceptives: 4 Basic Types of The Pills
• Combination pill
• Triphasic pill
• Constant dose
• Progestin-only pill
![Page 12: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Other Hormone-Based Contraceptives
• Vaginal ring• Transdermal patch• Injected contraceptives
![Page 13: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Barrier Methods
• Condom
– Sheath fits over erect penis
![Page 14: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Barrier Methods: The Female Condom
![Page 15: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Vaginal Spermicides
• Can be purchased in pharmacies without a prescription
• Types– foam, sponge, suppositories, creams, film
![Page 16: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cervical Barrier Devices
• Diaphragm• Cervical cap• Fem Cap• Lea’s Shield
![Page 17: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cervical Barrier Devices
• Diaphragm• Cervical cap• Fem Cap• Lea’s Shield
![Page 18: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Intrauterine Devices
• Affect sperm motility & viability
• Thicken cervical mucous
• Alter endometrial lining
• Impair tubal motility
![Page 19: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Intrauterine Devices
![Page 20: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Emergency Contraception
• Hormonal: – Birth control pills taken within 72 hours of
unprotected intercourse• Copper-T:
– Inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex • Access Issues
![Page 21: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Emergency Contraception
![Page 22: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fertility Awareness Methods
• Standard days method
• Mucus method
• Calendar method
• Basal body-temperature
![Page 23: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Basal Body Temperature
![Page 24: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Female Sterilization
![Page 25: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Male Sterilization: Vasectomy
![Page 26: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Nursing: A Less than Effective Method of Birth Control
• Amenorrhea is common for a brief period after birth while breastfeeding
• 80% ovulate before first period
![Page 27: Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts –1800s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb45503460f94bbc4c3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Withdrawal Before Ejaculation: A Less than Effective Method
• Difficult to judge when to withdraw• Anxiety may lower pleasure• Cowper’s gland fluid may carry sperm• Any sperm on vulva may travel into
vagina/uterus• Unreliable